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GE.19-12780 (C) 020819 070819  人权理事会 第四十二届会议 2019年 9月 9日至 27日 议程项目 3

The Special Rapporteur is firmly convinced that there is no duplication in adding legal guarantees that protect individuals and groups against attacks or undue interference.

While respecting that the process was ongoing, in her end of mission statement, the Special Rapporteur expressed the hope that all human rights – civil, cultural, economic, political and social – would be fully integrated into the new constitution and that due consideration would be given to adding to the bill of rights a specific right to take part in cultural life without discrimination.

Another problem occurs when the renewal of a permit takes time, adding yet another factor of legal insecurity during the waiting period.

Some of the detainees also stated that they were taken into police custody, and what they thought was a simple interrogation resulted in months of pretrial detention. 61. Adding further concerns to the problems faced by persons who are arrested and placed in pretrial detention, the Working Group was consistently informed of the inequality of power between defence lawyers and prosecutors in criminal proceedings.

A/HRC/41/41/Add.4 8 GE.19-07795 52. According to the ad hoc public report of the Human Rights Defender on the events of July 2016, the existing legislation did not sufficiently regulate the procedures for using special means. 53. (...) Finally, the Special Rapporteur is concerned about proposed amendments to the law on NGOs that, if accepted, could introduce retrogressive changes to the reporting requirements of NGOs by adding unreasonable and disproportionate requirements for associations.11 B.

The more traditional African definitions of older persons correlate with the chronological ages of 50 to 65 years, depending on the setting, the region and the country. Adding to the difficulty of establishing a definition, actual birth dates are quite often unknown because many individuals in Africa do not have an official record of their birth. (...) In 2009, the Government, while not specifically targeting older persons, launched the National Media Campaign on Zero Tolerance for Gender-Based Violence to raise awareness of the concerns, reflect the Government’s aspiration for zero tolerance of such violence and empower service providers and members of the public to prevent, detect and report cases of gender-based violence.26 The Independent Expert noted that the scope of envisaged follow-up campaigns should be extended to raise awareness about the issue of violence against, abuse and maltreatment of older persons.

Initial steps have included the development of a meditation and mind-training module for each grade, adding elements of gross national happiness into the school curriculum by, for example, increasing awareness of the environment in daily lessons and teaching classes on critical thinking and media literacy.

The target has certainly heightened awareness on the issue but of all the MDG targets, it remains one of the most off- track.7 In Indonesia’s MDG Report for example, the Government acknowledged that sanitation was a low priority and the World Bank estimates that less than 1 per cent of the investment in sanitation needed to reach the sanitation target in Indonesia over the last years has been made.8 The poor progress on the target, amongst others, has strengthened calls for increasing a rights focus in the strategies for realisation of the MDG targets.9 Some supporters of the MDGs acknowledged early on that the MDGs framework was deficient in this regard.10 Some emphasise, however, that human rights approaches go further than merely adding extra tools to the development toolbox. A contextualised human rights based approach can also shed light on the underlying causes of development problems; if development is understood as fundamentally a political process then its success remains contingent on the balance of power relations: Instead of focusing on creating an inventory of public goods or services that must be provided and then seeking to fill the deficit via foreign aid, the rights-based approach focuses on trying to identify the critical exclusionary mechanisms.

Many live in regions of high or very high water stress, experience low levels of development, face different socio- environmental conflicts and significant levels of poverty, requiring specific approaches for service provision. Adding to those challenges in recent years has been an economic environment in which government revenues have sharply diminished, in large part due to falling oil prices.