DRAFT MANILA DECLARATION ON FURTHERING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES
Commit ourselves to furthering the implementation of the Global Programme of Action
with a focus on the programme of work agreed upon for 2012–2016, including through intersessional
meetings of the Global Programme of Action as necessary, and to that end:
(a) Agree to devote additional efforts and financial resources to expedite the
implementation of the programme of work of the Global Programme of Action for 2012–2016;
(b) Also agree actively to engage ourselves and step up our efforts to develop policies on
the sustainable use of nutrients and nutrient management strategies to improve the nutrient use
efficiency of manufactured fertilizer by 20 per cent over the period 2012–2016 so as to protect the
environment and reduce the cost of fertilizer use;
(c) Adopt a multi-stakeholder partnership approach to the priority source categories of the
Global Programme Approach and to that end:
(i) Agree to support the further development of the Global Partnership on Nutrient
Management as a catalyst for political and institutional engagement in
international and regional forums seeking to build a common agenda for
tackling nutrient challenges and associated regional and national stakeholder
partnerships;
(ii) Also agree to guide and support the Global Partnership on Nutrient
Management in its undertaking of a global assessment for a comprehensive
understanding of the complex cycle of the two main nutrients, nitrogen and
phosphorus, and associated environmental impacts leading to the development
of a broad range of actions that will ultimately reduce the environmental
impact of unused nutrients;
(iii) Further agree to work with all stakeholders concerned in the light of the
Honolulu Commitment and the Honolulu Strategy to find solutions to the
marine litter problem, including by sharing technical, legal, policy,
community-based, economic and market-based means of preventing, reducing
and managing marine litter;
(iv) Agree to share among stakeholders information on good practices for
wastewater management for the purposes of environmental protection,
sanitation, climate change and nutrient benefits so as to prompt coordinated
action;
(d) Agree to support and facilitate initiatives that turn waste into a resource in an
environmentally sustainable manner by developing global, regional, national and local targets for
reducing marine litter and by improving global knowledge, understanding and monitoring of the scale,
nature and sources of marine litter and its impact on human health, marine habitats, biodiversity and
economic development;
(e) Also agree to make wise investments in wastewater management and to recommit
ourselves to promoting and demonstrating environment-friendly and resource-recycling approaches to
wastewater and to tackling the adverse impacts of excess nutrients in wastewater discharges as part of
the overall solution and approach to improved sanitation and human health;
4. (...) Request the United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council/Global
Ministerial Environment Forum to endorse the present declaration and the outcome of the third
Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities as valuable contributions to the
sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment;
13. (...) Also request the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme to
convene the Fourth Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global
Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities in
2016, and, as necessary, intersessional meetings, all in collaboration with the relevant organizations
and institutions, and to seek the support of the United Nations Environment Programme Governing
Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in organizing the meeting and implementing its
outcome;
15.

Language:English
Score: 683206.64
-
daccess-ods.un.org/acce...pen&DS=UNEP/GPA/IGR.3/5&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
Further, the declaration highlighted the commitment of parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to enhance the global environmental legal framework and to strengthen and enforce environmental law at national level, to protect biodiversity and to respect, protect and promote human rights obligations with respect to biodiversity protection measures.22
The release of the UN Guidance Note on the Protection and Promotion of the Civic Space, which includes many references to environmental defenders and the critical importance of expanding and protecting the civic space.23
11Environmental Justice: securing our right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment
At the regional level, the ratification and entry into force of the ‘Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean’ (the ‘Escazú Agreement’), the first environmental human rights treaty in Latin America and the Caribbean and innovative in many ways.24
24 United Nations Guidance Note: Protection and Promotion of Civic Space, (United Nations publication, September 2020). (...) Supporting the respect, protection and fulfillment of environmental rights
The respect, protection and fulfillment of environmental rights, at national and international levels, is a powerful tool for enhancing the protection of the environment and addressing environmental justice. While the full enjoyment of human rights depends upon a healthy environment, environmental protection is strengthened by the exercise of human rights.47 Consideration for the respect, protection and fulfillment of environmental rights and conversely the protection of human rights in environmental conservation policies and measures,48 is
45 United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Rule of Law: First Global Report, 2019, p. 8.
46 UNDP Global Programme Phase IV project document.
47 United Nations Human Rights Special Procedures, Framework Principles on Human Rights and the Environment, 2018, p. 5.
Language:English
Score: 683183.6
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https://www.undp.org/sites/g/f...l-Justice-Technical-Report.pdf
Data Source: un
Intersecting environmental, health and socio-economic crises are reversing global development gains and placing people and planet under stress.
(...) That is why I reiterate my call for global recognition and effective implementation of the human right to a healthy environment.
(...) We must continue to move forward to ensure a rights-based approach to all environmental action including the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
Language:English
Score: 683167
-
https://www.ohchr.org/en/state...e-organized-special-rapporteur
Data Source: un
ENHANCING THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCIES IN AFRICA
Since its establishment in 1972, UNEP has kept the global environment under
review by highlighting global environmental challenges and facilitating many regional and global
environmental treaties and conventions.
2. (...) Environment protection agencies serve as an interlocutor for the integration of science and
policy, using scientific information and data to solve global environmental challenges. (...) The aim of the proposed mechanism is to strengthen environment protection agencies to
influence Africa’s negotiating capacity in global environmental forums; implement policy at the local,
national, regional and global levels; and ensure compliance with and enforcement of environmental
legislation.
17.
Language:English
Score: 683116.75
-
https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...?open&DS=AMCEN/18(II)/4&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
REPORT OF THE FOURTH SESSION OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW MEETING ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES
K1900679 110319
UNITED
NATIONS
EP
UNEP/GPA/IGR.4/5
United Nations
Environment
Programme
Distr.: General
7 March 2019
Original: English
Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the
Implementation of the Global Programme of Action
for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land-based Activities
Fourth session
Bali, Indonesia, 31 October and 1 November 2018
Report of the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Review
Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of
Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land-based Activities
I. (...) Habib El-Habr, Coordinator of the Global Programme of Action for
the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities.
5. (...) Review of the implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of
the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities at the national, regional and
international levels during the period 2012–2018.
5.
Language:English
Score: 682618.65
-
https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...pen&DS=UNEP/GPA/IGR.4/5&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
International agreements in the field of chemical safety and the environment
Resource list | 08 November 2013
Minimata Convention on Mercury
The Minamata Convention for Mercury is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. (...) Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
This Convention is the most comprehensive global environmental agreement on hazardous and other wastes.
(...) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically and accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife.
Language:English
Score: 682535.25
-
https://www.ilo.org/global/top...WCMS_118357/lang--de/index.htm
Data Source: un
SECOND SESSION OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW MEETING ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES
The Meeting may decide to consider any other business relevant to the protection of the marine
environment from land-based activities and the Global Programme of Action.
(...) (venue to be identified)
Reception hosted by the State Environmental Protection Administration
UNEP/GPA/IGR.2/1/Add.1
9
Tuesday, 17 October 2006
Partnerships – mainstreaming the Global Programme of Action
Plenary
10 a.m. – 10.30 a.m.
(...) Item 6 (continued): Building a common agenda
(d) Discussion on the programme of work of the
UNEP Global Programme of Action
Coordination Office for 2007–2011
(e) Discussion on the draft elements of a
Beijing declaration on furthering the
implementation of the Global Programme of
Action
China Forum (organized by the State Environmental
Protection Administration)
Social event
6.30 p.m.
Language:English
Score: 682380.2
-
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Data Source: ods
MANILA DECLARATION ON FURTHERING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES
K1280329 200212
UNITED
NATIONS
EP
UNEP/GCSS.XII/INF/10
Governing Council
of the United Nations
Environment Programme
Distr.: General
9 February 2012
Original: English
Twelfth special session of the Governing Council/
Global Ministerial Environment Forum
Nairobi, 20–22 February 2012
Item 4 of the provisional agenda*
Emerging policy issues: environment and development
Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the
Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities
Note by the Executive Director
The annex to the present note sets out the Manila Declaration on Furthering the
Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment
from Land-based Activities, as adopted at the third session of the Intergovernmental Review Meeting
on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities, held in Manila on 25 and 26 January 2012. (...) Request the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme to
forward the present political declaration to the United Nations Environment Programme Governing
Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development as a contribution by the participants at the third session of the Intergovernmental Review
UNEP/GCSS.XII/INF/10
5
Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities to the deliberations on sustainable development;
14. Also request the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme to
convene the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the
Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
Activities in 2016 in collaboration with the relevant organizations and institutions, and to seek the
support of the United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council/Global Ministerial
Environment Forum in organizing the session;
15.

Language:English
Score: 681995.7
-
daccess-ods.un.org/acce...DS=UNEP/GCSS.XII/INF/10&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
Many national constitutions contemplate an enforceable right to a healthy environment
Constitutional provisions related to environmental protection can be grouped into four major categories: government’s responsibility to protect the environment; substantive rights to environmental quality; procedural environmental rights; and individual responsibility to protect the environment.20
A wide majority of the 110 national constitutions that include recognition of a right to live in a healthy environment include provisions that clearly support enforceability.21 Also, of the 140+ constitutions that incorporate environmental responsibilities for governments, most include explicit provisions that support enforceability.22
The right to a healthy environment includes a set of procedural and substantive elements, drawn from four decades of domestic and international jurisprudence. (...) (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018). 20 David R. Boyd, The Environmental Rights Revolution: A Global Study of Constitutions, Human Rights, and the Environment (Vancouver, UBC Press, 2012) pg. 52. 21 Id. at pg. 72. 22 Id. at pg. 74.
9
and sustainably produced food, healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, and non-toxic environments in which to live, work, study and play. (...) Legal principles, drawn from international human rights law and international environmental law, shed light on how the licences violate the right to a healthy environment in Article 112 and protected European Convention rights
The UN Human Rights Committee has stated that obligations of States under international environmental law should inform their human rights obligations.47 This is increasingly recognized at the national level, as demonstrated by the Supreme Court of Mexico in a recent decision relying on the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance to determine if the destruction of a mangrove forest violated the constitutional right to a healthy environment.48 Similarly an Australian court rejected a proposed coal mine in 2019, relying on the Paris Agreement and an analysis of the remaining global carbon budget to conclude it was “the wrong place at the wrong time … Wrong time because the GHG emissions of the coal mine and its coal product will increase total global concentrations of GHGs at a time when what is now urgently needed, in order to meet generally agreed climate targets, is a rapid and deep decrease in GHG emissions.”49
Five legal principles, drawn from international human rights law and international environmental law, are relevant to the issue of whether the right to a healthy environment in Article 112 has been violated, including common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, prevention, the precautionary principle, highest possible ambition, and extraterritorial obligations.
Language:English
Score: 681931.2
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https://www.ohchr.org/sites/de...wegian_climate_change_case.pdf
Data Source: un
Environmental protection moves ‘closer to the people’ through new human rights agreement | | 1UN News
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Environmental protection moves ‘closer to the people’ through new human rights agreement
UN Colombia
A wide range of human rights activists have been targeted in Colombia, especially those living in rural areas.Human and environmental rights campaigners are one focus of a new UNEP/OHCHR agreement signed 16 August, 2019.
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Environmental protection moves ‘closer to the people’ through new human rights agreement
16 August 2019
Human Rights
The UN environment agency and human rights office (OHCHR) signed a landmark new agreement on Friday aimed at better protecting vulnerable human and environmental rights defenders and their families, while increasing protection for people and the places where they live, across the world.
(...) In doing so, we will move towards a more sustainable and just planet,” she added.
Human, environmental rights, need 'stronger global partnerships'
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, said: “Our planet is being recklessly destroyed, and we urgently need stronger global partnerships to take action to save it...We call on leaders and governments to recognise that climate change and environmental degradation severely undermine the human rights of their people, particularly those in vulnerable situations – including the generations of tomorrow.”
Language:English
Score: 681899.46
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https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1044361
Data Source: un