., 4x4 MIMO)
− Extending LTE into shared and unlicensed spectrum (e.g., LAA),
6
New spectrum sharing paradigms—opportunity to innovate Using all spectrum: low-band, mid-band, & high-band for mobile broadband
Licensed spectrum
Exclusive use Over 40 bands globally for LTE
Shared spectrum
New shared spectrum paradigms Example: 2.3 GHz Europe / 3.5 GHz USA
Unlicensed spectrum
Shared use Example: 2.4 GHz / 5 GHz / 60 GHz global
7
Making best use of unlicensed spectrum with LTE technologies as well
1 Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) evolving to enhanced LAA; 2 LTE Wi-Fi Link Aggregation (LWA) evolving to enhanced LWA. An alternate is LTE Wi-Fi radio level integration with IPsec tunnel (LWIP); 3 802.11ac /.11ad /.11ax /.11ay
Wi-Fi 3
Licensed spectrum
Unlicensed spectrum
Anchor Targeting mobile operators for new small cell deployments
MulteFire™
LWA2
LTE-U/ LAA1
Targeting mobile operators leveraging existing Wi-Fi
Evolving with enhanced performance and use cases
Broadens LTE ecosystem with new deployment scenarios
Carrier aggregation
8
We are pioneering shared/unlicensed spectrum in 4G LTE
1 Licensed Shared Access (LSA); 2 Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA); 3 Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), Priority Access Licenses (PAL), General Authorized Access (GAA)
Extensive technical pilot in France/Italy
with Ericsson, Nokia, Red Technologies, and the EC in 2016
LSA1
We designed the original proposal,
commercialized by the LTE-U forum
LTE-U
Performed world’s first over-the-air trials; LAA with Deutsche Telekom Nov 2015 & eLAA with
SKT Oct 2016
LAA2
A founder of the MulteFire Alliance
and a key contributor to its specification
A founder of the CBRS Alliance that facilitates the rollout of 3.5 GHz in the US
CBRS3
Incumbents PAL GAA
9
We are pioneering 5G spectrum sharing today Building on LTE-U/LAA, LWA, CBRS, LSA and MulteFire1
1) Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Wi-Fi Link Aggregation (LWA), Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
Tiered sharing (incumbents)
Spectrum aggregation
Radio aggregation
Standalone unlicensed MulteFire
LTE-U / LAA
LWA (LTE + Wi-Fi)
CBRS, LSA
NR based MulteFire
NR based LAA
Multi-connectivity: NR,LTE,Wi-Fi
NR based tiered sharing
5G New Radio (NR) Sub 6Ghz + mmWave
LTE Advanced Pro Spectrum below 6 GHz
Spectrum sharing
technologies
10
Innovative Wireless Technologies for Mobile Broadband Conclusion
Just like previous mobile generational transitions, the proliferation of the new 5G NR networks is unlikely to happen overnight.
Gigabit LTE and multi-connectivity will be essential to the viability of delivering seamless Gigabit- class connectivity during the early years of 5G
− Multimode solutions are expected to play an important role in ensuring a smooth 5G transition
At Qualcomm, we are enabling future wireless innovations and capabilities such as Gigabit LTE which will require much more spectrum, beyond what exclusively assigned spectrum can accommodate
Therefore, all available spectrum—including licensed, shared & unlicensed spectrum should be used for mobile broadband
In future scenarios (including evolution to 5G), spectrum sharing will be one of the key element for the expansion of mobile broadband, and Qualcomm is pioneering new spectrum sharing paradigms such as LSA, LTE-U, LAA, MulteFire etc.
Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein.
©2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies.
Language:English
Score: 3623784.8
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/s...2017-Africa/Forum/Qualcomm.pdf
Data Source: un
Wishah, the Agency appointed a Legal Aid Assistant, Gaza (LAA/G) to
investigate the allegations. The LAA/G is a relative of both Mr. Wishah and the complainants.
The LAA/G conducted parts of the investigation in his home outside of working hours.
9. (...) Wishah had failed to explain the “causality” between his kinship
with the LAA/G and the lack of transparency of the investigation, or why the LAA/G’s
investigative conduct could have tainted the procedure.
Language:English
Score: 3376337
-
https://www.un.org/en/internal...at/judgments/2013-unat-289.pdf
Data Source: un
How to use unlicensed spectrum
2 © 2017 Nokia
10x faster
10x faster
4.5G evolution makes the path to 5G Stepwise evolution in LTE and 5G
Broadband +IoT +Public Safety
4G
Gigabit LTE AirScale
4.5G Pro
4.9G 1++ Gbps Cloud RAN <10 ms latency
5G continuity
5G readiness
Test with operators AirScale
Pre/Commercial Specific use cases 5GOTSA based5G
4.5G
5G
Commercial Interoperable 3GPP compliant
3 © 2017 Nokia
1Gbps LTE AirScale / 5G readiness
4.5G Pro
The flexible toolbox for Gigabit LTE
on given spectrum
Available (widely used)
4 © 2017 Nokia
From 2 to 64 antenna paths per cell MIMO Evolution | 200% capacity gain with mMIMO (massive MIMO)
Potential of LTE-A Pro, 5G • 16 (Rel. 13) and 64 (Rel. 14)
antenna paths • 200% spectral efficiency
increase with 64 antenna paths (FDD)
3GPP Rel.10- based LTE-A (field measurements, FDD) • 2x faster peak data rates
with 4x4MIMO • 50% higher cell capacity
3GPP Rel.8-based commercial LTE • Commercial mainstream (FDD,
2015)
Available (limited by UEs) Planned (2017/18)
combined with 256QAM and Carrier Aggregation
4x2MIMO, 4x4MIMO 8x2MIMO, 8x4MIMO
2x2 MIMO
Semi static beams
mMIMO
5 © 2017 Nokia
CA | further Evolution (3GPP perspective)
LTE-Advanced Pro
Carrier Aggregation with up to 32 component carriers
25Gbps
640MHz
MIMO 8x8 256QAM
Carrier Aggregation with up to 32 component carriers
9.6Gbps
640MHz
MIMO 4x4 64QAM
DL
UL
DL
UL
7 © 2017 Nokia
Extending the Small Cell Multi-band portfolio with unlicensed spectrum LTE-U/LAA and LWIP with common hardware platforms
LTE-U (Pre 3GPP R13) / 3GPP Rel.13 LAA 3GPP Rel.13 LWA
PCC – primary component carrier SCC – secondary component carrier
• Integrated LTE + Wi-Fi • Peak Data Rate
via licensed LTE and WiFi Carrier • Supports Downlink and Uplink Aggregation • RF bandwidths: 20 DL + 20 UL Licensed + 802.11ac
• Licensed LTE + unlicensed LTE to maximize coverage and throughput
• Peak DL Data Rate via licensed LTE and unlicensed LTE Carrier Aggegation
• Unlicensed LTE and Wi-Fi Fairness - eCSAT and R13 LBT
20+ MHz
20MHz
40+ MHz DL
Lic LTE
Wi-Fi
With 802.11ac
>300 Mbps
Co-located LWA Non co-located LWA
LTEWi-Fi
DL Up to
600 Mbps
20MHz
40-80 MHz DL
Lic LTE
Unlicensed LTE
20MHz
20MHz
20MHz
Wi-Fi
8 © 2017 Nokia
LTE Unlicensed | LAA for band 3 + 46D (1800MHz + 5GHz)
83,5MHz 100MHz 100MHz 255MHz 155MHz
5GHz (BW = 610MHz)
2,4GHz (BW = 83,5MHz)
24 00
M H
z
24 83
,5 M
H z
51 50
M H
z
52 50
M H
z
53 50
M H
z
54 70
M H
z
57 25
M H
z
58 50
M H
z
Unlicensed Bands (used for WLAN)Licensed Bands
DL DLUL 10MHz
20MHz
20MHz
3x20MHz
60MHz
CA 10+20MHz (⇨ 225Mbps)
CA 20+60MHz (⇨ 600Mbps)
(450-3800MHz)
C A
Ex am
pl es
Spectrum usage
Suitable spectrum for LTE-U/LAA
45 0M
H z
70 0M
H z
85 0M
H z
90 0M
H z
18 00
M H
z 21
00 M
H z
26 00
M H
z
35 00
M H
z
20MHz 2x20MHzCA 20+40MHz (⇨ 450Mbps)
UN II-
3
3G PP
b an
d 46
D
9 © 2017 Nokia
5G and 4.9G | Evolution of LTE-Advanced to 5G service continuity
#2 Massive MIMO
#1 New Spectrum
300 MHz
3 GHz
30 GHz
10 GHz
90 GHz
10 cm
1m
1 cm
3 mm
#3 Flexible frame design
User #3
User #2
User #5
User #2
User #4
U se r # 1
User #5
U se r # 1
time
fre qu en cy
User #3
One tile corresponds to the smallest user allocation
Δt
Δf
#4 Multi-Connectivity
#5 Distributed Architecture
Gateway
• Flexible RS • Flexible size,
control, TDD, bandwidth etc
5G LTE
Wi-Fi
Five Key Technology Components of 5G
Blank Page
Blank Page
Language:English
Score: 3320527.7
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/R...2%20-%20Andrey%20Dudchenko.pdf
Data Source: un
Bwana Keating alipotembelea maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa. Picha: UNSOM
Akiwa Somaliland, Bwana Keating alitembelea pia maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa ambako kuna michoro ya kale ya zaidi ya maelfu ya miaka inayoweza kuwa ni kivutio kwa watalii.
(...) Bwana Keating alipotembelea maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa.
Language:English
Score: 3242462.7
-
https://news.un.org/sw/story/2018/01/1000452
Data Source: un
UN Secretary-General's Special Representative for Somalia, Michael Keating, views some of the ancient rock art at Laas Geel, located near the capital of Hargeisa, Somaliland. (...) UN Photo/Tobin Jones
A close-up of the Neolithic paintings at the Laas Geel rock art site, located some 50km outside of Hargeisa in Somaliland, The paintings are estimated to date from somewhere between 3,000 and 9,000 BC and are some of the earliest cave paintings to have been found in the Horn of Africa.UN Photo/Tobin Jones
A local guide shows the UN Secretary-General's Special Representative for Somalia, Michael Keating, some of the ancient rock art at Laas Geel, located near the capital of Hargeisa, Somaliland. (...) UN Photo/Tobin Jones
‹
›
Visit to Laas Geel highlights rich heritage and economic potential
The Special Representative also visited the Laas Geel rock shelters, located an hour north-east of Hargesia, and the location of Neolithic paintings dating back several thousands of years.
Language:English
Score: 3239312.5
-
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/01/1000252
Data Source: un
Shipuata Strategic executive NAC shipuatal@airports.com.na 54 Thomas Michael Opolot Principal strategic planning officer Uganda CAA mopolot@caa.co.ug 55 Leon Nelson Manzi Manager Quality and Safety Rwanda Airports Company nmanzi@rac.co.rw 56 Francis Nkansah AIS manager GCAA fnkansah@caa.com.gh 57 Samuel Wonekha General manager/Regional airports UCAA swonekha@gmail.com
First Name Last Name Job Title Company E-mail Address Certificate Name 58 Samatar Ibrahim Standard procedure manager Djibouti Intl airport samatar.ibrahim@aeroport‐jib.aerp 59 Nkadi Nkiru Jane Senior Operations officer FAAN ninkylove@yahoo.com 60 Ukegbu Ebele Airfield Ops FAAN ebeleukegbu@gmail.com 61 Joseph Kabombo Directeur de la securite des aerodromes CAA jokama_kabombo@yahoo.fr 62 Djibo Mahamadou Chef de la division des normes de securite des aerodromes ANAC Niger djibmahamad@yahoo.fr 63 Fatoumata Seybou Ousman Chef du service norme des aerodromes ANAC-Niger fatouseyd.fo@gmail.com 64 Toska Sem Execive NAC semt@airports.com.na 65 Olufemi During Head of Engineering and maintenance SLAA oeduring@yahoo.com 66 Armel Mamouna Directeur Qualite Securite Surete Aeroport du Congo armel.mamouna@aerco‐cg.com 67 Kamaleddin Hammeralwsh Manager of air transport LAA kamalalwash58@gmail.com 68 Ebuhimelsied Alsied Director of air transport LAA yagabrahim@gmail.com 69 Saed Mohmmed Manager airports LAA saood_7483@gmail.com 70 Zeltni Ali Mansou Manager LAA alimz59@yahoo.com 71 Omar Hammad Gindiel Security and ops LAA omar.hgindiel@gmail.com 72 Kouakou Dominique Boussou Chef department PANS-OPS SODEXAM Cote d'Ivoire dominique.boussou@sodexam.ci 73 Adaman Rachid Chef service exploitation technique AANW Niger rachidad666@gmail.com 74 Hima Boubacar Chef unite exploitation et facilitation ASECNA AANN himaboubacar@gmail.com 75 Darnaye-N'zinga Clotaire-Donatien CSSL ASECNA/AANC cddarnaye@yahoo.fr 76 Alexis Zongo Charge securite surete ASECNA/DAAN azongo6@yahoo.fr 77 Hamadu Boubacar Amadou Agent BDP/BIA ASECNA/AANN ama8947@gmail.com 78 Tapily Sékou Sala Cadre AGA Delegation ASECNA Mali Tapilysek@asecna.org 79 Winful Nwi Kojo Pavement Engineer GACL nwi.winful@gacl.com.gh 80 Lamir Mukhtar Hassan Wildlife Hazard Control FAAN lamirmuKhtarhassan@gmail.com
Language:English
Score: 3209163
-
https://www.icao.int/WACAF/Doc...ways/Attendance%20List_GRF.pdf
Data Source: un
Bwana Keating alipotembelea maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa. Picha: UNSOM
Akiwa Somaliland, Bwana Keating alitembelea pia maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa ambako kuna michoro ya kale ya zaidi ya maelfu ya miaka inayoweza kuwa ni kivutio kwa watalii. (...) Bwana Keating alipotembelea maeneo ya miamba na mapango ya Laas Geel iliyoko Kaskazini-Mashariki mwa Hargeisa.
Language:English
Score: 3204790.8
-
https://news.un.org/sw/story/2...eni-badala-ya-kuzozana-keating
Data Source: un
SOLA use examples
Lesotho
The Land Administration Agency Authority (LAA) implemented a Lease Management System in 2014 being a customised version of SOLA Registry. This system supported LAA cadastral and registration processes (including cadastral mapping) as well as lease management processes from lease preparation through to the generation of annual rental notices to leaseholders (through a link with the LAA financial management system).
Language:English
Score: 3197529.7
-
https://www.fao.org/tenure/sola-suite/country-examples/en/
Data Source: un
SOLA use examples
Lesotho
The Land Administration Agency Authority (LAA) implemented a Lease Management System in 2014 being a customised version of SOLA Registry. This system supported LAA cadastral and registration processes (including cadastral mapping) as well as lease management processes from lease preparation through to the generation of annual rental notices to leaseholders (through a link with the LAA financial management system).
Language:English
Score: 3197529.7
-
https://www.fao.org/tenure/sola-suite/country-examples/zh/
Data Source: un
SOLA use examples
Lesotho
The Land Administration Agency Authority (LAA) implemented a Lease Management System in 2014 being a customised version of SOLA Registry. This system supported LAA cadastral and registration processes (including cadastral mapping) as well as lease management processes from lease preparation through to the generation of annual rental notices to leaseholders (through a link with the LAA financial management system).
Language:English
Score: 3197529.7
-
https://www.fao.org/tenure/sola-suite/country-examples/ar/
Data Source: un
