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.: Limited 27 July 1999 Original: English Vienna 19-30 July 1999 Committee II Agenda item 8 Status and applications of space science and technology Technical Forum Conclusions and proposals of the Workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems 1. The objective of the Workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, organized by the European Tripartite Group (the European Commission, the European Space Agency and the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation), was to demonstrate how navigation and positioning technology could help solve problems of regional or global significance, given that global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are considered one of the key technologies in stimulating economic and social development, especially in developing countries. The Workshop also served to contribute to education and awareness about satellite navigation technology in global user communities. 2. The Workshop noted that two satellite navigation systems existed at present, the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the United States of America and the Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) of the Russian Federation, which were originally developed for military purposes and currently do not fully meet civilian user requirements.

Thus, the internationally introduced and very mature Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) – originally developed for maritime navigation – was also considered for inland navigation. (...) (b) The Display Base category must contain at least the following features: • bank of waterway (at mean water level) • shoreline construction (e.g. groyne, longitudinal control dam, training wall – any facility that is considered a hazard to navigation) • contours of locks and dams • boundaries of the fairway/navigation channel (if defined) • isolated dangers in the fairway/navigation channel under water • isolated dangers in the fairway/navigation channel above water level, such as bridges, overhead wires, etc (...) In case of a failure, the module at fault must be shown. 7.2 Malfunctions (a) Inland ECDIS in navigation mode shall provide a suitable alarm or indication of system malfunctions;8 (b) Inland ECDIS in information mode shall provide a suitable alarm or indication of missing input from – if connected – GPS, AIS and heading device. 8.

For the 2010 Census, enumerators will capture GPS coordinates for housing units during the Address Canvassing operation using GPS receivers integrated in each hand held computer. (...) In early evaluations of navigation aids the U.S. Census found that the average amount of time it took for a field workers to locate a specific housing unit was reduced when they had access to an hand held map with GPS indicator. (...) It was also found that enumerators could be prepared to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. Enumerators knew how to insert the GPS receiver and when to collect the coordinates.

Recent developments in global navigation satellite systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VIII. (...) Recent developments in global navigation satellite systems. 10. Space weather. 11. (...) The Subcommittee agreed that, without space science and technology, and in particular without communication and navigation systems, it would be impossible to meet the current and future challenges of social and economic development and sustainability, such as natural disasters, food security, climate change and natural resource security.

Section I Minimum requirements and test conditions for navigational radar installations in inland navigation Article 1 Scope These provisions set out the minimum requirements for navigational radar installations used in inland navigation as well as the conditions for testing conformity with these minimum requirements. Article 2 Purpose of the navigational radar installation The navigational radar installations shall facilitate the navigation of the vessel by providing an intelligible radar picture of its position in relation to buoys shorelines and navigational structures, as well as permitting the reliable and timely recognition of other vessels and obstructions protruding above the surface of the waterway. (...) Ascertaining the vessel's navigation time To determine navigation according to the criterion yes/no, the rotation of the propeller must be measured at an appropriate place.

Chapter 5 “AIS Aids to Navigation in inland navigation” 5.1 Introduction A navigational aid (also known as Aids to Navigation, or AtoN) is a marker which provides support during navigation. (...) ECE/TRANS/SC.3/WP.3/2020/8 6 Parameter Number of bits Description Type of electronic position fixing device 4 0 = Undefined (default) 1 = GPS 2 = GLONASS 3 = Combined GPS/GLONASS 4 = Loran-C 5 = Chayka 6 = Integrated Navigation System 7 = surveyed. (...) Used only when parameter “Name of Aids to Navigation Extension” is used. Should be set to zero.

Satellite positioning systems (Global Positioning System and the Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), originally deployed for strategic military purp oses, now provide non-encrypted signals, free of charge, for civilian applications such as air, land and naut ical navigation. GPS receivers allow pilots, drivers and other users to locate objects to within 100 metres. (...) That capability is already resulting in greater safety, lower costs and greate r productivity for the end-user. In 1994, GPS services and equipment for mapping and surveying and othe r applications generated combined revenues of $500 million.

Although intended as a navigational tool expressly for naval and merchant vessels, the DNC, with its layered data sets, may serve as a resource for GIS users. (...) During discussion of aeronautical charting, the benefits of integrated GPS and GIS databases as a means of improving aviation safety and of reducing the /... (...) The Conference also reaffirmed that standardization of aeronautical data was critical to safety of air navigation; in addition, integration of these data with GPS would provide significant benefits in efficiency and cost savings. 19.

GNSS-2 is expected to be under civilian control, tailored to the long-term needs of civil user communities and designed for improved navigation performance while still retaining GPS/GLONASS backward compatibility. 54. Meanwhile, commercial uses of GPS and other location and navigation devices continue to grow. (...) Commercial marine and aviation enterprises are using GPS to supplement or replace other means of navigation, and GPS systems for personal marine applications have been on the market for years.

Scintillation affects radio signals up to a few GHz frequency and seriously degrades and disrupts satellite-based navigation and communication systems. The Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) consists of a set of ground-based sensors and quasi-empirical models, developed to provide real-time alerts and short-term (less than 1 hour) forecasts of scintillation impacts on UHF satellite communication and L-Band GPS signals in the Earth's equatorial regions. 58. (...) All SCINDA sites are now equipped with GPS scintillation monitors and model development is in progress. (...) The goal is to have accurate GPS navigation error products available to support the SCINDA operations before the next solar maximum.