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General overview ......................................................................................... 5–10 4 III. Climate change and natural disasters............................................................ 11–19 5 IV. (...) Soft engineering solutions, like the rehabilitation of mangroves or other natural barriers to flooding, can, in many cases, be sustainable and make islands more resilient to sea movements, without the need for costly and heavy building works. 18. (...) While land reclamation may be considered as a possible solution to land scarcity it may also have a negative impact on the reefs and other natural features of the islands, thus reducing their natural resilience and increasing their vulnerability to natural disasters.

This step of Armenia is aimed at strengthening the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and the adjacent regions of Azerbaijan by the aggressor country, and it may also serve to purposefully changing the demographic situation, continue illegal settlement, robbery, exploitation and transportation of natural resources in these territories. The report of the Foreign Ministry of Azerbaijan on “Illegal economic and other activities in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan” prepared in 2016, as well as the report of 2019 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and “Azercosmos” OJSC, containing the satellite images of illegal activities of Armenia in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, presented enough evidences of illegal activities carried out by the occupying country. These data indicate that illegal transportation of natural resources is carried out along the occupied part of the international border between Azerbaijan and Armenia, and that Armenia plays the role of a transport point for transporting products illegally produced in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, as well as natural resources from these territories to international markets.

In flagrant violation of Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, it’s appropriate laws and the norms and principles of international law, individuals or companies in transactions with Armenia, its organs, natural and legal persons as well as with its subordinate separatist regime in relation to the Nagorno-Karabakh region and other occupied territories of Azerbaijan run risk of facing appropriate legal proceedings, including in the form of administrative or criminal prosecution. Under international law such activities in the occupied territories may be qualified as war crimes that entail criminal liability. Additionally, the natural and legal persons also in breach of corporate social responsibility and business ethics code, contribute to the continuation of Armenia’s occupation against Azerbaijan and violation of fundamental rights, including rights of return and rights of property of million more Azerbaijani internally displaced persons who were subject of ethnic cleansing. (...) In accordance with their obligations under the international law all States shall do all necessary to refrain their natural and legal persons from unlawful visits to and other activities in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan and prohibit export of any products produced in these areas to their markets.

The Special Rapporteur welcomes the adoption of policies aimed at giving powers to communities with regard to resource management, in particular through the Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programme. Adopted in 1989, community-based nat- ural resource management is an approach to conservation and development that recognizes the rights of local people to manage and benefit from the use of the natural resources of their land. (...) The hills are home to two communities who live in neighbouring villages: the Ju|’hoansi San (about 50 people) and the Hambukushu (about 160 people). __________________ 33 Botswana, Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Community-based Natural Resources Managment in Botswana, Practitioners’ Manual (2010), p. iv. 34 “The future of CBNRM in a changing environment”, Proceedings of the Fifth National Community-based Natural Resource Management Conference, held in February 2010, p. 19. (...) The Okavango Delta has been on the UNESCO list as a natural World Heritage Site since June 2014, representing a great success for Botswana.

The Special Rapporteur’s main concerns .................................................... 20–78 7 A. Land tenure and natural resources ....................................................... 21–50 7 B. (...) At the same time, gaps and some confusion still remain regarding the division of powers in terms of the exploitation and management of natural resources in Argentina. (a) Effects on the rights of indigenous peoples 38. (...) Indigenous communities’ limited access to land and natural resources in Argentina contributes to their lack of access to basic services.

The Report is framed around the following questions and provides comprehensive answers to them: 1) Legal consequences of the involvement, directly or indirectly/by action or inaction, of third States, as well as natural and legal persons within their jurisdiction in the following economic and other activities in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, arising from general international law, international humanitarian law, the European Union legislation, the European Convention on Human Rights and other applicable legal norms:  Establishment of settlements/encouraging transfer of Armenian population into the occupied territories;  Looting, exploitation of and trade in assets, natural resources and other forms of wealth in the occupied territories;  Exploitation of water and agricultural resources;  Providing products, investments, technology, heavy machinery and services facilitating economic activities;  Establishing enterprises, creating joint ventures or conducting any other business in or with entities in the occupied territories;  Providing assistance, sponsoring or providing financial, material or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, any economic activity in the occupied territories;  Import and selling of any goods, including settlement produce, services or technology originating in the occupied territories or which underwent last substantial transformation there;  Exportation, re-exportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, from States or by their natural and legal persons, wherever located, of any goods, services, or technology to the occupied territories or to Armenia and its natural and legal persons, which is transferred to and used in the occupied territories;  Provision, directly or indirectly, of banking services, including financing or financial assistance, as well as insurance and reinsurance related to the imports and exports of goods and services to/from the occupied territories;  Making funds, financial loans, credits and other economic resources, directly or indirectly, available for the benefit of the natural or legal persons operating in the occupied territories or available for any investment activity there by natural and legal persons or by any other foreign entity, international organization and financial institution;  Permanent economic, social and transport infrastructure changes;  Exploitation of Azerbaijan's fixed and cellular radio-telecommunication networks and radio frequencies in the occupied territories;  Cutting of rare species of trees, timber exporting and other damage to the environment;  Archaeological excavations, embezzlement of artefacts, altering of cultural character of the occupied territories;  Promoting the occupied territories as 'tourist destination' and encouraging/organizing illegal visits to/from these territories;  Other activities. 2) Obligations of States regarding the activities listed above in their territories, including measures that might be taken to ensure the compliance with those obligations. __________________ 2 The current text is the short version of the Report. (...) A/71/880 S/2017/316 17-06732 5/57 3) Measures that might be taken to institute legal proceedings against natural and legal persons in the States of their jurisdiction for involving in and profiteering from illegal activities in the occupied territories of Azerbai- jan. 4) Measures which should be taken by States concerning the entry in their territories of the leaders and other agents of the separatist regime established by Armenia in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan. 2. (...) All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law.

If the Party included in Annex I selected its forest definition for the first commitment period, the definition for the second commitment period shall be the same; (g) The identification of its election of activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol for inclusion in its accounting for the second commitment period, in addition to those activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol that were elected in the first commitment period, together with information on how its national system under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol will identify land areas associated with all additional elected activities and how the Party ensures that land that was accounted for under activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period continues to be accounted for in subsequent commitment periods, in accordance with decisions 16/CMP.1 and 2/CMP.7; (h) The identification of whether, for each activity under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, it intends to account annually or for the entire commitment period; (i) The forest management reference level as inscribed in the appendix to the annex to decision 2/CMP.7, any technical corrections as contained in the inventory report for the first year of the second commitment period and references to those sections in the national inventory report where such information is reported consistent with the requirements of decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 14;1 (j) Information on how emissions from harvested wood products originating from forests prior to the start of the second commitment period have been calculated in the reference level in accordance with decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 16; (k) An indication of whether it intends to apply the provisions to exclude emissions from natural disturbances for the accounting for afforestation and reforestation under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Kyoto Protocol and/or forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol during the second commitment period in accordance with decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 33, and any relevant supplementary methodological guidance developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and adopted by the CMP and the COP, including: (i) Country-specific information on the background level of emissions associated with annual natural disturbances that have been included in its forest management reference level; (ii) Information on how the background level(s) for afforestation and reforestation under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Kyoto Protocol and/or forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol have been estimated, and information on how it avoids the expectation of net credits or net debits during the commitment period, including information on how a margin is established, if a margin is needed; 1 Parties shall include the submission pursuant to decision 2/CMP.6, paragraph 4, and the corresponding technical assessment report pursuant to decision 2/CMP.6, paragraph 5, as annexes to the report. (...) Once land is accounted for under activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, or any elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, reporting shall continue throughout subsequent and contiguous commitment periods; (e) Information on which, if any, of the following pools – above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood and/or soil organic carbon – were not accounted for, together with verifiable information that demonstrates that these unaccounted pools were not a net source of anthropogenic GHG emissions; (f) When a Party applies the provisions for natural disturbances to its accounting in the second commitment period, information demonstrating that emissions from natural disturbances in any single year exceed the background level(s), including a margin, where a margin is needed pursuant to decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 33. For this purpose, a Party shall, inter alia, include information in accordance with decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraphs 33 and 34: (i) Showing that all lands subject to the exclusion due to natural disturbances are identified, including their georeferenced location, year and types of disturbances; (ii) Showing how annual emissions resulting from natural disturbances and the subsequent removals during the commitment period in those areas are estimated and excluded from the accounting; (iii) Showing that no land-use change has occurred on lands for which the provisions contained in decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 33, are applied and explaining the methods and criteria for identifying any future land-use changes on those land areas during the second commitment period; (iv) Demonstrating that the events or circumstances were beyond the control of, and not materially influenced by, the Party in the commitment period, by demonstrating practicable efforts to prevent, manage or control the events or circumstances that led to the application of the provisions contained in decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 33; (v) Demonstrating efforts taken to rehabilitate, where practicable, the land for which the provisions contained in decision 2/CMP.7, annex, paragraph 33, are applied; FCCC/KP/CMP/2012/L.4 10 GE.12-71244 (vi) Showing that emissions associated with salvage logging were not excluded from accounting.

We commend consistent post-conflict humanitarian efforts by the Government of Azerbaijan aimed at reviving and restoring conflict-affected cultural, religious and natural heritage of Azerbaijan, rebuilding infrastructure; 3. (...) Whilst strongly advocating for the peaceful relations among nations, highlighting the importance of protection of cultural, religious and natural heritage and reaffirming the commitment to respective goals of the UN Agenda 2030, We, the participants of Shusha conference, appeal to the international community, to extend its unequivocal and firm support to humanitarian initiatives of the Government of Azerbaijan in post-conflict period, aimed at A/HRC/50/G/10 GE.22-12838 3 restoring destructed historical monuments and infrastructures, reviving culture and heritage. In this context, we encourage the international community to assist in confidence building measures, efforts to revitalize cultural, religious and natural heritage and promote successful models of post-conflict reconciliation.