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Under the Law, a financial intelligence unit was also established, as was the agency in charge of supervision and regulation of non-financial entities, such as the Colón Free Zone, money transfer companies, the national lottery, money exchange companies, casinos, real estate and building companies and precious stone sellers. 28. (...) The Independent Expert wishes to highlight some positive financial reforms and measures that were taken: the introduction of new obstacles to corporate shares issued to bearer, the establishment of an obligation for companies to keep accounting books of offshore transactions, the reinforcement of due-diligence requirements on resident agents to identify the real owners of the corporate vehicles for which they provide services, and the regulation and supervision of non-financial actors, such as casinos, Colón Free Zone, accounting and legal firms and real estate, which are now obliged to report suspicious transactions. 42.

With limited or no supervision from parents or guardians, children spend more time online making them more exposed to online child sexual predators. (...) The worsening economic situation may have pushed adults to resort to peddling children to sexual predators online “due to the lucrative nature of these activities.”2 Online sexual predators, on the other hand, are taking advantage of the situation to exploit more children to satisfy their disturbing sexual obsessions.3 (d) The Commission received reports of an “alarming prevalence” of online sexual harassment against women and girls. (...) See also International Justice Mission, Online Exploitation of Children in the Philippines: Analysis and Recommendations for Governments, Industry and Civil Society, available at https://www.ijm.org/documents/Final-Public-Full-Report- 5_20_2020.pdf (last accessed 12 February 2021). 5 Krissy Aguilar, Online sexual harassment on the rise, says CHR, INQUIRER.NET, 22 April 2020, available at https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1262739/fwd-chr-make-internet-a-safer-place-for-women- as-online-sexual-harassment-rise (last accessed 12 February 2021).

Available at http://passthrough.fw- notify.net/download/450905/http://planipolis.iiep .unesco.org/upload/Malaysia/Malaysia_Blueprint.pdf (accessed 22 April 2016). 22 The Star Online, ‘Budget 2016 revision: full text of PM’s speech’, The Star Online, 28 January 2016, http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/28/budget-2016-revision-full-text-of-speech/ (accessed 22 April 2016). (...) In spite of Malaysia’s accession to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography in 2012, there are currently no specific penal laws in Malaysia to address holistically the issue of child pornography. 29 The Borneo Post Online, ‘PM: Malaysia on right track to achieve 55 pct women labour participation’, The Borneo Post Online, 9 May 2015, http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/09/pm-malaysia-on- right-track-to-achieve-55-pct-women-labour-participation/ (accessed 22 April 2016). 30 The Borneo Post Online, ‘3,343 domestic violence cases reported in first eight months of this year – Rohani’, The Borneo Post Online, 2 October 2015, http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/02/3343- domestic-violence-cases-reported-in-first-eight-months-of-this-year-rohani/ (accessed 22 April 2016). (...) In February 2015, the Government adopted a Plan of Action on Child Online Protection with a view to providing greater protection to children against the potential threats and dangers arising from their activities in cyberspace.31 44.

Despite the fact that blocking and deleting measures taken by a public and private partnership (see para. 42 below) have made accessing child abuse material online more difficult, keyword searches for “elementary school idol” and “junior idol” on an online search engine can easily result in access to child pornography. 15. (...) In recent years, law enforcement bodies have increased their efforts to combat the online sexual exploitation of children, in particular, the online dissemination of child abuse material. (...) Combating the sexual exploitation of children online: role of the business sector 42. The Special Rapporteur commends the important role played by the business sector in Japan in combating online child sexual exploitation.

Similarly, according to a 2013 survey conducted by the Ombudsman on online child abuse, only a small number of cases were reported to the competent authorities. (...) More recently, the lockdown imposed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, when children had to resort to remote learning, increased their exposure to the risks of online sexual exploitation and grooming.18 Reported cases of online child sexual abuse and exploitation have been on the rise since that time. (...) During their discussions, she learned that there is a lack of data on children exposed to online crimes and that among the difficulties associated with acquiring accurate data was the fact that children may not be aware of the nature of offences related to online child sexual abuse or they may not have the courage to speak up when they encounter a problem online. 28.

Daniels further insisted on the importance of distinguishing between different dynamics in the spread of hateful ideology online, namely the dynamic of being inspired to violent action, the dynamic of being recruited into a social movement organization, and the dynamic of encountering white supremacist content online. (...) By creating a reverberating feedback loop that systematically spreads white supremacy propaganda through social media, algorithms have become a key feature of the way racism spreads online. In addition, the social media platforms have made easier targeted abuse online by white supremacists. (...) The representative of Angola raised concerns about the rapid spread of racial content online and the lack of effective measures to prevent it and inquired about what States must undertake to address collectively the spread of White Supremacist ideology online. 31.

K1501982 240815 联合国 SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.11/2 关于持久性有机污染物的 斯德哥尔摩公约 Distr.: General 29 June 2015 Chinese Original:

K1503774 180116 联合国 SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.11/10/Add.1 关于持久性有机污染物的 斯德哥尔摩公约 Distr.: General 23 November 2015 Chinese Original: English

Online article regarding alleged chemical attack: https://sana.sy/en/? (...) Online article regarding alleged chemical attack: http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/0803/c90777- 9094415.html 48. (...) Online article regarding alleged chemical attack: http://www.policemc.gov.bh/mcms-lib/controls/scroller.aspx?