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European Union Reference Material | UNECE Skip to main content English Advanced Search   Main navigation About UNECE Executive Secretary Mission Organizational structure Secretariat Executive Committee Commission Legal instruments Work with us Our work Economic Cooperation & Integration Environmental Policy Forests Housing & Land Population Sustainable Energy Statistics Trade Transport Themes High-impact Areas Circular Economy Gender SPECA Technical cooperation THE PEP UN SG's Special Envoy for Road Safety UN Road Safety Fund UN cooperation in the UNECE region Regional Forum on Sustainable Development SDGs Open UNECE Events Meetings & Events Information for Delegates Coronavirus Advisory Publications Media Executive Secretary's Blog News Press Releases Covid-19 Press Releases Speeches Stories UNECE Weekly Videos UNECE European Union Reference Material More options TER TER About Us About Objectives Results Programme of Work Maps National Coordinators TER Standards Trust Fund Agreement European Union Reference Material TEM and TER Master Plan Meeting Documents before 2021 (ARCHIVE) Steering Committees TEM and TER Publications Contact us European Union Reference Material TER - European Union Transport Policy - Official Journal of the European Union L 164 - 30.04.2004 REGULATION (EC) No 881/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 establishing a European Railway Agency (Agency Regulation) DIRECTIVE 2004/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 on safety on the Community's railways and amending Council Directive 95/18/EC on the licensing of railway undertakings and Directive 2001/14/EC on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastructure and safety certification (Railway Safety Directive) DIRECTIVE 2004/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 amending Council Directive 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system and Directive 2001/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system DIRECTIVE 2004/51/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 amending Council Directive 91/440/EEC on the development of the Community's railways PDF - Proposal of the Council Regulation on the establishment of a regime of local border traffic at the external land borders of the member states   PDF - Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and the Council amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network - COM (2003) 564 final, 1 October 2003   PDF - Directive 2001/16/EC on interoperability PDF - Amending Directive 2001/14/EC PDF - EC Communication Towards an Integrated European Railway Area PDF - European Parliament Report on the Commission White Paper (A5-0444/2002 Final, 9 December 2002) PDF - EC proposal for amendment of Council Regulation No 2236/95 laying down general rules for the granting of Community financial aid in the field of trans-European networks PDF - EC Proposal for amendment of Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network PDF - EC Document on Transport and Energy infrastructure in South East Europe PDF - European Commission White Paper - European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to decide - COM(2001) 370 Brussels, 12/9/2001 PDF - European Commission Consultation Paper - The Marco Polo Programme: A new Promotion Concept for Alternatives to Road Transport- June 2001 PDF - Directive 2001/12/EC of 26 February 2001, amending Council Directive 91/440/EC on the development of the Community's railways- Official Journal of the European Communities L 75/1 - 15.3.2001 PDF - Directive 2001/13/EC of 26 February 2001, amending Council Directive 95/18/EC on the licensing of railway undertakings - Official Journal of the European Communities L 75/26 - 15.3.2001 PDF - Directive 2001/14/EC of 26 February 2001, on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and levying for the use of railway infrastructure and safety certification - Official Journal of the European Communities L 75/29 - 15.3.2001 PDF ABOUT UNECE Mission Executive Secretary Organizational Structure OPPORTUNITIES Vacancies Internship Programme RESOURCES Statistical Database Evaluations Follow UNECE Facebook Twitter Contact us Flickr Rss Youtube Instagram © United Nations Economic Commission for Europe | Terms and Conditions of Use | Privacy Notice Contact us

Score: 420398.9 - https://unece.org/european-union-reference-material-0

  Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG

Background There are two types of direct mode in JFCD [1]. One is temporal technique of direct mode and the other is spatial technique of direct mode. (...) Direct temporal is much better than direct spatial for container and tempete sequences, while direct temporal is much worse than direct spatial for foreman sequence. In the result of SD sequences, temporal direct is much better than spatial direct for tempete.

Score: 420363.5 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-a...e/2002_12_Awaji/JVT-F062r1.doc

  Joint Video Team (MPEG+ITU) Document

[Tourapis+] Performance Comparison of Temporal and Spatial Direct Mode JVT-E036 Info. [Topiwala] Verification of Direct Mode Techniques JVT-E037 Info. (...) [Tourapis+] Verification of MH Picture Proposal JVT-E071 Prop. [Suzuki+] Study of Direct Mode JVT-E076 Prop. [Kadono+] Memory Reduction for Temporal Direct Mode JVT-E077 Prop. (...) Spatial and Temporal Direct Modes JVT-E097 Prop. [Jeon] Clean up of temporal direct mode File:JVT-E018.doc Page: 2 Date Saved: 2002-10-04

Score: 420076.66 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-a...te/2002_10_Geneva/JVT-E018.doc

  ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group Document

The experiments did not include a full bi-directional mode with motion vectors in both directions. The direct mode was implemented in a similar manner to B pictures with direct mode in H.263+. (...) A closer examination of the problem showed that it was bi-directionally predicted macroblocks coded in the direct mode that were coded poorly, simply because the interpolated prediction did not match the actual image content well.

Score: 420032.23 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-a...video-site/0008_Por/q15k44.doc

  Microsoft PowerPoint - ACI GRF DNA- Session 5 - Understanding RCAM.pptx

GOOD 4 Braking deceleration OR directional control is between Good and Medium. GOOD TO MEDIUM 3  WET (“slippery wet” runway) Braking deceleration is noticeably reduced for the wheel braking effort applied OR directional control is noticeably reduced. (...) GOOD 4 Braking deceleration OR directional control is between Good and Medium. GOOD TO MEDIUM 3  WET (“slippery wet” runway) Braking deceleration is noticeably reduced for the wheel braking effort applied OR directional control is noticeably reduced. (...) GOOD 4 Braking deceleration OR directional control is between Good and Medium. GOOD TO MEDIUM 3  WET (“slippery wet” runway) Braking deceleration is noticeably reduced for the wheel braking effort applied OR directional control is noticeably reduced.

Score: 420027.4 - https://www.icao.int/WACAF/Doc...n5_Understanding%20RCAM-PN.pdf

  TIERED PRICES (or Di

WHY ARE TIERED PRICES ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE If we look at what the cost of a product is composed of : 1) The most tiny part (often < 15 %) is represented by the variable costs : * raw materials * packaging * variable utilities * direct labor * container WHY ARE TIERED PRICES ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE The essence of the cost is represented by non variable costs : Fixed production costs : * Staff * Industrial site management * Supervision * Site utilities * QC / QA * Maintenance * Industrial planning * Depreciation * Industrial engineering R & D Administration costs * Marketing & selling * Administration And The Profit • THESE NON VARIABLE COSTS (INCLUDINGTHESE NON VARIABLE COSTS (INCLUDINGTHESE NON VARIABLE COSTS (INCLUDINGTHESE NON VARIABLE COSTS (INCLUDING PROFITS) CAN BE ARBITRARILY ALLOCATED,PROFITS) CAN BE ARBITRARILY ALLOCATED,PROFITS) CAN BE ARBITRARILY ALLOCATED,PROFITS) CAN BE ARBITRARILY ALLOCATED, WHICH EXPLAINS THE PRICING FLEXIBILITY.WHICH EXPLAINS THE PRICING FLEXIBILITY.WHICH EXPLAINS THE PRICING FLEXIBILITY.WHICH EXPLAINS THE PRICING FLEXIBILITY. N.B.N.B.N.B.N.B. 1) This 1) This 1) This 1) This evolution evolution evolution evolution in in in in the the the the ratio direct ratio direct ratio direct ratio direct / indirect/ indirect/ indirect/ indirect costs is costs is costs is costs is one of one of one of one of the caracteristics the caracteristics the caracteristics the caracteristics of modernof modernof modernof modern economieseconomieseconomieseconomies 2) This trend 2) This trend 2) This trend 2) This trend would still be would still be would still be would still be more important ifmore important ifmore important ifmore important if we were considering we were considering we were considering we were considering distribution distribution distribution distribution costs andcosts andcosts andcosts and taxestaxestaxestaxes 0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D PROFIT 0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 Industrial Countries Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (Fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (Fixed) Administrative & Marketing costs R & D Profit 0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 Industrial Countries Developing Countries Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Direct Costs Direct Costs 0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 Industrial Countries Developing Countries Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Direct Costs Direct Costs Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit 0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 Industrial Countries Developing Countries Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administra- tive & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Direct Costs Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (fixed) Administrative & Marketing Costs R & D Profit Direct Costs Indirect Costs of Production (Fixed) FOR A COMPANY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO A LARGE EXTENT, TO IMPROVE THE GLOBAL PROFITABILITY IN SELLING ADDITIONAL QUANTITIES OF VACCINES AT A PRICE LESS THAN THE « FULLY LOADED COST » THE FINANCIAL LIMITS OF THE SYSTEMTHE FINANCIAL LIMITS OF THE SYSTEMTHE FINANCIAL LIMITS OF THE SYSTEMTHE FINANCIAL LIMITS OF THE SYSTEM Tiered prices Tiered prices Tiered prices Tiered prices have to have to have to have to rely rely rely rely on on on on the the the the existence of a existence of a existence of a existence of a solid marketsolid marketsolid marketsolid market in in in in industrial industrial industrial industrial countries countries countries countries These principles can apply These principles can apply These principles can apply These principles can apply if if if if and when and when and when and when freefreefreefree production production production production capacitiescapacitiescapacitiescapacities do do do do existexistexistexist In all In all In all In all otherotherotherother cases, cases, cases, cases, where where where where building up a newbuilding up a newbuilding up a newbuilding up a new production production production production capacity is necessarycapacity is necessarycapacity is necessarycapacity is necessary, the , the , the , the decisiondecisiondecisiondecision making process is subjectmaking process is subjectmaking process is subjectmaking process is subject to the to the to the to the regularregularregularregular allocation of allocation of allocation of allocation of resourcesresourcesresourcesresources....

Score: 419941.16 - https://www.wto.org/english/tr...presentations_e/16martin_e.pdf

  Technical Paper FSTP-CONF-F921 "Compliance procedure and requirements for audio-based indoor and out

They are different to mobile device operating system alerts. 3.2.15 objects: Small features in the physical environment, e.g. a lift control button. 3.2.16 orthogonal: Means of communicating general directions to a user which is different to the 'degree' approach and uses directions based on 90 degree angles from a direction straight ahead. 3.2.17 pathways: Corridors, ramps, tunnels, subways, escalators, stairs or lifts (elevators), footways and road crossings. 3.2.18 platforms: A boarding facility to provide access to rail-mounted vehicles. 3.2.19 proportional directions: Means of communicating general directions to a user which is different to the 'clock face' or 'degree' approach and uses terms as 'straight', 'ahead', 'left' and right'. 3.2.20 segments: Distinctive areas in an environment, e.g. a railway station forecourt. 3.2.21 sequential delimiters: Words or phrases that limit the relationship of one object to communicate directions, e.g., after (the gates). (...) Table 7.1 provides a checklist of conformance requirements regarding the provision of directions (see clause 8 of [ITU-T F.921]). To conform to [ITU-T F.921], the approach to providing directions must include any of the following conditions: a clock face; degree; proportional; orthogonal; or allocentric approach. (...) I.1 Format of provision of directions checklist Table I-1 – Checklist concerning the format of provision of directions Category Implementation Reference Status Support Remarks Approach to provision of directions Clock face approach 8 C*1 Degree approach 8 C*1 Proportional approach 8 C*1 Orthogonal approach 8 C*1 Allocentric approach 8 C*1 NOTE – At least one approach is required.

Score: 419895.1 - https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/it...FSTP-2018-CONF.F921-MSW-E.docx

  Printing - Delimitation Treaties InfoBase

Line II: From the position on the low-water line Iying in a 108½º direction from Point No. 59A/5, as defined in Schedule A to this Annex, in a 108½º direction for 7.8 miles; and then in a 136º direction. Line III: From the position on the low-water line Iying in a 170º direction from Point No. 41B/10, as defined in Schedule B to this Annex, in a 170º direction for 3.8 miles; then in a 136º direction for 3.1 miles; and then in a 156º direction. Line IV: From the position on the low-water line Iying in a 103º direction from Point No. 42B/3, as defined in Schedule B to this Annex, in a 103º direction for 0.9 miles; then in a 150º direction for 6.3 miles; and then in a 176º direction. 3.

Score: 419863.6 - https://www.un.org/depts/los/L...ILES/TREATIES/GBR-CYP1960A.PDF

  World

What effect, if any, do you foresee on foreign direct investment, FDI. SAUVANT: Well the issue of to what extent foreign direct investment is affected by the talks in the WTO and by the negotiations of WTO has to be seen in a broader context - I mean the context of what determines flows of foreign direct investment. (...) How does that affect foreign direct investment, and the general things that you are covering in your report? (...) Incidentally, it’s an example also of showing where foreign direct investment had an important role to play in terms of stimulating exports in software from India, not only foreign direct investment but it did play a role as well.

Score: 419695.7 - https://www.un.org/webcast/worldchron/trans909.pdf

  SOURCE:

Furthermore, an ATM point-to-multipoint connection can only be extended from an uni-directional and not from a bi-directional connection. (...) Moreover, the use of uni-directional ATM connections even for point-to-point conferencing is consistent with the actual use of uni-directional UDP streams in case of H.323 over IP only. (...) We therefore propose that H.323 Annex C should specify that the use of uni-directional logical channels is the preferred metho

Score: 419407.1 - https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-a...997-2000/9706_Her/APC-1217.DOC