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Charter of Rights for People in Need of Long Term Care and Assistance....................................... 36 3.

The core of the system is the long-term care allowance, which is a social right in Austria. (...) In 2013, around 5 per cent of Austria’s population received long-term care benefits. The introduction of the long-term care allowance was an important step towards enabling older persons to remain at home as long as possible and to lead independent lives. 67. (...) On 1 January 2012, a comprehensive reform of long-term care benefits entered into force. The reform led to the takeover of the long-term care benefits of the Länder in the legislation and execution at federal level.

FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/MISC.5/Add.2 (Part II) GE.08-71379 10 December 2008 ENGLISH/RUSSIAN/SPANISH ONLY UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON LONG-TERM COOPERATIVE ACTION UNDER THE CONVENTION Fourth session Poznan, 1–10 December 2008 Agenda item 3 (a-e) Enabling the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action now, up to and beyond 2012, by addressing, inter alia: A shared vision for long-term cooperative action Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change Enhanced action on adaptation Enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation Ideas and proposals on the elements contained in paragraph 1 of the Bali Action Plan Submissions from Parties Addendum Part II CONTENTS (continued from part I) Page 16. (...) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Technology Transfer Framework and Modality under the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action .................................................................................... 63 (Submission received 6 December 2008) 32. (...) These efforts should be encapsulated by specific long-term and mid-term global goals that firmly based on the available and most updated scientific findings and recommendations, particularly the AR-4 of IPCC, on the basis of equity and in accordance with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.

A shared vision, including a long-term global goal............................................... 44 B. (...) Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD) ............................................................................... 66 C. Shared vision for long-term cooperative action including a long term goal for emission reductions.................................................................................. 70 D. (...) Mid-term targets and deeper long-term commitments for all developed countries, accompanied by a sound approach to enabling and ensuring compliance, are critical factors to achieve necessary global emission reduction.

In keeping with the COP 14 decision that requested the GEF to consider the long-term implementation of the strategic program on technology transfer, the GEF has identified technology transfer as a longer-term priority in the climate change focal area for GEF-5 programming. (...) In response to decision 2/CP.14, the GEF submitted a Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer to COP 16. (...) Under SCCF-A, more than 50 per cent of projects focus explicitly on technology transfer. 33. The progress made in Long-Term Program implementation was reported to COP 17.

The main message of the report is that the expediency of short-term economic efficiency as embedded in much of the advice on macroeconomic stability needs to be tempered by long-term development objectives. (...) However, most of the determinants of growth and equity are long-term in nature, and in this arena they also have common elements. (...) Public investment in the human capital of the poor can be an efficient way to reduce income inequality over the long run, while social protection has short- as well as long-term effects on equity.

However, quarantining the Scheme from carbon trading may remove some of the incentives to fraud the system or to gain carbon credits where no real and long term climate benefits are achieved. Hopefully it will provide the necessary incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (...) - 19 - Strategies to Address Underlying Causes Feasibility Emissions displacement (leakage) Short and long term effectiveness (permanence) Potential as a credit exchange project (e.g. (...) CDM-like project) Potential as funded activity other than through credit exchange Environmental or social effects Overall effectiveness with respect to CO2 changes in atmosphere Establish education programs on the connection between population increase, land use and resource issues Possible to include in school curriculum If overall reduction in population then local leakage may be addressed Education priorities may change Not feasible as project due to long term outcomes and indirect benefits Potential ODA and NGO funded activity Likely to have environmental benefits but may face cultural or religious resistance Limited effectiveness Expand family planning education programmes Possible but may face resistance from certain cultural or religious groups If overall reduction in population then local leakage may be addressed Very long term benefit if effectively undertaken Not feasible as project due to long term outcomes and indirect benefits Potential ODA and NGO funded activity Likely to have environmental benefits but may face cultural or religious resistance Potential long term benefits Develop and implements appropriate/acceptable farming systems, agroforestry Possible but economic viability would need to be assured Limited leakage unless people displaced Potential short to medium term benefits if viability shown Potential to develop as project though baseline may be difficult Potential ODA and NGO funded activity Potential positive environmental and social effects Potential atmospheric benefits if long term viability assured Undertake strategic valuation and assessment of forest values (timber, watershed, gene pool) Complex process, would face resistance from logging companies Leakage highly likely if deforestation due to timber trade Economic circumstances may change Not fe

PREPARATION OF AN OUTCOME TO BE PRESENTED TO THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES FOR ADOPTION AT ITS 16TH SESSION TO ENABLE THE FULL, EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION THROUGH LONG-TERM COOPERATIVE ACTION NOW, UP TO AND BEYOND 2012 : SUBMISSIONS FROM PARTIES

New legislation on long-term care and long-term insurance has been under preparation since 2005, but has still not been enacted. (...) Long-term care and health care are regulated under different legislation and financed by different stakeholders. (...) The Independent Expert was informed that the long-term care and long-term care insurance act under preparation gives special attention to the education of long-term care providers and introduces a special chapter on quality assurance.

A perspective of sustainable development is also essential in the new visions and concepts on which a long-term, effective framework is constructed. (...) Sustained and strengthened efforts with a long term perspective are indispensable for the realization of the ultimate objective of the Convention. (...) There is now wide recognition of the need for climate change policy frameworks to provide long- term guidance and investment certainty. 4.