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  Page 578 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology

Page 578 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology           Basic HTML Version Table of Contents View Full Version Page 578 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology P. 578 5 Unleashing the potential of the Internet of Things • Size: common (normal) devices vs. tiny (small) devices • Power (energy): power supplied vs. power limited (for emergency) • Manageability: managed by human vs. managed by device human intervened or not • Different networking capabilities: IP vs. non-IP – In most cases, an unattended (constrained) device communicating with others objects in a potentially very large scale environment Objects in an ubiquitous networking environment have the following characteristics: • Heterogeneous access interfaces • Lightweight protocol for low power consumption • Different amount of information transactions. Appendix I provides characteristics and examples of each type of object according to the classification of objects in an ubiquitous networking environment. 8 Requirements of "connecting-to-anything" capability for ubiquitous networking 8.1 General requirements for object-to-object communication The following are general requirements for communications between objects in an NGN. • For connecting an object, it is required to identify each object to be connected to the network. • In the case of small-sized objects with limited power, the capabilities of the communication objects are less compared to high processing computing devices. To cope with such constraints on objects, it is required to use lightweight protocols which remove unnecessary loads. • For configuring objects automatically, it is recommended to provide a self-configuration functionality. • Auto-discovery is required to connect any objects which are in the range of communication. • Objects can be moved from one place to another and may be attached to another network with different technology. (...) Scalable solutions are required in order to cope with the increase of traffic and routing table size and the shortage of IP addresses. • To support end-to-end connectivity, each object is recommended to have a separate, unique IP address.

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  PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Jamaican Children Preliminary Results Taking responsibility Research Objectives • The impact of the pandemic on children in Jamaica • The capacity to respond to the situation Sources • Desk review • Key informant interviews • Representative survey The Survey • June 23 to July 13 • 30% reached by an online platform, 70% interviewer- assisted telephone interviews • Stratified random sample (socioeconomic status and location) • 95% Confidence interval is + 4% House- holds People in House- holds Sample 505 house- holds with at least one child 1,994 Adults (56%) Children (44%) Channels of Impact Loss of Income Closure of Schools Loss of Income Income Loss 46% Average share of income lost Income Loss Average share of income lost 47% Rural 45% Urban 49% Lower 42% Upper 48% Female 44% Other Geography Socio-economic Household Head Coping Strategies How have you made up for lost income? (...) 35% 33% 18% 14% None 1 2 >2 Nutritional Effect Share of households that have experienced food shortages 44% Nutritional Effect Share of households that have experienced food shortages 47% Rural 42% Urban 56% female 33% Others 57% > one 32% One Geography Household Head # of Children Nutritional Effect How have you coped with the food shortages? 3% 4% 23% 66% 74% Bad Foods None Planted Crops Fewer Meals Smaller Meals Closure of Schools Participation in Distance Learning Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 75% 90% 83% No Facility Participation Participation Participation No Facility No Interest No Device No Internet Satisfaction with Distance Learning Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 60% 70% 56% Frequency receiving assigments 43% 39% 3% 15% 59% 37% 2% 1% 56% 34% 8% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Every day At least once per weeek less than once per week never How often do the children received their work assignments and tasks? pre-school (n=184) primary (n=221) high school (n=163) Access… …to the Internet …to a Device 80% 80% Devices Used Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 72% 65% 46% Tablet Computer Phone 64% 76% 53% 46% 88% 59% Devices Used Share of households in which each child does not have exclusive access to a device for educational purposes 34% 58% 39% Return to School Pre/Basic Primary Secondary YesMaybe 66% 30% YesMaybe 64% 21% 15% YesMaybe No No No Return to School • Fear of infection • No resources • Asthmatic children • Waiting to see situation Reasons for Reluctance Screen Time 3.1 6.8 Before Covid Since Covid Hours per day Online Degree of supervision Never Very oftenSeldom Often 2%10% 38% 49% Emotional Impact of the Combination Closure of Schools Loss of Income Emotional Impact Share of households with children that experienced increases in the following 15% 21% 23% 23% 39% 41% 57% 63% Uncooperativeness Fear Sadness Anxiety Clinginess Frustration Overeating Boredom VIOLENT DISCIPLINE Changes in frequency of spanking and shouting/calling names COVID PREVENTION MEASURES ACCESS TO COVID 19 PREVENTION ITEMS yes: 84% What We Need • Strict bio-secure protocols in schools • To keep children safe • To reassure parents • Financial support for families • Specifically for nutritional support for children • Universal internet access for school children • Flexible work and leave arrangements for workers • Psychosocial support services for children and parents • Stronger mechanisms to detect and report child abuse Taking responsibility

Score: 1210202.1 - https://www.unicef.org/jamaica...stribute%20FINAL%20rev.pdf.pdf

  PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Jamaican Children Preliminary Results Taking responsibility Research Objectives • The impact of the pandemic on children in Jamaica • The capacity to respond to the situation Sources • Desk review • Key informant interviews • Representative survey The Survey • June 23 to July 13 • 30% reached by an online platform, 70% interviewer- assisted telephone interviews • Stratified random sample (socioeconomic status and location) • 95% Confidence interval is + 4% House- holds People in House- holds Sample 505 house- holds with at least one child 1,994 Adults (56%) Children (44%) Channels of Impact Loss of Income Closure of Schools Loss of Income Income Loss 46% Average share of income lost Income Loss Average share of income lost 47% Rural 45% Urban 49% Lower 42% Upper 48% Female 44% Other Geography Socio-economic Household Head Coping Strategies How have you made up for lost income? (...) 35% 33% 18% 14% None 1 2 >2 Nutritional Effect Share of households that have experienced food shortages 44% Nutritional Effect Share of households that have experienced food shortages 47% Rural 42% Urban 56% female 33% Others 57% > one 32% One Geography Household Head # of Children Nutritional Effect How have you coped with the food shortages? 3% 4% 23% 66% 74% Bad Foods None Planted Crops Fewer Meals Smaller Meals Closure of Schools Participation in Distance Learning Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 75% 90% 83% No Facility Participation Participation Participation No Facility No Interest No Device No Internet Satisfaction with Distance Learning Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 60% 70% 56% Frequency receiving assigments 43% 39% 3% 15% 59% 37% 2% 1% 56% 34% 8% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Every day At least once per weeek less than once per week never How often do the children received their work assignments and tasks? pre-school (n=184) primary (n=221) high school (n=163) Access… …to the Internet …to a Device 80% 80% Devices Used Pre/Basic Primary Secondary 72% 65% 46% Tablet Computer Phone 64% 76% 53% 46% 88% 59% Devices Used Share of households in which each child does not have exclusive access to a device for educational purposes 34% 58% 39% Return to School Pre/Basic Primary Secondary YesMaybe 66% 30% YesMaybe 64% 21% 15% YesMaybe No No No Return to School • Fear of infection • No resources • Asthmatic children • Waiting to see situation Reasons for Reluctance Screen Time 3.1 6.8 Before Covid Since Covid Hours per day Online Degree of supervision Never Very oftenSeldom Often 2%10% 38% 49% Emotional Impact of the Combination Closure of Schools Loss of Income Emotional Impact Share of households with children that experienced increases in the following 15% 21% 23% 23% 39% 41% 57% 63% Uncooperativeness Fear Sadness Anxiety Clinginess Frustration Overeating Boredom VIOLENT DISCIPLINE Changes in frequency of spanking and shouting/calling names COVID PREVENTION MEASURES ACCESS TO COVID 19 PREVENTION ITEMS What We Need • Strict bio-secure protocols in schools • To keep children safe • To reassure parents • Financial support for families • Specifically for nutritional support for children • Universal internet access for school children • Flexible work and leave arrangements for workers • Psychosocial support services for children and parents • Stronger mechanisms to detect and report child abuse Taking responsibility

Score: 1210202.1 - https://www.unicef.org/jamaica...o%20distribute%20FINAL.pdf.pdf

  Fuel crisis rapidly draining last ‘coping capacities’ of Palestinians in Gaza | | 1UN News

Facebook Twitter Print Email Fuel crisis rapidly draining last ‘coping capacities’ of Palestinians in Gaza 22 January 2019 Humanitarian Aid A worsening fuel crisis in the Gaza Strip enclave is putting patients’ lives at risk with power supplies for operating theaters under constant threat, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) has said. “Acute fuel shortages are rapidly exhausting the last coping capacities of the health system in Gaza, which is struggling with chronic shortages of pharmaceuticals, medical supplies and electricity”, said Gerald Rockenschaub, Head of the WHO Office for the West Bank and Gaza. (...) This will directly affect hundreds of patients, including newborns and children, whose lives depend on dialysis services, incubators and ventilators in intensive care units, as well as other electrical life-sustaining devices and surgical interventions. “Following our visits to several affected facilities in Gaza to assess the situation firsthand, we call on all parties to de-politicize health and to collectively ensure that lifesaving services are sustained,” stressed Dr.

Score: 1198303.7 - https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1030972

  Page 280 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology

NOTE 4 – An actor playing the role of MOC platform provider can also play the role of MOC application provider and MOC device provider. • MOC application customer The MOC application customer may be a human or a device. (...) In such cases, MOC applications need to cope with this heterogeneity. 3) Grouping of MOC devices In some use cases, groups of MOC devices are deployed for services. Usually, the MOC devices of a specific group have the same characteristics, functions, performance or policies. 266 Rec.

Score: 1180288.9 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/Publ.../files/basic-html/page280.html

  Page 280 - Unleashing the potenti al of the Internet of Things

NOTE 4 – An actor playing the role of MOC platform provider can also play the role of MOC application provider and MOC device provider. • MOC application customer The MOC application customer may be a human or a device. (...) In such cases, MOC applications need to cope with this heterogeneity. 3) Grouping of MOC devices In some use cases, groups of MOC devices are deployed for services. Usually, the MOC devices of a specific group have the same characteristics, functions, performance or policies. 266 Rec.

Score: 1180288.9 - https://www.itu.int/en/publica.../files/basic-html/page280.html

  Page 100 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology

C2 Communication The support of the unicast The support of the communication mode is required unicast, multicast, (e.g., for communications broadcast and anycast between IoT users or devices). communication modes The support of the multicast, is required. broadcast and anycast communication modes is required, so that the IoT can provide various communication services within a group of IoT users or devices (e.g., to support the collaboration among IoT users or devices). C3 Communication The support of device initiated The support of device communications is required so initiated as to satisfy the requirements of communications is automatic communications. required. C4 Communication Error control for Error control for communications is required, so communications is that the IoT is able, for example, required to be to cope with interferences supported. between devices.

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  Page 117 - 2015 Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology

The communication related requirements of the gateway are as follows: 1) The gateway is required to support communication bridging between devices and communication networks. 2) The gateway is required to support communications with at least one application. 3) The gateway is recommended to support multiple communication technologies to interact with communication networks and devices and be able to enhance the capabilities of the communication interfaces in case that the support of additional communication technologies is required. (...) The protocol related requirements of the gateway are as follows: 1) The gateway is required to support protocol translation between different protocols as necessary when communicating with devices and applications. 2) The gateway is recommended to support dynamic protocol loading. – Uniformity of interactions The gateway is recommended to support uniform interaction with different devices and applications in order to cope with their heterogeneity. The requirements of the gateway related to uniformity of interactions are as follows: 1) The gateway is recommended to support uniform operations through standardized protocols on devices which use different communication technologies.

Score: 1167094.9 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/Publ.../files/basic-html/page117.html

  Page 16 - Trust in ICT 2017

The introduction of sensors and devices into currently physical spaces poses particular challenges and increases the sensitivity of the data that is being collected. Connected devices are effectively allowing companies to digitally monitor our private activities. Moreover, the sheer volume of granular data generated by a small number of devices allows those with access to the data to perform analyses, providing the ability to make additional sensitive inferences and compile even more detailed profiles of consumer behaviour.

Score: 1165767.4 - https://www.itu.int/en/publica...7/files/basic-html/page16.html

  Page 183 - Trust in ICT 2017

Especially, in Internet of Things (IoT) and CPS environments, people, platforms and devices will be highly inter-connected by a dynamic network of networks and operated in heterogeneous environments. These kinds of highly connected environments increase the complexity of services and applications (which consume data and information from connected sensors, devices, etc.), and the unknown potential risks may be incurred due to complex interactions. (...) The large scale collection and analysis of data from sensors and devices in physical spaces imposes difficult issues, ranging from the risks of unanticipated uses of consumer data to the potential discrimination enabled by data analytics and the insights offered into the movements, interests and activities of an individual.

Score: 1165767.4 - https://www.itu.int/en/publica.../files/basic-html/page183.html