While this distinction was essential to the consistency of the supervisory system as a whole, it had been diluted in the practice of the Organization.
7. (...) The representative of the Director-General stressed that the distinction between questions of law and questions of fact would not be a binding criterion. (...) Such a distinction was not always self-evident, and in most cases both fact and law were involved.
Language:English
Score: 617111.6
-
www.ilo.org/public/engl.../relm/gb/docs/gb273/gb-8-1.htm
Data Source: un
While this distinction was essential to the consistency of the supervisory system as a whole, it had been diluted in the practice of the Organization.
7. (...) The representative of the Director-General stressed that the distinction between questions of law and questions of fact would not be a binding criterion. (...) Such a distinction was not always self-evident, and in most cases both fact and law were involved.
Language:English
Score: 617111.6
-
https://www.ilo.org/public/eng.../relm/gb/docs/gb273/gb-8-1.htm
Data Source: un
Within each area he made a distinction between object and property descriptions and showed how the ITU-T languages and UML covered the six areas thus identified. It was argued that it is meaningful to talk about specification and design within each of the areas, using the same languages for both aspects. In his view the distinction between specification and design is not a language issue, but rather a methodology issue. (...) Jervis provided proposals for clear distinctions between specification, design and implementation languages.
Language:English
Score: 616916.4
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/philosophy/minutes.html
Data Source: un
While human mobility has become more global and frequent, traditional distinctions between voluntary, forced, regular or irregular, temporary, seasonal or long-term and permanent migration have become less clear-cut. (...) For example, a complex issue regarding the rights of people crossing borders stems from the increasingly blurred distinctions between forced and voluntary movement. While in principle they are normatively located in distinct legal categories, in practice refugees, asylum seekers and migrants (including irregular migrants) often move and live in similar physical spaces and are likely to have similar human rights needs, such as in relation to their right to health or to freedom from arbitrary or prolonged detention. (...) In the reality of contemporary mobility it can be difficult to neatly separate out distinct categories of people. Accordingly, while the international legal obligations of States to guarantee universal human rights to all human beings subject to their jurisdiction may be clearly provided in law, the reality for many migrants may be very different.
Language:English
Score: 616641.75
-
https://www.un.org/en/developm...18July2016/Jille_Belisario.pdf
Data Source: un
Folie 1
Introduction to QoS Concepts
Transmission Planning, QoE, User Perception, Distinction & Selection of
Appropriate Regulatory Approaches; Best Practice
Senior Engineer, TIS – ETSI STQ Vice Chair Joachim POMY
Contents
• Introduction to QoS Concepts
• Transmission Planning
• Quality of Experience (QoE)
• User Perception
• Distinction & Selection of Appropriate
Regulatory Approaches
• Best Practice
Where it All Begins:
Real Communication Situation
... and where End-to-End Quality comes to Play:
Employing a Telecommunication System
... can you
hear me ?
(...) G.1000 Defines four Viewpoints of QoS – Customer's QoS Rrequirements
– Service provider's offerings of QoS (or targeted QoS)
– QoS achieved or delivered
– Customer survey ratings of QoS
• Ideally there would be 1:1 Correspondence between Delivered QoS and Perceived QoS
4 Viewpoints of QoS
T1213040-02
CUSTOMER
Customer’s QoS
Requirements
QoS Perceived
By Customer
QoS Offered By
Provider
QoS Achieved by
Provider
SERVICE
PROVIDER
Contents
• Introduction to QoS Concepts
• Transmission Planning
• Quality of Experience (QoE)
• User Perception
• Distinction & Selection of Appropriate
Regulatory Approaches
• Best Practice
ITU-T Rec. (...) • High quality has to be provided when demanded by business customers or
other sensible clients
• But the distribution of quality acceptance over time and areas cannot be matched with the occurrence of impairments in the network
– Not really useful for designing networks
• Users switch between different communication devices – Wireline, wireless, PC, PDA etc
– Depending on place, task, purpose • And depending on QUALITY
Key Parameters affecting MM Quality
• Media Distortion
• End-to-End Delay
• Echo Effects
• Information Loss
• Background Noise Distortion
• Loss of Synchronization between Media Streams
Impairments in packet networks
• Distinction between Effects – that occur in the Network and
– Mechanisms in the Terminals that are affected
• Terminals can be used to correct for the Effects in the Network
• Remaining Issues are: – End-to-End Delay is increased when compensating for other Effects
– Loss of Information can be Concealed but Not Recovered
Contents
• Introduction to QoS Concepts
• Transmission Planning
• Quality of Experience (QoE)
• User Perception
• Distinction & Selection of Appropriate
Regulatory Approaches
• Best Practice
Regulatory approaches
Regulation
orientated
Customer
orientated
Reporting To regulator To customer
Targets In regulations In contracts
Penalties Fines Compensation
…or a combination?
Language:English
Score: 616230.27
-
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech.../Presentations/01-Pomy-qos.pdf
Data Source: un
En raison de son dévouement exceptionnel et de sa contribution significative à l'amélioration du système d'asile en Serbie, il a été choisi comme lauréat régional pour l'Europe de la distinction Nansen du HCR pour les réfugiés, un prix annuel prestigieux qui honore ceux qui ont fait preuve d’une détermination sans faille pour soutenir les personnes déracinées et les apatrides. Il est le premier lauréat serbe de cette distinction.
« Le travail de Nikola a contribué à d'importantes améliorations apportées à la procédure d'asile en Serbie, avec une augmentation consécutive du nombre de réfugiés bénéficiant d'une protection internationale », souligne Francesca Bonelli, représentante du HCR en Serbie. « Son dévouement à la cause des réfugiés en Serbie montre l'importance de l'implication et de la contribution de chacun à la protection des personnes contraintes de fuir leur foyer. (...) Partager sur Facebook
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Language:English
Score: 614366.55
-
https://www.unhcr.org/fr/news/...roits-refugies-demandeurs.html
Data Source: un
Thus, for both individuals and societies, internal displacement can produce a distinctive impact.
Internal Displacement, Internal Migration and Refugee Flows 3
2. (...) The same is true for the distinct access and security implications of working with conflict-IDPs as compared to ref- ugees fleeing conflicts. To this end, the analysis here suggests the need for more careful attention to the potentially distinct social profiles of those who end up, respectively, as IDPs and refugees.
Language:English
Score: 614366.55
-
https://www.un.org/internal-di...sion_ws6_refugees_and_idps.pdf
Data Source: un
In order to avoid duplicate counting at the national level and/or at the regional/international centre level,
primarily distinct accessions stored in the base collections should be reported. (...) Each accession should be distinct and, in terms of genetic integrity, as close as possible to the sample
provided originally.
(...) Active collection: An active collection is defined as a set of distinct accessions that is used for
regeneration, multiplication, distribution, characterization and evaluation.
Language:English
Score: 614366.55
-
https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/...docs/Metadata-02-05-01_PGR.pdf
Data Source: un
Thus, it is clarified here that the Cape Verde Telecom, SA, operator in fundamental services that provides complementary services must make such services entrepreneurially autonomous, creating to that effect juridical distinct entities, whose capital may be open to third parties.
(...) Thus, it is clarified here that the Cape Verde Telecom, SA, operator in fundamental services that provides complementary services must make such services entrepreneurially autonomous, creating to that effect juridical distinct entities, whose capital may be open to third parties.
(...) For the purpose of the provisions of the preceding number, Cabo Verde
Telecom, SA, make its licenses services autonomous, creating to that effect juridical distinct entities.
3. Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding number, the licensing titles are not transferable to provide mobile complementary telecommunication services attributed under the terms of this article.
Language:English
Score: 612440.1
-
https://www.wto.org/english/th...c_e/cpv_e/WTACCCPV18_LEG_8.pdf
Data Source: un
They have retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live. Despite their cultural differences, indigenous peoples from around the world share common problems related to the protection of their rights as distinct peoples.
Indigenous peoples today, are arguably among the most vulnerable groups of people in the world. The international community now recognizes that special measures are required to protect their rights and maintain their distinct cultures and way of life. This International Day is an opportunity to raise public awareness of their precarious situation.
Language:English
Score: 612440.1
-
https://en.unesco.org/commemor...ions/indigenouspeoplesday/2018
Data Source: un
