Valuation of digital currencies might seem straightforward, as the price is determined directly by supply and demand in the market. However, digital currencies lack any form of underlying fundamentals to guide the market-determined price. (...) Nevertheless, the potential development of new sovereign digital currencies, continuous evolution of the existing digital currencies, and the rapidly growing application of the blockchain technology in other areas, suggests that the use of cryptocurrencies will continue to expand.
Language:English
Score: 1132124.8
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https://www.un.org/development...november-2017-briefing-no-108/
Data Source: un
Learn more
From cryptocurrencies to CBDCs
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau Director Chaesub Lee explains the initiatives aiming to identify where technical standards may be needed for digital currencies. Learn more
Are networks ready for today's demand?
(...) Learn more
News and views
Bank of Jamaica CBDC rollout moves ahead
e-krona: Sweden’s journey to a central bank digital currency
Gearing up for DC3: Central bank digital currencies, stablecoins, and security
In depth
Brokering standards by consensus
ITU News Magazine: Digital youth
ITU Journal: New special issues
WTISD 2022
The theme for next year's World Telecommunication and Information Society Day (WTISD) is "Digital technologies for Older Persons and Healthy Ageing".
Language:English
Score: 1129877.4
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https://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
Data Source: un
Slide 1
Enhancing MRV with
Digital Innovations
Tom Baumann | January 23, 2018
Examples of Existing Digital for MRV
• Calculators (often MS Excel)
• GHG inventory software and data management systems
• LCA databases
• Emission factor databases
• Knowledge hubs
• Remote sensing
• Mobile sensors
• CEMS (Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems)
• Online reporting and registries
Many Digital Innovations
• Distributed Ledger Technology (Blockchain)
• Billions of connected devices as the Internet of Things (IOT)
• Big Data Analytics
• Social networks (Web 2.0)
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning
• 3D printing, Industry 4.0, Robotics, Drones
• Mobile economy
• Sharing economy
Digital Growth
Source: Cisco
• Approx 50 billion IoT devices
• Data created in 2017 more
than previous 5000 years
• Mobile economy to connect ¾
global population by 2020
• Digital currency market over
$400B today
• Sharing economy over $350B
by 2025
• Social networks over 3B users
Smarter 2030 – Digital for Climate Actions
• Decouple economic growth from GHG emissions with resource efficiency
(reduce GHG intensity per unit of economic activity by 20% by 2030)
DLT/Digital Innovations for Climate
Climate
Actions
Mitigation,
Adaptation,
Finance
Carbon
Markets
Registries for
Permits and
Credits
Existing
Markets
Differentiated
Low-carbon
Products
Supported by Digital MRV Systems linked to DLT
What is DLT (Blockchain)?
Ledger
Spreadsheet
Database
Record Book
Distributed
Peer-to-Peer
Shared so Everyone
Gets a Copy (Level of
Transparency Control)
Technology
Consensus Algorithm to
Verify Agreement and Trust
Cryptography for Security
Internet Connected Meters
and Smart Devices
D a ta
D a ta
Bitcoin < Blockchain < DLT
Examples of DLTs Explanation
Bitcoin
Blockchain as a Digital Currency, i.e. a financial
application
Ethereum Blockchain with Smart Contracts, more than
digital currency applications, e.g. supply chains
IOTA
Not a blockchain, uses “Tangle” as a blockless
distributed ledger; can link with other DLTs
Hashgraph (not
actually a DLT)
“Swirlds” consensus algorithm not a DLT, but can
be a front end for DLTs
DLT Benefits to Enhance MRV
Lower Costs and
Faster Reporting
MRV Data and
Calculations using
Software based on
Smart Standards and
Smart Contracts
Data
Integrity
Data Trail Traceability,
Reduce Data
Duplication and Avoid
Double Counting
across MRV Systems
Resilient and
Scalable
Distributed Computer
Networks, Extensible
for New Climate
Actions and Links for
Policy Coherence
Mobilize Finance into Climate Actions
IoT, Data, Smart Standards, Smart Contracts, Metrics and Instruments
Facility
Climate
Action
Green
Power
Supply
Chain
Carbon Markets
Emission Trading
Linked and Nested System of DLT Applications
System
Boundaries
e.g. Carbon
Budget
Natural
Capital NDC Registry
Project
Climate
Action
Sustain-
able
Cities
Supporting Collaborative Governance System
Online Expert
Communities
Consensus-based
Mass Collaboration
Interoperable
Modular Rules
Framework
Rules for MRV,
Technical, Legal,
Accounting
Examples of DLT Companies + Initiatives
• Solar Coin Provenance
• Climate Ledger Climate Chain Coalition
• Xpansiv Power Ledger
• CCEG Seratio Coins Blockchain for Impact
• DAO IPCI Plastic Bank
• Veridium Poseidon
• Climate Coin Adaptation Ledger
• Earth Token Earth Dollar
• Fintech4Good Digital Green Finance
DIG4Climate Project
• Digital Innovation and Governance for Climate (DIG4Climate)
• On behalf of Government of Canada (funder) and in collaboration with
Pacific Alliance countries – Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru
• Project funding = $1.6M | Project duration = 4 years to March 2021
(leverages additional $1.4M+ for MRV)
• Links to related projects to pilot blockchain for MRV (expectation to link
with more pilots)
DIG4Climate Project Activities
• Multi-stakeholder engagement process of workshops and events in
each of the Pacific Alliance countries
• Collaborase online collaboration platform and resources to support
broader engagement and smart standards development
• 2018/Q1 – Capacity building workshops
• 2018/Q4 – 2019/Q1 – Practical design workshops
• 2019 – 2020 – Pilot testing with DLT/blockchain applications
• 2020/Q4 – 2021/Q1 – Recommendations and Roadmap
DIG4Climate Project Process
• Assess the current state of MRV and assess frameworks, taxonomies,
processes within a “MRV Maturity Model”
• Assess the current challenges with MRV systems and the
opportunities/drivers to move towards digital MRV
• Road-test some MRV Innovations with pilot projects
• Develop a Roadmap to transition from current MRV system to digital
MRV system
Questions?
Language:English
Score: 1125593.75
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https://www.cepal.org/sites/de...resentations/tom_baumann_0.pdf
Data Source: un
In the following blogs posts, we explore organizations that are pioneering in these tech spaces:
Mobile money services and digital currencies
Sensor and wearable technology
Learning and education
Power logistics and transport
Identity and personal data
Let’s get started with #1…
Did you know that two billion people around the world are unbanked? (...) With the increase of mobile money services and digital currencies, people now have the opportunity to access their money easier and faster. (...) BitPesa accepts Bitcoin (a digital currency) from nearly anywhere in the world and exchanges it to local currency.
Language:English
Score: 1124768.1
-
https://www.unicef.org/innovat...ransforming-financial-services
Data Source: un
The CryptoFund is a prototype fund for UNICEF to explore the use of digital currencies, and what it means to operate in a digitally-financed future.
(...) Simply put: Transparency. Efficiency. Digital by Default. The CryptoFund is a way for UNICEF to learn about a new digital asset class, and in line with goals of the Office of Innovation, explore possible futures that UNICEF may operate in – whether it be cryptocurrencies, central bank digital currencies, or any other type of digital currencies, UNICEF will have a better understanding of what is required to operate in this new context. (...) In addition, over the past few years we’ve seen the increased desire for donors to contribute using cryptocurrency and to see their donation used as cryptocurrency (ie. not have it converted to local fiat currency). Why’s that? By keeping crypto in its native form, UNICEF, donors, recipients, and the public can track where the money is going and how it is being spent, providing an unprecedented level of transparency in the funding and NGO space.
Language:English
Score: 1120953.6
-
https://www.unicef.org/innovation/stories/unicef-cryptofund
Data Source: un
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT :REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Developments regarding digital assets and “stablecoins” have accelerated, as has
work on central bank digital currencies. (...) At the end of 2020, 86 per cent of central banks were engaged in central bank
digital currency work, up from 80 per cent in 2019 and 70 per cent in 2018, citing
financial inclusion and domestic payment efficiency as their main motivations. 49 This
was also the explicit goal of the first “live” retail central bank digital currency
launched in the Bahamas in October 2020. However, recent studies on different
aspects of financial inclusion (including access, efficiency and costs) have not shown
a clear effect of central bank digital currencies.50 The implementation of
Language:English
Score: 1117725.1
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...sf/get?open&DS=A/76/230&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
Cross-border CBDC raise design & technical challenges
Direct ownership Intermediation
Retail AML / CFT
Standards Market design
Wholesale Market liquidity
Info sharing
Role of central banks
Tech standards AML / CFT
Market design Liquidity
Data & information sharing Role of central banks
…
Macrofinancial challenges must also be addressed Larger gross flows more leverage & greater valuation changes
Circumvention of capital flow management measures
More widespread currency substitution
Monetary policy and foreign exchange intervention effectiveness
Lender of last resort
Faster transmission of global financial conditions
Loss of information / tax revenue
Configuration of reserve currencies and backstops
Payment system fragmentation
Digital divide
63
38
26 27
77
30 25
17
0
20
40
60
80
100
[0, 10) % [10, 30) % [30, 50) % [50,100]%
Foreign currency deposits' share of total bank deposits
Foreign currency loans' share in total bank loans
Chart A: Currency substitution around the world
(number of countries in given ranges)
Sources: Bannister et al. (2018), IMF SRF, and author calculations. (...) See also Levy Yeyati and Hélène Rey (2006)
0
20
40
60
80
100 Foreign currency deposits' share of total bank deposits
Foreign currency loans' share in total bank loans
Chart B: Currency substitution in selected countries (in percent)
Sources: Bannister et al. (2018), IMF SRF, and author calculations.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Chart D: Currency substitution: adoption dynamics Line: Average foreign currency deposits in percent of total bank deposits.
(...) Note: Includes 25 country cases of currency substitution since 1975, with
starting year normalized to t.
Language:English
Score: 1114102.5
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https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/W...s/Tommaso_Mancini-Griffoli.pdf
Data Source: un
INVESTMENTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS JOINT STAFF PENSION FUND : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
b/ The fund's investments are exposed to these currencies
through funds that are traded in other currencies.
c_/ Includes various investment trusts, which trade in
currencies other than the currencies of the investment.
(...) Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
Language:English
Score: 1112820.1
-
daccess-ods.un.org/acce.../get?open&DS=A/C.5/47/8&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
INVESTMENTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS JOINT STAFF PENSION FUND : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Investments were held in
29 different currencies and 44 countries, 50 per cent of the assets was inve~ted n
currencies other than the United States dollar, which is the Fund's unit of
I • ••
Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
A/C.5/44/6
Engliflh
l'age 4
account. (...) ~J
100.0 7 632 100.0
-----
.._---
._--_._-- -_.-
/ ...
Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
Table a
TOTAL FUNDs AREA OF INVESTMENT (MARKET VALUE) AI bl
AS AT 31 MARCH 1989
(In millions of United States dollars)
AlC.5/44/6
English
Page 9
Investments
In currencies
other than Investments in
United States United States
dollars dollars Total
._--------_._----_..
(...) :.Q
.Q.
3.
04
5.
57
-
Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
Language:English
Score: 1112641.2
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce.../get?open&DS=A/C.5/44/6&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
PROPOSED PROGRAMME BUDGET FOR THE BIENNIUM 1988-1989. PART 4, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES, SECTION 24, REGULAR PROGRAMME OF TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
The estimate for
inflation and currency exchange rates in 1988-1989 has been calculated as follows:
for all the sectors under the programme component, Sectora1 advisory services,
except for human rights, human settlements and international trade and development
-5-
Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
finance, the inflation assumption for New York was used (3 per cent in 1988 and
1989), for human rights and international trade and development finance, the
inflation (1.7 per cent in 1988 and 1989) and currency exchange rate assumptions
for Geneva were usedJ for the human settlements sector, the inflation (9 per cent
in 1988 and 1989) and currency exchange rate assumptions for Nairobi were used, for
the programme component, Regional and subregional advisory services, the inflation
(which averages out to 4.5 per cent in 1988 and 1989) and currency exchange rate
assumptions for the locations of the four regional commissions concerned were used,
finally, the inflation (1 per cent in 1988 and 1989) and currency exchange rate
assumptions for Vienna were used for the activities for the advancement of women.
-6-
Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library
TA
BL
E
2
4
.4
.
(...) Training
(a) Resource requirements: regular budget (excluding non-convertible
currencies): $126,300 (3 per cent of sector total).
Language:English
Score: 1110524
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...open&DS=A/42/6(SECT.24)&Lang=E
Data Source: ods
