Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2015
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Language:English
Score: 656201.66
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https://www.itu.int/wftp3/Publ..._files/WebSearch/page0002.html
Data Source: un
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• Guidance on how we implement performance- based methods to increase overall operational efficiency & enhance safety
• Fuel saving program to improve operational efficiency and protect the environment
11:06:28
Contents • Pre-flight fuel Planning (Jet & Turbo prop) • Reduced contingency fuel (RCF) • Alternate airports selection
. T/O alternate
. Enroute alternate
. Destination alternate • Inflight fuel management • Fuel monitoring program • Fuel efficiency & environment
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning • Fuel calculation should be based on:
Econ cruise Long-range cruise Or Minimum time Cost index
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning
Considerations before the commencement of the flight are:
Taxi fuel Trip fuel Contingencies Destination alternate fuel Final reserve fuel (Holding fuel) Extra fuel Additional fuel 11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning
Taxi Fuel
• Is planned to cover ground maneuvers from engine start to the beginning of takeoff roll & APU consumption where applicable
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning Trip fuel includes:
• Take off (taking into account the departure procedure)
• Climb fuel • Cruise fuel • Descent fuel • Approach procedure and landing
fuel
Pre- flight fuel planning
Contingency fuel
• It is an amount of fuel, which must be carried to cover unexpected deviations from Planned Operating Conditions.
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning Destination alternate fuel
• Missed approach instead of T/O
• LRC/ECON Cruise Speed Schedule
• Cruise FL depending only on ground
distance Maximum FL 370
• Descent from top of descent to the point
where the approach is initiated 11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning Dest. Alter Cont…..
• Executing an approach & landing at the destination alternate airport.
• If two destination alternates are requited, alternate fuel shall be sufficient to proceed to the alternate which requires the greater amount of alternate fuel
• DIVERSION FUEL MINIMUM 11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning
Final reserve fuel (Holding fuel)
• Fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above the alternate aerodrome under standard temperature conditions.
• Some operators may have minimum holding fuel
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning
Extra fuel
• Extra fuel covers anticipated deviations from the planned operating condition.
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning
Additional fuel
• additional fuel shall be planned by the flight dispatch to achieve the minimum diversion fuel value
11:06:28
Pre- flight fuel planning A turbo propeller powered aircraft
Considerations before the commencement of the flight are:
• Trip fuel to destination
• The most distant alternate airport
• Thereafter, to fly for 45 minutes at normal
cruising fuel consumption. 11:06:28
Reduced contingency fuel (RCF) Planning
• 3% contingency
11:06:28
11:06:28
Alternate airports selection
Take-off alternate aerodromes
En-route alternate aerodromes
Destination alternate aerodrome
Isolation airport
11:06:28
Alternate airports selection Take-off alternate aerodromes
• Two engines, one hour of flight time at a one engine-inoperative cruising speed,
• With three or more engines, two hours of flight time at an all engines operating cruising speed
• Extended diversion time operations (EDTO), to the approved maximum diversion time considering the actual take-off mass.
• 11:06:28
Alternate airports selection
En-route alternate aerodromes
11:06:28
EDTO Alternate Dispatch weather minima
11:06:28
11:06:28
Alternate airports selection
Destination alternate aerodrome Missed approach instead of T/O. LRC/ECON Cruise speed schedule. Cruise FL depending only on ground distance maximum FL
370. Descent from top of descent to the point where the approach is
initiated. Executing an approach & landing at the destination alternate
airport. If two destination alternates are requited, alternate fuel shall be
sufficient to proceed to the alternate which requires the greater amount of alternate fuel.
• 11:06:28
Alternate airports selection
• Isolation airport
11:06:28
Inflight fuel management
MINIMUM FUEL MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, FUEL
11:06:28
Fuel monitoring program • Flight Data Monitoring (FDM)
• Flight Watch System
• Movement Control System
• AIRCRAFT Performance monitoring System
11:06:28
Fuel efficiency & environment
11:06:28
Thank you !!
Language:English
Score: 643015.7
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https://www.icao.int/ESAF/Docu...20-%20Yoseph%20and%20Dawit.pdf
Data Source: un
What are alternative jet fuels?
What are the potential environmental benefits of alternative fuels?
Which alternative fuels can currently be used?
What are the challenges for the development and the deployment of alternative fuels?
(...) Return to Alternative Fuels home page
Alternative Fuels: Questions and Answers
Resume
Page Content
7.
Language:English
Score: 642379.64
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https://www.icao.int/environme.../Pages/AltFuel-IcaoAction.aspx
Data Source: un
Each backup or alternative gatekeeper is indicated by an AltAdress structure. (...) GatekeeperConfirm ::=SEQUENCE --(GCF)
{
requestSeqNum RequestSeqNum,
protocolIdentifier ProtocolIdentifier,
nonStandardData NonStandardParameter OPTIONAL,
gatekeeperIdentifier GatekeeperIdentifier OPTIONAL,
rasAddress TransportAddress,
...,
alternatives SEQUENCE of AltAddress OPTIONAL,
}
alternatives - sequence of prioritised alternatives for gatekeeperIdentifer and rasAddress. (...) AdmissionReject ::=SEQUENCE --(ARJ)
{
requestSeqNum RequestSeqNum,
rejectReason AdmissionRejectReason,
nonStandardData NonStandardParameter OPTIONAL,
...,
alternatives SEQUENCE of AltAddress OPTIONAL,
altIsPermanent BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
}
alternatives - sequence of prioritised alternatives for gatekeeperIdentifer and rasAddress for client to retry the request
altIsPermanent - TRUE if all future RAS signals should be redirected to an address from alternatives, FALSE if only the message that caused the Reject should be redirected.
Language:English
Score: 640899.7
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https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-a...e/1997-2000/9702_Bos/TD-08.doc
Data Source: un
These subjects include:
Developments in research and certification of aviation alternative fuels
the current types of aviation alternative fuels in use at different world airports, and recommendations on how to foster, encourage and support deployment projects foreseen for the near future;
recommendations for encouraging research on new types of aviation alternative fuels, including diversification of pathways and feedstock volume increase for use in aviation alternative fuels production; and
recommendations to support the certification of future pathways.
(...) Challenges and policy making
recommendations for aviation alternative fuel policies, aiming to level the playing field between aviation and other transportation sectors, in terms of policies for the development and deployment of alternative fuels;
recommendations for the financing of alternative fuels projects; the potential generation of emissions units/credits from such projects; and their potential use in CORSIA; and
information on how alternative fuels benefits will be accounted for in CORSIA, as well as the associated sustainability criteria.
Defining the ICAO vision on aviation alternative fuels and future objectives
an ICAO Vision on Aviation Alternative Fuels, will reflect current plans and programmes, and will encourage States to take further action at national and international levels to further develop and deploy sustainable alternative fuels for aviation; and
future steps needed to foster the deployment of alternative fuels for aviation and partnerships.
Language:English
Score: 640214.7
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https://www.icao.int/Meetings/CAAF2/Pages/Agenda.aspx
Data Source: un
Why consider Alternatives Assessment?
Rather than focus on one bad option, we focus on choices and opportunities We move from problems to solutions We assure ourselves that the solutions we are advocating are preferable to the hazards we are replacing We encourage transparency and documentation
Leading firms and governments are already experimenting with alternative assessment tools
Rather than focus on one bad option, we focus on choices and opportunities We move from problems to solutions We assure ourselves that the solutions we are advocating are preferable to the hazards we are replacing We encourage transparency and documentation
Leading firms and governments are already experimenting with alternative assessment tools
Alternatives AssessmentAlternatives Assessment Definition
Alternatives Assessment is a process for identifying and comparing potential chemical and non-chemical alternatives that can be used as substitutes to replace chemicals or technologies of high concern.
(...) Produces a clear, documented and replicable record of option development, comparison and selection May be used to inform existing selection decisions or to inform future design decisions Requires some life cycle perspective
TURI Five Chemicals StudyTURI Five Chemicals Study
2005– Massachusetts Legislative sought a one year Alternatives Assessment on five chemicals of high concern • lead • Perchloroethylene • Formaldehyde • di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate • hexavalent chromium
The goal was to identify and assess the alternatives in terms of cost, performance and health and environmental attributes
2005– Massachusetts Legislative sought a one year Alternatives Assessment on five chemicals of high concern • lead • Perchloroethylene • Formaldehyde • di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate • hexavalent chromium
The goal was to identify and assess the alternatives in terms of cost, performance and health and environmental attributes
Steps in TURI Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study Steps in TURI Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study
Step 1: Identify chemical uses Step 2: Prioritize chemical uses Step 3: Identify full range of alternatives Step 4: Screen alternatives Step 5: Prioritize alternatives for study Step 6: Conduct assessments • technical (performance) • financial (costs) • environmental and health effects
Step 7: Display results
Step 1: Identify chemical uses Step 2: Prioritize chemical uses Step 3: Identify full range of alternatives Step 4: Screen alternatives Step 5: Prioritize alternatives for study Step 6: Conduct assessments • technical (performance) • financial (costs) • environmental and health effects
Step 7: Display results
Opportunities for Alternative Assessment in International Environmental Policy Opportunities for Alternative Assessment in International Environmental Policy
European Union REACH • Requires Alternatives Assessment where
appropriate controls in Authorization considerations cannot be established
Stockholm Convention • Requires Alternatives Assessment for listing new
substances by the POP Review Committee
• Needs an Alternatives Assessment procedure for considering exemptions
European Union REACH • Requires Alternatives Assessment where
appropriate controls in Authorization considerations cannot be established
Stockholm Convention • Requires Alternatives Assessment for listing new
substances by the POP Review Committee
• Needs an Alternatives Assessment procedure for considering exemptions
Six Steps to Developing a Substitution Strategy Six Steps to Developing a Substitution Strategy
1. (...) Swedish “Substitution Principle”
Substitution and Precaution
Substitution and Innovation
Substitutes
Substitution Strategies
Substitution Strategies for decaBDE in televisions housings
Rate of Adoption of Substitutes (after Everett Rogers: Diffusion of Innovations)
Why consider Alternatives Assessment?
Alternatives Assessment
TURI Five Chemicals Study
Steps in TURI Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study
Opportunities for Alternative Assessment in International Environmental Policy
Six Steps to Developing a Substitution Strategy
Six Steps to Developing a Substitution Strategy
Six Steps to Developing a Substitution Strategy
Conclusions
Thank You
Language:English
Score: 640029.05
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https://www.who.int/ifcs/docum...ms/forum6/ppt_subst_geiser.pdf
Data Source: un
PLJ 2002 Pääkaupunkiseudun liikenne- järjestelmäsuunnitelma
13.9.2002
Impact Assessment The alternatives: 0+
Alternatives
Reference alternative 0+
1. (...) Problems are solved by building new rails and roads.
Alternatives
Reference alternative 0+
1. The former Transport System Plan (PLJ 1998)
2. (...) Less new road infrastructure than in other alternatives.
Alternatives
Reference alternative 0+
1.
Language:English
Score: 639182.4
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https://unece.org/fileadmin/DA...an/documents/Finlandslides.pdf
Data Source: un
The focus of this module is on finding alternatives for HHPs, in particular in agriculture. However, the process described here is very similar for other cases where an alternatives assessment is justified. Further advice is available on when a regulator may need to look for an alternative .
(...) It does not directly apply to choosing alternative pest management approaches at the local or field scale.
Language:English
Score: 638486.47
-
https://www.fao.org/pesticide-...tration-tools/alternatives/es/
Data Source: un
The focus of this module is on finding alternatives for HHPs, in particular in agriculture. However, the process described here is very similar for other cases where an alternatives assessment is justified. Further advice is available on when a regulator may need to look for an alternative .
(...) It does not directly apply to choosing alternative pest management approaches at the local or field scale.
Language:English
Score: 638486.47
-
https://www.fao.org/pesticide-...tration-tools/alternatives/fr/
Data Source: un
Assessment of alternatives | Pesticide Registration Toolkit | 联合国粮食及 农业组织
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Assessment of alternatives
Categories of alternatives
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Print
Introduction to identifying and evaluating alternatives
The availability of alternatives to a pesticide may need to be assessed as part of the decision making process. (...) The focus of this module is on finding alternatives for HHPs, in particular in agriculture. However, the process described here is very similar for other cases where an alternatives assessment is justified. Further advice is available on when a regulator may need to look for an alternative .
Language:English
Score: 638486.47
-
https://www.fao.org/pesticide-...tration-tools/alternatives/zh/
Data Source: un
