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As part of the roll out of Universal Credit, the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) has identified automatic fraud prevention as an important element of this process, as remarked in a National Audit Office (NAO) report: “The Department [DWP] intends to develop a fully automated risk analysis and intelligence system on fraud and error.”7 Since 2011, the DWP has encouraged local authorities to use Risk Based Verification (RBV) “to assess the risk of ‘fraud and error’ in welfare claims” 8 . This was encouraged to “streamline benefit applications by allowing low risk applicants for housing benefit and 1 Taskforce on Innovation, Growth and Regulatory Reform (2021), Independent Report. 2 Equality and Human Rights Commission and Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (2021), Report of the EHRC and the NIHRC following the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy’s visit to the UK in June 2018. 3 Court of Appeal (2020), R (Bridges) –v- CC South Wales & ors. 4 Ibid. 5 Information Commissioner’s Office (2019), Information Commissioner’s Opinion: The use of live facial recognition technology by law enforcement in public places. 6 Information Commissioner’s Office (2021), Information Commissioner’s Opinion: The use of live facial recognition technology i n public places. 7 National Audit Office (2018), Rolling out Universal Credit. 8 Big Brother Watch (2021), Poverty Panopticon. (...) The tool, which the Home Office described as a digital ‘streaming tool,’ assigns a Red, Amber or Green risk rating to applicants.”30 This coding system also related to nationalities, which Foxglove claimed amounted to “a secret list of suspect nationalities automatically given a ‘red’ traffic- light risk score – people of these nationalities were likely to be denied a visa.”31 Both JCWI and Foxglove stated that the algorithm established a feedback loop where previous decisions based on this system would reinforce future decisions, making it more likely for individuals from the flagged nations to be coded as high risk.

Subsequently, the Moroccan Presidency will pursue actions to achieve the following: A) Promote adequate economic and regulatory environment so as to expand investment opportunities in the green economy for the private sector, including:  Adequate public policies and regulations in favor of the green economy and climate resilient investments, along with appropriate support mechanisms for the private sector (mobilization of production resources, infrastructure, removal of regulatory and administrative barriers, …);  Enhancing business climate, particularly in relation to reinforcing markets transparency on “price formation”, access to information, judicial security of transactions, public procurement procedures, and more generally promoting and protecting investments;  Supporting country-driven efforts to establish carbon pricing mechanisms and tools including municipal and national fiscal policy tools, including the use of generated revenues in adaptation projects; B) Use guarantees’ mechanisms provided by development banks and multilateral agencies and concessional finance to catalyze private investment towards funding climate action projects in developing and least developed countries; There is a clear opportunity to build mutualized mechanisms of guarantee provided by MDBs and dedicated to investments in climate mitigation and/or adaptation projects in developing and least developed countries, so as to allow for:  Significant investment risk reduction in developing and least developed countries, including credit risk, commercial risks, political risks, as well as regulatory and administrative barriers, especially for trans- border projects;  Mobilization of new actors including philanthropists and impact investors by mutualizing available finance around large-scale projects in the South and providing adequate finance at various project stages, as well as risk coverage for specific countries;  Maximized leveraging of public resources mobilized through mixed financing structures and public- private partnerships. (...) Such platforms/facilities would be conceived to lower transaction costs for project developers/lenders, and aimed to:  Achieve economies of scale and efficiency by aggregating guarantees from multiple institutions with improved coordination to support riskier climate related projects;  Use guarantee mechanisms to attract institutional capital;  Significantly enhance the credit score of climate projects in developing countries, and help remove political, regulatory and administrative barriers especially for cross-border projects.

A recent Food Nutrition Research Institute study on household food insecurity in the regions of Mindanao, using the World Food Programme (WFP) food consumption score tool, revealed that the region had a low variety in the diet, with 38.57 per cent of the surveyed population not having consumed meat, milk, milk products, tubers, roots, legumes, nuts or seeds in the past seven days, while 43.1 per cent of households were severely food insecure and 48.1 per cent of households had coped with food insecurity, with household members having to eat a smaller meal than they felt they needed because there was not enough food. 28. (...) Only 89 of those NGOs provide credit and saving services, and only 3 implement an insurance mechanism. (...) With less than 3 per cent of women who work in the agriculture and fisheries sectors benefiting from support services such as credit, seeds, training and access to technology, it is almost impossible for them to access a sustainable income and livelihood.

Afro-Guyanese experience difficulty accessing bank loans and credit, due to perceptions that they do not repay loans. Without access to credit they are unable to establish small businesses. 38. (...) Low wages, high unemployment levels and lack of credit among Afro-Guyanese communities contribute to poor housing quality and maintenance. 51.

5. 2020年发布了第一份全球评估报告，称为 SCORE(调查、统计、优化、审查、 启用)，5 对 133个国家(覆盖世界人口的 87%)的数据和卫生信息系统的状况和能 力进行了评估。 (...) 然而，许多数据没有得到利用或使用。 2020年的第一份全球 SCORE评估报告说明了这一挑战的规模，并将支持各国加 强常规卫生信息系统作为一项优先行动和需求。 (...) 其目的是，帮助各国在 2025年的下一次全球 SCORE评估前提高这一能力。世卫 组织正在与成员国进行讨论，以确定第一批将在 2022年执行该战略的国家。

The current Government is implementing a set of orthodox economic and financial policies aimed at achieving macroeconomic stability with the support of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) three-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement worth US$ 157 million, approved in July 2012.

Couvas Sons Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 3,820,156 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion; loss is outside the compensable period; part or all of the underlying loss is unsubstantiated Total 3,820,156 Nil Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 2 (GTP Electrical Products Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 2,128,688 417,376 Claim adjusted for “arising prior to” exclusion; insufficient evidence of the policy Total 2,128,688 417,376 [ENGLISH ONLY] Annex III RECOMMENDED AWARDS FOR THE THIRD INSTALMENT OF “E/F” CLAIMS REPORTED BY CLAIMANT NAME AND CATEGORY OF LOSS S/A C .26/2002/27 Page 29 Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 3 (Premier Chemical Co. Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 2,293,832 423,322 Claim adjusted for “arising prior to” exclusion; insufficient evidence of the policy; part or all of the loss is not direct Total 2,293,832 423,322 Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 4 (I G Electrical Services Co. Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 2,572,224 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion; the loss is outside the compensable period; part or all of the underlying loss is unsubstantiated Total 2,572,224 Nil Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 5 (Aerocan Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 1,421,960 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion Total 1,421,960 Nil [ENGLISH ONLY] Annex III RECOMMENDED AWARDS FOR THE THIRD INSTALMENT OF “E/F” CLAIMS REPORTED BY CLAIMANT NAME AND CATEGORY OF LOSS S/A C .26/2002/27 Page 30 Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 6 (Oerlikon Electrodes Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 59,520 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion Total 59,520 Nil Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 7 (Sunshoes Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 9,900 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion Total 9,900 Nil Claimant: Ministry of Commerce Industry – Export Credit Insurance Service (ECIS) UNCC claim number: 5000024 – Sub-claim 8 (Medochemie Ltd) Submitting entity: Republic of Cyprus Type of loss Category of loss Amount claimed (USD) Amount recommended (USD) Comments Payment or relief to others Contract-related losses – export credit losses 3,571,289 Nil No compensation recommended for “arising prior to” exclusion; the loss is outside the compensable period Total 3,571,289 Nil [ENGLISH ONLY] Annex III RECOMMENDED AWARDS FOR THE THIRD INSTALMENT OF “E/F” CLAIMS REPORTED BY CLAIMANT NAME AND CATEGORY OF LOSS S/A C .26/2002/27 Page 31 Claimant: The Ministry of Finance UNCC claim number: 5000027 – Sub-claim 1 (Centrotex a.s.)

For example, there are no objective criteria for determining the final score in the examination, nor is it possible to contest the final score. (...) The Committee publishes a vacancy announcement and uses a point system of 1 to 100 to score candidates, numerically quantifying ethical, academic, professional and personal merits for the elaboration of lists of names for submission to Congress. 42. (...) For example, it failed to set up a board to score theoretical and practical tests, which are the ultimate phase of the selection process. 67.

Comm No Letter of Credit Currency Value of Letter of Credit in Original Currency Payments made Remaining Balance Status Beneficiary 87 1300126 B750927 JPY 2 231 599 767.00 2 211 399 279.00 20 200 488.00 Active Al Rowa’a General Trading Co. (...) Comm No Letter of Credit Currency Value of Letter of Credit in Original Currency Payments made Cancelled Amount Status Beneficiary 46 701220 U724139 USD 164 088.45 - 164 088.45 Cancelled PENINSULA TRAD. (...) Comm No Letter of Credit Currency Value of Letter of Credit in Original Currency Payments made Cancelled Amount Status Beneficiary 166 830723 M737731 EUR 61 253.57 - 61 253.57 Cancelled Petrotechnology, Paris 167 830730 C737132 EUR 276 900.00 - 276 900.00 Cancelled Comet Co.

for Edible Oil, Amman Subtotal of letters of credit expired in 2005 11 letters of credit 6 373 806.89 1 601309 Z730434 20/09/2001 19/06/2006 USD 427 428.62 427 428.62 Communication/ Transportation China CMEC INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CO. (...) BHD., KUALA LUMPUR S/2007/725 07-63928 23 Annex I — Status of letters of credit as of 30 November 2007 Seq Communication No. (...) Ltd., Sirnak Subtotal of letters of credit expired in 2006 93 letters of credit 256 736 366.44 1 600833 Z729302 05/03/2002 31/12/2007 USD 110 069.00 110 069.00 Communication/ Transportation China China National Technical Import and Export Corporation, Beijing S/2007/725 07-63928 25 Annex I — Status of letters of credit as of 30 November 2007 Seq Communication No.