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Major revenues are generated by advertising, which remains the main source of revenue in the digital content market. (...) The online advertising model remains one of the biggest revenue generators for digital content, whether Arabic or international. In this case, the web site becomes the broadcaster and the digital content provided becomes the material that will support the various advertising approaches.

(Regulations concerning the start-up phase for digital television broadcasting) Governs the trial stage of digital television broadcasting and confirms the position of law 66/2001 as governing the acquisition of network operator licenses. (...) (Regulations concerning the start-up phase for digital radio broadcasting) Entrusts the Communications Authority with the task of issuing regulations governing the launch of digital radio using terrestrial digital audio broadcasting (T-DAB). (...) (Accelerating and facilitating switch to digital terrestrial broadcasting) Establishes the timetable to be followed by RAI for the gradual conversion to digital technology (50% of the population as of 1 January 2004; 70% of the population by 1 January 2005). 12 Contains regulations governing the launch phase, during which the two technologies, digital and analog, will co-exist.

Furthermore, centuries of heritage in the form of books and documents in Arabic provide excellent opportunities for digitization. Digital advertising is also identified as a key issue for the growth of DAC in the region. According to Arab Content 2012, only 2% of total advertising is in digital form. This means that one of the major sources of revenues for typical business models is very weak in the region. (...) Google reports that 96% of its revenues are generated by contextual and display advertising although it is 100% digital. 17 Table (4).

TD/B/C.I/CLP/54 5 figures highlight the key linkages between control of data, market power and the increasing monetization of data through digital advertising in the business models of digital platforms. 9. (...) How to protect and promote competition in the digital economy A. Adapting of the antitrust framework to digital challenges 10. (...) In the context of digital markets, the Government of the United Kingdom is reviewing the effectiveness of its competition tools in responding to new digital challenges.

In the row dimension, the products are also split into digitally- and non-digitally ordered. Product Digital industries Other industries Digitally delivered products Non-digitally delivered products Digitally delivered products Non-digitally delivered products Digitally delivered products Non-digitally delivered products Digitally delivered products Non-digitally delivered products Digitally ordered Direct from a counterparty From a resident retailer or wholesaler Via a resident digital intermediary Via a non-resident digital intermediary Non-digitally ordered Total supplyTotal output, digital industries non-digital industries Output Total output, Imports ECE/CES/GE.20/2021/10 3 Figure 2 Digital supply table A. (...) The first are involved in producing the infrastructure required for digital activities in general. The second rely on their online presence to generate advertising or other traffic-related revenues or on online sales for the majority of their revenues. 19. (...) For these latter two industries aggregate levels had to be split based on allocation factors from the more detailed original source survey data. 2. Data and advertising driven digital platforms 24. Data and advertising driven digital platforms include firms that generally provide free online services to attract users but rely on their online presence to generate advertising revenues or to sell traffic and user data.

More generally, it is often claimed that consumers relinquish their privacy and consent to becoming targets of advertising, in particular digital advertising, to benefit from lower prices for products and services. (...) In general, online regulations have not kept pace with offline regulations, enabling companies to effectively dodge the law by relocating their advertising to digital spaces. 53. Regulations have lagged behind the ingenuity of advertisers. (...) A/69/286 15/26 14-58963 Given the emotive nature of most television advertising, the manner in which most digital advertising is processed and the development of new forms of advertising, such as embedded, viral and native advertising, assumptions about cognitive defence need thorough investigation.

The Consumer Council of Hong Kong (China) urged businesses to fulfil their social responsibilities amid the pandemic and to keep prices at a reasonable level.48 16. Digital platforms have increased their market power considerably and false and deceptive advertising made through such platforms spread quickly in 2020, causing monetary and physical damage to consumers. 49 Alleged or false remedies can lead to serious harm or health risks. (...) Affordable access to open and secure Internet should be provided, taking into consideration the needs of the elderly and of consumers with disabilities who may be less familiar or less comfortable with digital tools and therefore more prone to digital fraud. 75 The pandemic has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities. (...) In Portugal, in 2016, a practical guide for elderly consumers was issued to raise awareness of the rights of elderly consumers online and in the provision of essential public and financial services. 79 For example, the National Advertising Division of the United States, the self-regulatory body of the advertising industry, monitors national advertising in all media and one of its priorities is to review advertising claims targeting vulnerable populations.

Most of the time, consumers are deceived by advertisements about products. The Commission has developed a guidance document on how to make clear and conspicuous disclosures in digital advertising (see https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/com- disclosures-how-make-effective-disclosures-digital). The general principle is that advertising must tell the truth and not mislead consumers, all claims must be substantiated and disclaimers must be clear and conspicuous (see https://www.ftc.gov/tips- advice/business-center/guidance/advertising-marketing-internet-rules-road; https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/com-disclosures-how-make- effective-disclosures-digital). In the United States, advertising agencies or website designers are responsible for reviewing the information used to substantiate advertisement claims. 18.

It is possible that some units may meet the definitions of one or more of the new digital industries. In this circumstance, the unit should be placed in the digital industry with a more specialised purpose.16 16 Digital industries with specialised purposes include Digital intermediary platforms charging a fee, Data and advertising driven digital platforms, Firms dependent on intermediary platforms, E-Tailers, and Digital only firms providing financial and insurance services. (...) If the platform is not receiving an explicit payment when a transaction has taken place and is solely providing information (therefore gaining revenue by advertising or selling data), it should be allocated to the category data and advertising driven digital platforms. 63. (...) Data and advertising driven digital platforms 66. The category Data and advertising driven digital platforms includes all units operating exclusively online that predominately generate revenue via selling data or advertising space.