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Naciones Unidas CEDAW/SP/2022/2 Convención sobre la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer Distr. general 22 de abril de 2022 Español Original:

Women are disadvantaged by the lack of knowledge and/or understanding of the legal complexities that affect land matters such as how to register land, take ownership and contest land rights. (...) Certain roles assigned to girls tend to make them submissive and foster an inferiority complex. Boys on the other hand are assigned roles which are highly valued and are prepared for becoming decision-makers. 60.

Surveillance for the purposes of national security is carried out by a combination of 16 different United States government agencies operating at the federal level subjected to a complex legal system providing various levels of privacy protection and oversight. (...) The Intelligence Community in the United States is not left to its own devices. There is a complex system of oversight of surveillance, both ex ante and ex post. (...) In order to properly understand the complex patchwork of privacy protection provided by United States federal laws, regulations and policies, one needs to start by examining some 60 separate documents,17 fewer than 10 of which are related to government-led surveillance.

The Special Rapporteur attested to the country’s complex policy and technical machinery for delivering health services and the different responsibilities and jurisdictions of the federal, provincial/territorial and municipal authorities. (...) The levels of government involved in the Canadian health-care system suggest complexities for the State to be accountable under the right-to-health framework.

GE.20-00032 (S) 100120 130120  Consejo de Derechos Humanos 43er período de sesiones 24 de febrero a 20 de marzo de 2020 Tema 3 de la agenda Promoción

A/HRC/25/54/Add.1 GE.13-19158 5 districts and municipalities of Indonesia.12 Each province, regency or city is responsible for its own development planning, as well as its implementation and monitoring. However, a highly complex mix of a hierarchal and top-down system of development and spatial planning exists, with the central Government retaining the authority to override local spatial plans for special areas, when deemed strategic and of national importance.13 11. (...) Areas that are at particularly high risk to climate and natural hazards may require complex infrastructure planning or resettlement decisions which are beyond the scope of the community.36 As mentioned, these programmes are not implemented in informal settlements that are located on land which is not designated for habitation, excluding a large number of settlements where housing and infrastructure needs tend to be greatest. 25. (...) Security of tenure and land issues 42. A complex, unresolved, inequitable and exclusionary land tenure system exists in Indonesia, exemplified by the fact that approximately 69 per cent of the land is owned by 16 per cent of the population.58 43.

Nonetheless, returnees may also experience complex stigma upon return. The broader social stigma historically and currently associated A/HRC/49/45/Add.1 GE.22-02761 7 with “extremism” in Uzbekistan has made it extremely difficult for returnees to avoid stigma. (...) The Special Rapporteur notes, in particular, the risks of complex harms to those who return, to their family members and to others who may associate with them, highlighting the need to preserve their privacy. She is conscious that supporting returnees’ reintegration in communities with multifaceted local needs can create complex dynamics and challenges. She encourages the provision of support to the Government in recognizing the complexities and in continuing this solutions-oriented approach, which benefits all in local settings.

The exclusion of the workforce employed in the informal sector makes the implementation of a labour-related framework even more complex. 21. Kenya has taken measures to regularize enterprises, including through the creation of Micro and Small Enterprises Authority and of economic processing zones.23 Reducing the number of licences required for each individual business and cutting the cost of acquiring the licences would allow for more results.

Issues including lack of title documents, complexities related to shared ownership and lands subsequently leased to others (non-African) have created a complex situation in regard to proving and regaining ownership.

Distr. GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/94/Add.1 12 de marzo de 2004 ESPAÑOL Original: INGLÉS COMISIÓN DE DERECHOS HUMANOS 60º período de sesiones Tema 17 b) del programa provisional PROMOCIÓN