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The GPS system is the first core element of the satellite navigation system widely available to civilian users. (...) A/CONF.184/BP/4 Page 6 11. GPS uses the Navigation Satellite Providing Time and Range (NAVSTAR) satellites. (...) In general, mariners use GPS for either navigation or positioning, although GPS has recently been applied to surveillance as well.

India The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System and the Global Positioning System-aided GEO-Augmented Navigation System 51 Annex Technical parameters 57 1 GPS/WAAS I. (...) GPS satellites also transmit a second P(Y) code ranging signal with a navigation data message on the L2 frequency. The central focus of the GPS modernization programme is the addition of new navigation signals to the GPS constellation.

Such global systems include the GPS of the United States and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) of the Russian Federation. (...) The following recommendations are offered for the GPS navigation system: (a) Increase in the memory of GPS receivers. (...) GPS is also used in the location and positioning of marine navigational aids in very remote areas.

Fundamentals 1.1 Introduction to GNSS: Conventional navigation, background, concepts and evolu- tions of global navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou/ COMPASS) and regional navigations satellie systems (IRNSS, QZSS). (...) Wasle. GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GPS, Glonass, Galileo and more), Springer, Wien, New York, 2008 P. (...) Available at: http://bit.ly/HsiVH J-M. Zogg. GPS: Essentials of navigation (Compedium). u-blox AG.

The Workshop noted that, while the basic GPS had many advantages over conventional navigation aids, such as distance-measuring equipment stations, radio navigation systems, and LORAN C, it still had some limitations. (...) The Workshop noted that GPS had significantly improved navigation for air, marine and land transportation. (...) The Workshop was briefed on the differential GPS service in Japan. The service was provided and paid for by the manufacturers of car navigation equipment.

The use of the signals received from existing GNSS, the best known of which are the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the United States and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) of the Russian Federation, has become a cross-cutting tool to support growth in precise positioning applications. (...) It was noted that, while GPS had been in operation since the mid-1990s, a GPS modernization programme was currently under way, bringing additional and new capabilities to users of positioning, navigation and timing services. (...) With the successful launch of a QZSS satellite, Japan had started demonstrations of QZSS technology to further utilize GPS-compatible signals for navigation systems.

THE INTEROPERABLE GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS SPACE SERVICE VOLUME UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS SECOND EDITION An artistic depiction of the four global and two regional navigation satellite systems surrounding the Earth. (...) Signal availability in particular is critically important for all GNSS users; by using on-board navigation filters in combination with orbit knowledge, space users can achieve navigation and timing solutions vi with only one available signal at a time. (...) MOD is a critical parameter for space users employing GNSS for time or concerned with navigation stability and short-term navigation effects, such as during trajectory manoeuvres.

There are currently two global satellite navigation systems, the United States’ GPS and the Russian Federation’s GLONASS (see para. 35). (...) GPS technology has matured [...] 170. While satellite navigation and positioning services are most widely known for applications in the field of transportation, the future of global navigation systems is to a large extent appears unlimited promising, as new applications will continue to be created as a result of technological evolution. (...) EGNOS is based on a regional augmentation of GPS and GLONASS and will employ navigation payloads on geostationary satellites.

GNSS are the Global Positioning __________________ 1 See A/AC.105/1000. 2 V.12-50003 A/AC.105/1013 System (GPS) of the United States, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) of the Russian Federation, Galileo of the European Union and Compass/BeiDou of China. (...) Promoting the use of global navigation satellite system technologies as tools for scientific applications, including space weather effects on global navigation satellite systems Ten years of achievement of the United Nations on global navigation satellite systems 9. (...) The range error caused by ionospheric delay in GPS signals is currently the largest component that affects the accuracy of positioning and navigation determination using single-frequency GPS measurements.

Recent developments in global navigation satellite systems 1. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 76/76, the Subcommittee considered agenda item 10, entitled “Recent developments in global navigation satellite systems”, and reviewed matters related to the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), the latest developments in the field of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and new GNSS applications. 2. (...) The Subcommittee noted that India was pursuing two paths as part of its satellite navigation programme: the GPS-aided Geostationary Augmented Navigation System (GAGAN) and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, also known as “Navigation with Indian Constellation” (NavIC). (...) The first satellite was to be launched in 2027, and the positioning, navigation and timing service would be ini tiated in 2035. 21.