Home

Furthermore, unlike article 1 of the Convention against Torture, which refers to “lawful sanctions”, the note to article 347-1 states that “physical and mental suffering caused as a result of legitimate acts on the part of officials shall not be recognized as torture”. The use of the term “legitimate acts” is of concern because of its vagueness. (...) The Special Rapporteur received complaints that complicated diseases are not treated or that treatment is delayed for long periods; it was also alleged that some doctors, penitentiary and medical staff demanded money for following up on requests for medical treatment, sometimes even regarding serious illnesses. (...) However, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned about the overall highly punitive approach taken to penitentiary policies and practice, including overly long prison terms and the use of regimes that effectively use restrictions on contacts with the outside world as punishment.

Air pollution, fracking, the long-term disposal of high-level radioactive waste, legacy landfills and other issues were brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur during his mission. (...) Finally, there are no requirements to continue monitoring methane emissions after a site is decommissioned, or to conduct long- term monitoring of other gases.26 41. Fracking clearly implicates individuals’ right to information. (...) Recognizing the potentially catastrophic impacts in case of an accident, and set to expand nuclear energy as a “cleaner” alternative to fossil fuels, the Government has committed to establishing a long-term geological disposal facility for higher-activity radioactive waste.

The mission was carried out in the context of follow-up‫to‫the‫Special‫Rapporteur’s‫year-long study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants (A/HRC/23/46), which included a mission to Greece (A/HRC/23/46/Add.4), and of his thematic report on European Union border management (A/HRC/29/36). 2. (...) However, going forward, the country needs a strategic long-term plan to guide all response efforts: one that respects the international obligations of Greece and the human rights of all people in its territory. (...) Greece had to swiftly shift its approach from short-term assistance for persons in transit, with a capacity of less than 2,500 places, to long-term accommodation.‫At‫the‫time‫of‫the,‫visit‫ the‫European‫Union‫provided‫€83‫million‫under‫ the Emergency Assistance Instrument to improve material conditions for migrants and refugees in Greece, with funding made available immediately to UNHCR and NGOs.

http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf ﻟﺍﻁﺎﺸﻨ ICCD/COP(10)/INF.9 GE.11-63210 4 English ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ Term/concept Definition ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ/ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ Accuracy Statistical definition: Accuracy is a general term which describes the degree to which an estimate of a quantity is unaffected by bias due to systematic error. (...) It may also include changes resulting from the project or programme’s output which are relevant to the achievement of outcomes, such as the likely or achieved short-term and medium-term effects. Source: OECD Development Assistance Committee, Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management, 2002. (...) The lasting interest implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise and a significant degree of influence on the management of the enterprise (source: Glossary of Foreign Direct Investment Terms and Definitions, OECD).

Qatar National Vision 20301, launched in November 2008 by the then Heir Apparent, His Highness The Emir Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al-Thani, defines the country’s long-term development outcomes and incorporates sustainability as its underlying principle. (...) It is thus anticipated that these investments will form a strong foundation for Qatar’s long-term sustainable development vision. (...) A human development index of 0.8 or above and a per capita ecological footprint of less than the globally available biocapacity per person (1.8 global hectares per capita) (World Wildlife Fund, 2012) represent minimum requirements for long-term sustainable development that is globally replicable.3 18.

Maori face much higher rates of inadequate housing and homelessness and continue to experience the long-term impact of forced displacement, leading to social and community disintegration. (...) Termination due to “anti-social behaviour” requires sufficient proof of three separate instances of anti-social behaviour within a 90-day period, and all newly concluded fixed-term tenancies will become periodic tenancies at the end of the fixed term, unless the owner and tenant agree otherwise. (...) Lack of adequate social housing supply or State-subsidized housing 51. There is a long tradition of State housing in New Zealand, providing affordable housing of relatively high quality to residents.

The project boundary shall also encompass the vertical and lateral limits of the carbon dioxide geological storage site that are expected when the carbon dioxide plume stabilizes over the long term during the closure phase and the post-closure phase. (...) This step shall utilize numerical dynamic modelling of the injected carbon dioxide using the static model developed in step 2 above to assess coupled processes (i.e. the interaction between each single process in the model), reactive processes (e.g. the interaction of injected carbon dioxide with in situ minerals in the numerical model) and short- and long-term simulations. Such numerical modelling shall be used to provide insight into the pressure and extent of carbon dioxide in the geological storage site over time, the risk of fracturing the cap rock formation(s) and the risk of seepage. (...) This shall comprise an assessment of the safety and integrity of the geological storage site in the short-, medium- and long-term, including an assessment of the risk of seepage under the proposed conditions of use set out in the site development and management plan. 3.

The residential school period continues to cast a long shadow of despair on indigenous communities, and many of the dire social and economic problems faced by aboriginal peoples are linked to that experience. (...) In a positive development, in February 2014, the Government, supported by the Assembly of First Nations, announced Can$ 1.9 billion in additional education funding starting in 2015, including Can$ 500 million for education infrastructure, and a 4.5 per cent annual “escalator” for core funding, to commence in 2016, in place of the long-standing 2 per cent cap on funding increases. (...) In 2012, the federal Government enacted or amended a number of statutes affecting Canada’s indigenous peoples, including the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, the National Energy Board Act, the Fisheries Act, the Navigable Waters Protection Act and the Indian Act, through two “omnibus” budget implementation acts, the Jobs and Growth Act 2012 (Bill C- 45) and the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act (Bill C-38). Despite the vast scope and impact on indigenous nations of the omnibus acts, there was no specific consultation with indigenous peoples concerning them. 48.

Baroness Fiona Hodgson, you are a great friend, we said this at the beginning, and your presence here today, once more signifies that this friendship is long-term, you were with us at the launch of the Group of Friends of Afghanistan and your constant voice for women of Afghanistan, and being a friend to us is extremely beneficial and we are very grateful. (...) S/2020/783 20-10548 7/46 Such a very long, arduous process needs united international support. (...) For our part, the UK believes that a long-term, sustainable peace that Afghans deserve will only be possible if peace negotiations involve Afghan women of all backgrounds, from Kabul to the provinces, at every stage and at every level of the process.

.: General 28 August 2020 Resolution 2540 (2020) Adopted by the Security Council on 28 August 2020 The Security Council, Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the situation in Somalia, Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, and unity of Somalia, and underscoring the importance of working to prevent the destabilising effects of regional disputes from spilling over into Somalia, Expressing serious concern at the ongoing threat posed by Al-Shabaab, as well as the presence of affiliates linked to Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da’esh), condemning the attacks by Al-Shabaab in Somalia and the region, including the attack on 28 December 2019 which killed over 90 people and injured over 140, expressing concern at the increase in the use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), and reiterating its determination to support comprehensive efforts to reduce the threat posed by Al-Shabaab in Somalia, Paying tribute to the bravery and sacrifices made by the Somali security forces and African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and in the fight against Al-Shabaab, commending the contribution of AMISOM to building lasting peace and stability in Somalia, recognising that security provided by AMISOM continues to make a significant contribution, and further recognising the need to make international support for Somali security efforts more efficient and effective, particularly ahead of the Somali security institutions and forces taking the lead on security in 2021, Emphasising the essential role of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) in supporting the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and its Federal Member States (FMS) through the provision of strategic advice and good offices, capacity building, and the coordination of international partners’ support, including with respect to elections support, underscoring that this mandate is complementary to the mandates of AMISOM, the United Nations Country Team and support provided by other international partners, and underlining the importance of coordination among international partners, Expressing its full support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and head of UNSOM, and for the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union S/2020/854 20-11303 3/8 Commission for Somalia and Head of AMISOM, and encouraging efforts to further strengthen relations between the FGS and the United Nations, Welcoming Somalia’s attainment of the decision point under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative on 25 March 2020, further welcoming Somalia’s economic and financial reforms and the development of its ninth National Development Plan which have underpinned this, including FGS-FMS cooperation, and recalling that further collaboration on political, security, development and economic reforms will be essential to meet the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative Completion Point, Emphasising the importance of a comprehensive approach to peacebuilding and sustaining peace in Somalia, particularly through the prevention of conflict, addressing root causes at all stages of conflict, and undertaking political, economic and security reforms, and promoting social development, Further welcoming commitments made by Somali stakeholders at the 2019 Somalia Partnership Forum to accelerate security sector, economic and political reforms, in particular commitments to deepen federalism and conduct elections in 2020/2021 that are free, fair, credible and, welcoming also recent dialogue between the FGS and FMS, reiterating that elections, which are to be held in 2020/2021, should be transparent and inclusive, held in accordance with the Provisional Federal Constitution of Somalia and taking fully into account the recommendations of the National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) and relevant parliamentary legislation, and be underpinned by broad based consensus involving all relevant stakeholders including the FGS, FMS and Parliament, underscoring the importance of a timely and inclusive electoral process for Somalia’s political stability, and further reiterating its expectation that future elections in Somalia ensure the representation of all Somalis, in line with long-standing commitments to conduct one- person-one-vote elections, Welcoming progress made in recent meetings between the FGS and FMS, emphasising the urgency of full cooperation between the FGS and all FMS, noting the responsibilities of all parties to improve cooperation and engage in discussions led by the FGS in Dhusamareb, and underlining of the importance of cooperation and consensus for further progress on key national priorities, including the implementation of the National Security Architecture, agreement on a federated justice system, power and resource-sharing, the constitutional review, fiscal federalism, and the planning and holding of national elections, Welcoming also the enactment in February 2020 of the Electoral Law, which represents a significant step forward, and the resolution of key outstanding issues by the Somali Federal Parliament, in collaboration with the NIEC, including the definition of constituencies, allocation of seats to constituencies, implementation of the 30 percent quota of seats for women to which Somalia has committed and representation of Benadir and “Somaliland”, and noting the importance of timely donor support once an implementable, affordable and democratic electoral model has been agreed, Further reaffirming the importance of inclusive politics and democratic elections in ensuring long-term peace and stability in Somalia, underlining the need for swift implementation of the jointly agreed Mutual Accountability Framework, including the political, economic and security milestones, and recognising that the FGS has the primary responsibility to deliver Somalia’s commitments in close cooperation with FMS, Expressing concern about delays in consolidating Somalia’s federal system and underscoring the importance of progress on key priorities, including power and resource- sharing, shared responsibilities for security, the constitutional review and fiscal federalism, all of which require political agreements that can form the basis for legislation in the Federal Parliament, S/2020/854 4/8 20-11303 Recognising reconciliation efforts in Galmudug, reaffirming the importance of continued peace and reconciliation in Jubaland, underlining the importance of dialogue and local reconciliation processes to stability in Somalia, and further reaffirming the importance of leadership from the FGS and engagement by the FMS in de-escalating tensions and engaging in constructive dialogue, Welcoming the direct talks between the leaders of Somalia and “Somaliland” in Djibouti from June 12-15, and encouraging additional technical and political discussions between the parties to build confidence and strengthen political coordination, Welcoming an increased focus on the need to revitalise the high-level meetings of the Comprehensive Approach to Security through the newly established Security and Justice Committee progress on security sector reforms, including on electronic payment of the security forces, human resource management, progress in implementing the New Police Model, and initial progress in conducting operations against Al-Shabaab in Lower Shabelle, expressing its concern that there have been further delays to the implementation of the National Security Architecture, the delivery of the Somali-led Transition Plan, which the FGS has committed to updating by the end of September 2020, the generation of able, affordable, accountable and Somali forces, and the integration of regional forces in the federal armed forces, further expressing concern over the implications of the lack of political dialogue and rising tensions between the FGS and some of the FMS in delaying a range of security reforms, and underlining the need to accelerate implementation of security sector reforms, Reiterating the need for coordinated engagement among all actors towards transition to Somali security leadership during 2021, in line with resolution 2520 (2020), the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Strategic Concept of Operations 2018–2021, and the aims set out in the Somali-led Transition Plan, and emphasising in this regard the importance of the independent assessment with a view to presenting options to the Security Council on international engagement in security arrangements in Somalia post-2021, including the role of the UN, in particular that of UNSOM, AU and international partners, as mandated in its resolution 2520 (2020), and the need for inclusive discussions with all relevant actors, Expressing grave concern at ongoing humanitarian crises in Somalia as a result of the protracted conflict and recurring events including drought, flooding and the locust infestation, recognising that the COVID-19 pandemic presents an additional and profound challenge to Somalia’s health system, socio-economic and humanitarian situation, as well as social cohesion due to increased stigmatisation, expressing further concern at the number of Somali refugees and increasing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), as well as their increasing humanitarian and protection needs, welcoming the FGS’s recent ratification of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Africa (the Kampala Convention), calling on the FGS to fully implement its provisions and to make progress on its commitment to deliver durable solutions for displaced persons in Somalia, reaffirming its strong condemnation of the deliberate targeting of civilians, including humanitarian personnel, and civilian objects in situations of armed conflict, as well as the indiscriminate use of weapons in populated areas and their consequences for the civilian population, calling upon all parties to the conflict in Somalia to refrain from such practices in accordance with their obligations under international law, welcoming the efforts by the FGS, FMS, the United Nations, and the response and generous support by donors, encouraging further cooperation with international and national humanitarian actors to relieve immediate need, and underlining the need for greater and diverse investment in resilience, including for IDPs, in order to reduce long term need and support Somalia to achieve sustainable development, Condemning continued violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, expressing deep concern in particular at violations and abuses committed against children and those involving sexual and gender-based violence in conflict S/2020/854 20-11303 5/8 and post-conflict situations, recognising that women and girls are disproportionately affected by these violations and abuses in Somalia, recalling the 2020 Conclusions on Children and Armed Conflict (S/2020/174), resolution 1325 (2000) and all subsequent resolutions on Women, Peace and Security, encouraging the swift enactment of the Somali Child Rights Act, underscoring the need to respect, protect and promote human rights, end impunity, and hold accountable those responsible for violations or abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, and reaffirming its support for the United Nations’ zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, Recalling resolution 2532 (2020) demanding a general and immediate cessation of hostilities in all situations on the Council’s agenda, as well as calling upon all parties to armed conflicts to engage immediately in a durable humanitarian pause for at least 90 consecutive days, in order to enable the safe, timely, unhindered and sustained delivery of humanitarian assistance in accordance with the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, Expressing deep concern about the serious humanitarian threat posed to civilians by landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW) and IEDs in Somalia, which causes serious social and economic consequences for the population of Somalia, and of personnel participating in law enforcement, humanitarian, peacekeeping, rehabilitation and clearance programmes and operations, recognising that mine action contributes to the protection of civilians and supports stabilization and peacebuilding efforts, and underlining the need to accelerate capacity-building measures that aim to strengthen capacities to mitigate against the threat of landmines, ERW and IEDs in Somalia, Further recognising the adverse effects of climate change, other ecological changes, natural disasters, among other factors, on the stability of Somalia, including through drought, desertification, land degradation and food insecurity, and recalling its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2011/15, 1. (...) Further decides that UNSOM should continue to coordinate UN efforts, in full cooperation with the FGS and FMS, with a particular focus on the following tasks: (a) provide support to the FGS and the FMS to accelerate Somali Government-led, inclusive politics, and reach political agreement, in order to deliver shared political and security commitments, through inclusive regular high-level dialogue at all levels between the FGS and all FMS; S/2020/854 6/8 20-11303 (b) provide support to efforts undertaken by the FGS and the FMS to pursue inter- and intra-clan reconciliation at the local, regional and national level, including efforts in Galmudug and Jubaland, as the basis for long-term stability in Somalia, and provide support to efforts to strengthen the dialogue between the FGS and “Somaliland”; (c) provide support, through the exercise of its good offices and through technical, operational and logistical assistance to the FGS, the Somali Parliament, the NIEC, and any other stakeholders with an agreed role in election delivery, in collaboration with UNSOS, for the delivery of elections which are free, fair, timely, peaceful, transparent, credible and inclusive, incorporating a direct voting component enabling as many citizens as possible to vote in 2020/2021, in accordance with the Provisional Federal Constitution of Somalia, and taking fully into account the perspectives of relevant stakeholders, with a particular focus on supporting the NIEC at national level and in the FMS, along with local stakeholders to fulfil its independent constitutional mandate to implement elections as agreed by relevant stakeholders, continue to support efforts to make progress towards the objective of universal elections, and support strengthened coordination of international electoral support to Somalia; (d) provide technical advice and capacity-building to support the FGS in its efforts to enable the full, equal and meaningful participation of all Somalis, including women, youth, minority clans, persons with disabilities, IDPs and Somali refugees in reconciliation efforts, conflict resolution, peacebuilding and elections, including supporting Somali commitments to ensure that women fill at least 30 percent of the seats in both Houses of Parliament, and increasing participation and empowerment of women, minority communities and other marginalised groups at all decision-making levels; (e) provide support to the FGS and the FMS to accelerate implementation of key security sector reforms, in conjunction with international partners, AMISOM and UNSOS, including a coherent National Security Architecture with a military and civilian component, delivery of the Somali-led Transition Plan, agreement on a federated justice and corrections model, the establishment and strengthening of effective, accountable and constitutional rule of law institutions; (f) provide coordination and strategic advice to improve the operation of the Comprehensive Approach to Security and collaboration between the FGS and international partners, as agreed in the Security Pact at the 2017 London Somalia Conference; (g) provide support to United Nations entities to ensure system-wide implementation of the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy across all United Nations support to AMISOM and the Somali security sector, to include a strong focus on strengthening engagement with the Government, including on implementation of mitigation, compliance and accountability measures; (h) provide technical advice and capacity-building support to the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission and to the FGS, in particular the Ministry for Women and Human Rights Development, to promote and protect human rights in Somalia, including to protect women and girls from sexual and gender based violence, to promote accountability for human rights violations and abuses, including through working with civil society, reinforcing and aligning human rights efforts across security-related and humanitarian agendas, and monitor and include information on the human rights situation in the Secretary-General’s reporting in accordance with paragraph 16; (i) provide support, within its mandate and existing resources, to the FGS in the implementation of the 2019 Mutual Accountability Framework (MAF) for Somalia; (j) provide support to the FGS to implement Somalia’s National Strategy and Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, in order to strengthen Somalia’s capacity to prevent and counter terrorism, including Somalia’s capacity to address S/2020/854 20-11303 7/8 conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism, in compliance with Somalia’s obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law and international refugee law, and provide support to Somalia’s efforts to become a state party to the international counter-terrorism conventions and protocols; (k) provide support and strategic policy advice to bolster the FGS’s ability to deliver services and attract investment, and help the FGS to establish frameworks for managing resources and power sharing, in order to enable Somalia to strengthen revenue mobilisation, resource allocation, budget execution, and anti-corruption measures, as set out in the New Partnership for Somalia; (l) support Somalia’s efforts to advance 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, working closely with the United Nations Country Team, provide strategic advice to institutional capacity building in line with the Somalia National Development Plan, collaborate with the international financial institutions to support the mobilisation of economic and development assistance, and ensure effective and integrated cooperation of United Nations agencies, funds and programmes and promote cooperation with relevant partners, with a view to making maximum use of development financing in Somalia, including in response to flooding, locusts and the COVID-19 pandemic; 6.