Microsoft Word - RASGPA06IP05
RASG-PA/6 — IP/05 04/06/13
International Civil Aviation Organization Sixth Annual Plenary Meeting of the Regional Aviation Safety Group – Pan America (RASG-PA/6) San Jose, Costa Rica, 27 – 28 June 2013
Agenda Item 7: Other Business
PUBLICATION OF ICAO DOCUMENTS: DOC 9365 - MANUAL OF ALL-WEATHER OPERATIONS - THIRD EDITION AND DOC 9976 - FLIGHT PLANNING AND FUEL
MANAGEMENT MANUAL
(Presented by the Secretariat)
SUMMARY
ICAO through publication of Doc 9976 - Flight Planning and Fuel Management Manual and Doc 9365 - Manual of All-Weather Operations - Third Edition, adapts to new trends and to the increasingly competitive and demanding international air transport industry conditions allowing operators using technology and risk management to meet increasing operational challenges and thus have the opportunity to receive a return on their investments.
(...) It also provides guidance material to assist States, civil aviation authorities, and the operators under their jurisdiction in the development and/or application of prescriptive regulations and performance-based variations to such regulations based on Annex 6, Part I, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.6 and 4.3.7.
3.2 Amendment 36 to Annex 6, Part I, ushers in a new era where operators can improve overall operational efficiency and reduce emissions by implementing national regulations based on globalized prescriptive standards or operational variations from such standards based on an individual operator’s ability to achieve target levels of safety performance.
3.3 These variations, with precise guidance, are contingent on the use of hard data and the application of safety risk management principles.
3.4 The challenge remains, however, for civil aviation authorities to appropriately define all of the regulations that allow operators to optimize fuel management while maintaining appropriate flight operations safety margins.
(...) Conclusions
4.1 ICAO, through the publication of these manuals, adapts to new trends and to the increasingly competitive international air transport industry market conditions, thus allowing operators using technology and risk management to meet increasing operational challenges and have the opportunity to receive a return on their investments.
4.2 ICAO states that it is only through the disciplined application of the best safety risk management practices that the frequency and severity of aviation occurrences can continue to decline.
4.3 The Meeting is informed that both manuals are available for States in the ICAO restricted portal under the ICAO NET section.
4.4 The Meeting is invited to review both manuals; any comments should be addressed to:
The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montréal, Quebec H3A 2R2 Canada E-mail: icaohq@icao.int
— END —
Language:English
Score: 920619.3
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https://www.icao.int/NACC/Docu...2013/RASGPA06/RASGPA06IP05.pdf
Data Source: un
• Based on 68 studies reporting prevalence
up to 2014, we found approximately:
• Physical abuse – 42%
• Emotional abuse – 37%
• Contact sexual abuse – 9%
• Neglect- 28%
• These estimates are in the middle of wide
international ranges, except CSA which is
lower than most countries
Overall, there is very wide diversity in estimates in China (and the Asian region)
• The ranges of Chinese estimates are very
wide -
• Emotional Abuse: 5% to 75%
• Physical Abuse: 5% to 95%
• Sexual abuse: from 2% to 20%
• Historically, the breadth of estimates in the
USA has been much the same
Prevalence of emotional abuse in China (%)
Surveys from 1988-2014 (Fang et al, 2015)
10 30 50 70 90
Combined
Li, 2014
Lu, 2012
Yang, 2012
Zhu, 2012
Ma, 2012
Zhong, 2012
Wang, 2012
Yong, 2011
Gao, 2011
Lin, 2011
Hou, 2010
Dong, 2010
Zhou, 2010
Zhu, 2010
Zeng, 2010
Yan, 2009
Xiao, 2008
Chen, 2008
Chang, 2008
Xie, 2008
Cai, 2008
Ding, 2007
Tao, 2006
Zhao, 2006
Huang, 2006
Chen, 2005
Chen, 2005
Hu, 2005
Yang, 2004
Chen, 2004
Zhao, 2004
Study
Emotional abuse – estimates from Chinese surveys
Prevalence of physical abuse in China (%) Estimates from surveys,1988-2014; Fang et al, 2015
10 3p 50 70 90
Combined
Li, 2014
Chan, 2013
Ma, 2012
Zhu, 2012
Lu, 2012
Zhong, 2012
Wang, 2012
Chou, 2011
Yong, 2011
Lin, 2011
Gao, 2011
Qiu, 2010
Fuh, 2010
Zeng, 2010
Shen, 2009
Yan, 2009
Hester, 2009
Cai, 2008
Yen, 2008
Xiao, 2008
Xiao, 2008
Chen, 2008
Ma, 2007
Ding, 2007
Tao, 2006
Huang, 2006
Chen, 2006
Ye, 2006
Zhao, 2006
Ma, 2005
Chen, 2005
Chen, 2005
Hu, 2005
Yang, 2004
Zhao, 2004
Samuda, 1988
Study
Variation in estimates of child physical abuse in China
Prevalence of contact sexual abuse in China (%)
5 10 15 20 25 30
Combined
Qiu, 2010
Lin, 2011
Ye, 2006
Su, 2008
Sun, 2006
Chan, 2013
Chen, 2006
Chen, 2004
Chen, 2010
Chen, 2006
Gu, 2005
So-kum Tang, 2002
Chen, 2003
Chen, 2004
Chen, 2004
Chen, 2002
Females Study
Variation in sexual abuse estimates (Chinese females, from Ji et al, 2013)
Prevalence of contact sexual abuse, China (%)
5 10 15 20 25 30
Combined
Lin, 2011
Ye, 2006
Su, 2008
Sun, 2006
Chan, 2013
Chen, 2004
Chen, 2010
Chen, 2006
Gu, 2005
So-kum Tang, 2002
Chen, 2003
Chen, 2004
Males Study
Estimates of CSA reported by males in China
Several relevant implications
for bullying research in Asia
Key points to consider in
designing further studies
1. There is no “true” prevalence statistic
that can be applied to a population
• (Dunne, Choo, Madrid, Subrahmanian, Rumble, Blight and
Maternowska, Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2015).
• Our key purpose – for prevention and system
intervention - is to understand variation in risk
• Risk varies considerably across provinces,
cultural groups and social conditions.
• Some variation will be real across time, place and
social groups; some is due to methodological
factors
• We should not expect to find “the true
prevalence” – all estimates depend on context
2. (...) Include core indicators on
bullying and VaC that are adaptable
for localised research
• The main questionnaire should have a short form (and a
resource manual for data collection and analysis) so that
localised research is comparable to this national study
• This will help to reduce the unacceptably wide variation in
accumulated VaC social research that is caused by using
tools and methods that are unstandardised
Long term view
• Up to 2016, in all of Asia, there has not
been a single published follow-up study of
community-based or random samples that
enables a time perspective on VaC and
limited information on bullying change
oiver time
Language:English
Score: 918177.2
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https://violenceagainstchildre...presentation_michael_dunne.pdf
Data Source: un
