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Select Basket of commodities and compile weights 2. Compile Food Loss Percentages 3. Compare Food Losses over time 17 Food Loss Index Indicator 12.3.1 – Loss percentages • Step 1: loss percentages of each commodity at country level • Percentage losses versus total losses • 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 is the loss percentage (estimated or observed) • Where: j = commodity, i = country, t = year 18 Step 2: Compile the Food Loss Percentage (FLP) of the whole basket of commodities at country level: 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = ∑𝑗𝑗 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 ∗ (𝑞𝑞0∗ 𝑝𝑝0) ∑𝑗𝑗(𝑞𝑞0∗ 𝑝𝑝0) • The FLP is composed of several commodities • The FLP is the average loss of these commodities • Not all commodities have the same importance - weights 19 Indicator 12.3.1 - Countries’ Food Loss Percentages (FLI) Economic weights Step 3 : Calculate the country Food Loss Index 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖0 ∗ 100 • Where: • i = country, t = year • t0 is the base year (set at 2005 for the moment) • 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 is the country Food Loss Percentage • The country FLI shows the change in the food loss percentage over time (compared to a base period) 20 Indicator 12.3.1 - Countries’ Food Loss Index (FLI) Countries’ FLI must be aggregated for SDG monitoring by regions and for the world 𝐺𝐺𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 = ∑𝑖𝑖=1 𝐺𝐺 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖∗𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 ∑𝑖𝑖=1 𝐺𝐺 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 *100 • Where: • 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 are the country weights equal to the total agricultural value of production 21 Indicator 12.3.1 - Global Food Loss Index (GFLI) Country FLI must be aggregated for SDG monitoring by regions and for the world 𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖 = ∑𝑖𝑖=1 𝑅𝑅 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖∗𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 ∑𝑖𝑖=1 𝑅𝑅 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 *100 • Where: • i = countries in region R • 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 are the country weights equal to the total agricultural value of production in the base year 22 Indicator 12.3.1 – Regional Food Loss Index (GFLI) FLP Harvest Farm Transport Storage Wholesale Processing Harvest Farm Transport Storage Wholesale Processing Harvest Farm Transport Storage Wholesale Processing Harvest Farm Transport Storage Wholesale Processing Losses are estimated in each stage of each commodity’s supply chain. Different methods and tools can be used in the estimation Nationally Representative Loss percentages (lijt) by commodity 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 Weighted Aggregation by economic value of all commodities in the country basket => FLP Aims at national loss figures Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 … 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = ∑𝑗𝑗 𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 ∗ 𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑖𝑖=0 ∑𝑗𝑗(𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑖𝑖=0) Percentage losses versus total losses reduce the noise of bumper/short crop dynamics FLP FLI - Underlying data: compiling the Food Loss Index 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 FLP FLP FLP FLP FLP FLP 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛 (𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒) = 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖(𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒) 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖 (𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒𝐵𝐵𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒) ∗ 100 FLI FLI FLI FLI FLI FLIFLI = 100 Building the Index Hidden Challenges • Choosing the Base Year • Selecting the Basket of Commodities • Compiling the Weights • Collecting data and estimating losses at national level for each commodity across time Choosing the base year • We used the year 2005 for methodological development • 2015 is the first year of SDG monitoring process • Different baseline years • Need to interpolate (model) loss percentages in the baseline year and in a common reporting year Selecting the Basket of Commodities • Setting a common basket of goods for global monitoring is a challenge: • the same commodities are not relevant for all countries • loss statistics cannot cover the entire basket • Trade-off between relevance at country level and comparability across countries Comparability Build the international basket under 5 headings, by selecting two commodities under each: 1. (...) FAO Workshop on: Monitoring SDG 12.3.1 Global Food Loss IndexSeptember 2019 Learning Objectives Governance and Institutional architecture State of Play: SDG 12.3 target and indicators SDG Indicator 12.3.1 - Challenges Boundaries between the FLI and the FWI Definitions Definitions: Conceptual framework Measured Definition of Food Losses Measured Definition of Food Losses Understanding data needs Understanding data needs – Further Focusing Global & Country Food Loss Index FLI - Main principles and methodology Indicator 12.3.1 Indicator 12.3.1 – Loss percentages Slide Number 23 Slide Number 24 Building the Index Hidden Challenges Choosing the base year Selecting the Basket of Commodities Default Basket relevance Choices of Weights Challenge: measuring the loss percentage lijt Slide Number 33 Food Loss Index: based on loss percentages by commodity How to calculate the Food Loss Index?

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Page 50 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 6 – Wireless communica

The SE is de ined as the ratio of the number of infor‑ that discards the NN weight updates of the last epoch mation bits over the number of forward‑channel time‑ if the loss value produced by the NNs with updated frequency resources used for transmission of the corre‑ weights is at least 10 times larger than the loss pro‑ sponding codeword. (...) For each repetition, we record the inal NN weights and the NN weights that produced the smallest loss dur‑ The forward‑channel and feedback‑channel impairments ing training. (...) Starting epoch for codeword‑level weights training 100 Starting epoch for symbol‑level weights training 200 38 © International Telecommunication Union, 2021 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

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UN data helps balance New Year’s weight loss resolutions | | UN News

The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) has published helpful new data from its Doubly Labelled Water (DLW) Database , which provide insights on the effectiveness of exercise to spur weight loss. The results aren’t as straightforward as you may think. “When enrolled into exercise programmes for weight loss, most people lose a little weight, some individuals lose lots, but a few unlucky individuals actually gain weight”, said John Speakman, chair of the DLW Database Management Group and one of the study’s authors. (...) Guidelines for weight loss do not consider the reduction of calories burned through other regular life functions as the body compensates for the calories burned during exercise.

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Score: 1354704.6 - https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/12/1108992

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Title Bold 30pt

Idea of CEM Index Türk Telekom 7 | 8 Idea of CEM Index Türk Telekom 8 This index will have weight for Streaming Media Service, Web Browsing Service, Voice over IP Service and Online Gaming. These weights will be calculated through AHP( Analytic Hierarchy Process) algorithm by considering effect of packet loss, throughput, latency and jitter on each service seperately. Each service will get points according to performance in terms of latency, jitter, packet loss and throughput. Assigning point will be determined by observing whether service is performing below or above the performance target assigned for latency, jitter, packet loss and throughput for each service.

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Score: 1318014.6 - https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/W...PPTs/S9P3_Mehmet_Ozdem_v2.pptx

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Page 76 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 4 – AI and machine lea

., it de ines the set of weights (see Eq. (5))) that repre‑ Although GNNExplainer [17] and Metis [3] are able to sents the impact of each graph edge on the loss func‑ produce quality explainability solutions for a vast range tion of the target GNN. (...) The predictive gle explainability solution can take up to hundreds of sec‑ loss quanti ies how the accuracy of the target GNN ( ) onds in scenarios with topologies between 14 and 24 degrades when weighting the hidden states according to nodes, as shown later in Section 6. (...) Moreover, notice that both entropy and ability methods, which are commonly referred to as ex‑ regularization loss are weighted according to two hyper‑ plainability masks.

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Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document

Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document INVENTORY OF ACCIDENTS & LOSSES Language English Add to cart $16.50IAEAPage Count: 76Inventory of Accidents and Losses at Sea Involving Radioactive MaterialThis publication describes the contents of the inventory of accidents and losses at sea involving radioactive material. (...) Records of radioactive materials involved in accidents, recovered intact from the sea, are also reported. Information on losses of sealed sources resulting in actual or potential release of activity to the marine environment and of sealed sources that were recovered intact is included.IAEA Technical DocumentPrint ISBN: 9789201002013Print Embargo Actual On Sale: Friday, June 6, 2003Print Standing Order: Embargo: NoCreate Print Web Record: 1Actual Weight: 0.47Print Subformat: Paperback perfect boundStart Chargeback: 0 SEVERITY PROBABILITY & RISK Language English Add to cart $16.50IAEAPage Count: 188Severity, Probability and Risk of Accidents during Maritime Transport of Radioactive MaterialThis document represents the final outcome of an International Atomic Energy Agency coordinated research project that studied the fire environment on board ships, as part of research on the severity of accidents in the maritime transport of radioactive material.IAEA Technical DocumentPrint ISBN: 9789201018014Print Embargo Actual On Sale: Friday, June 6, 2003Print Standing Order: Embargo: NoCreate Print Web Record: 1Actual Weight: 1.06Print Subformat: Paperback perfect boundStart Chargeback: 0 RESPONSE TO EVENTS INVOLVING THE Language English Add to cart $16.50IAEAPage Count: 56Response to Events Involving the Inadvertent Movement or Illicit Trafficking of Radioactive MaterialsThis technical document, jointly sponsored by the IAEA, World Customs Organization, INTERPOL and EUROPOL, examines the issue of monitoring for radioactive materials at borders. (...) The emphasis is on operational and tactical response measures.IAEA Technical DocumentPrint ISBN: 9789201162021Print Embargo Actual On Sale: Friday, June 6, 2003Print Standing Order: Embargo: NoCreate Print Web Record: 1Actual Weight: 0.36Print Subformat: Paperback perfect boundStart Chargeback: 0 PREVENTION OF THE INADVERTENT MOVE Language English Add to cart $16.50IAEAPage Count: 28Prevention of the Inadvertent Movement and Illicit Trafficking of Radioactive MaterialsA joint publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Customs Organization, INTERPOL and EUROPOL, this document outlines a typical regulatory framework so that customs, police and other law enforcement staff are aware of the measures being taken to prevent loss of control of radioactive materials.

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Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document

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Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document

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Shop.un.org : Official Source for United Nations Books and More - IAEA Technical Document