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Many Member States cited climate change and environmental degradation as major drivers of global insecurity. In several regions of the world, environmental deg- radation had caused significant instability. (...) Some delegations emphasized that marginalization and exclusion, of women, young people and minorities in particular, were drivers of violence that could desta- bilize entire regions. (...) The violation of human rights has been cited by many as one of the main drivers of conflict. The Security Council needs to strengthen synergy with the Human Rights Council.

Revision of the national action programme and inclusion of a knowledge-based identification of drivers of desertification, land degradation and drought and their interaction (Global) ................... 22 13. (...) Table 15 Self-assessment of aligned national action programmes (Asia) Subregion Knowledge-based identification and analysis of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of DLDD Knowledge-based identification and analysis of the inter- action between DLDD and climate change and biodi- versity Assess- ment of the barri- ers to SLMa Recommen- dations for removing the barriers to SLMa in- cluded Data for the indicators available Trends in abun- dance and distri- bution of selected species Trend in carbon stocks above and below ground Central Asia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (...) Table 17 Self-assessment of aligned national action programmes (Northern Mediterranean) Region Knowledge-based identification and analysis of bio- physical and socioeconomic drivers of DLDD Knowledge-based identification and analysis of the interaction between DLDD and climate change and biodi- versity Assessment of the barri- ers to SLMa Recommen- dations for removing the barriers to SLMa includ- ed Data for the indicators available Trends in abun- dance and dis- tribution of selected species Trend in carbon stocks above and below ground Northern Mediterranean (total) 5 5 5 5 5 5 a Sustainable land management.

A/HRC/48/NI/9 GE.21-13463 5 of this technology despite evidence that it is more difficult for some people to use it based on the colour of their skin.”27 Concerns have been raised by private hire taxi drivers and couriers that have been publicised in media reporting.28 Many Uber drivers are required to take a real-time photograph of them- selves for verification via facial recognition software before accessing the app. The photo is then checked against the driver’s account. Drivers from ethnic minority backgrounds have failed the facial recognition check, and been unable to work as a result. (...) Those most frequently referred to the triage system include Albania, India, Pakistan and 27 New Scientist (2019), UK launched passport photo checker it knew would fail with dark skin. 28 Wired (2021), Couriers say Uber’s ‘racist’ facial identification tech got them fired. 29 ITV (2021), Uber drivers claim they were fired after company's identification software failed to recognise their faces. 30 Joint Council for the Welfare of immigrants (2020), We won!

In a recent Systematic Literature Review on Drivers of Violence affecting Children in the Philippines (2015), migration has been identified as one of the drivers of physical, sexual and emotional violence against children. 3. (...) Adjusting to the changes brought about by parental migration, children become susceptible to bullying, poorer social adjustment, constant wish to be with parent and longing for parent’s love, enmeshment and reversal of roles with older children becoming caregivers to their siblings, changing roles of parents, migration perceived as the passport to a better life without thinking of psychological costs, creating a generation that equates money and gifts to show care and love, and increased risk of abuse.”2 Alcohol Use is a Primary Driver of Violence in the Home 4. “There are existing laws that prohibit the sale of alcohol without a permit issued by the local government. (...) However, this program needs to be enhanced with prevention of VAC since the Systematic Literature Review on Drivers of Violence affecting Children in the Philippines (2015) noted that alcohol use is a primary driver of violence in the home.”3 Information and Communications technology have changed the opportunity, scale, form and impact of exploitation and violence. 5.

Another unacceptable and unjustified behaviour of the Greek Cypriot side which occurred during the reporting period, particularly October 2012, involves the difficulties created by the Greek Cypriot police to the drivers of Turkish Cypriot commercial vehicles A/HRC/22/G/20 6 GE.13-12743 (taxis and rent-a-cars) while they were travelling in South Cyprus, usually transferring tourists to and from airports in the South. According to the testimonies of the members of the Turkish Cypriot Tourism and Travel Agents Union, TRNC Rent-a-car Companies’ Union, Turkish Cypriot United Taxi Drivers’ Union and Hoteliers’ Union, the Greek Cypriot policemen started stopping the TRNC registered cars almost every time they are spotted and, instead of routine traffic checks, they did their utmost to create difficulties, intimidate the drivers and their passengers, and go as far as fining the drivers on grounds of not wearing seat belts, despite the fact that they could clearly see that the seat belts of both the drivers and passengers were on. (...) Moreover, it is the testimony of these drivers as well as others that, upon their objections the Greek Cypriot policeman told them that “We will continue with these fines until we get back the money paid by our three policemen to your authorities”, referring to the provocative incident created in the Turkish Cypriot village of Akıncılar in September 2012 by Greek Cypriot policemen who violated the UN buffer zone and the territory of the TRNC unlawfully in pursuit of a Turkish Cypriot vehicle for alleged traffic offenses and who were arrested by Turkish Cypriot police.

GE.18-22319 (R) 250219 260219  Комитет по рассмотрению осуществления Конвенции Семнадцатая сессия

Организация Объединенных Наций FCCC/CP/2015/8 Рамочная конвенция об изменении климата Distr.: General 20 November 2015

" Sophocles Zarifa Abdul Hamid, was the only survivor of a group of people who shared a taxi — the driver and her four corapanions were all killed. She was on a visit from the West Bank to see her son who x^ orks in Amman. (...) Nora Perry 'X •« The four truck drivers, residents of the West -^ ank, were killed as a result of the Israeli air attack» Trucks traveling from the West Bank to the East Bank carrying vegetables and fruits to Jordanian markets.

Subregion Population, earliest reported year (1000's) People in poverty, earliest reported year (1000's) Population, latest reported year (1000's) People in poverty, latest reported year (1000's) Change in number of people in poverty (1000's) Percentage of people in poverty, earliest reported year (%) Percentage of people in poverty, latest reported year (%) Percentage change in number of people in poverty, earliest vs latest reported (%) Central Africa 95 679 58 713 113 100 64 519 5 806 61 57 10 Eastern Africa 81 762 44 599 92 562 41 002 -3 597 55 44 -8 Northern Africa 145 533 17 167 181 097 31 227 14 060 12 17 82 Southern Africa 148 875 65 453 157 318 71 361 5 908 44 45 9 Western Africa 111 652 58 447 148 790 64 822 6 376 52 44 11 Africa (total) 583 501 244 379 692 868 272 931 28 552 42 39 12 Central Asia 12 548 4 842 14 725 2 635 -2 207 39 18 -46 East Asia 1 374 263 206 139 1 404 618 96 919 -109 221 15 7 -53 Pacific 1 113 327 1127 321 -6 29 28 -2 South Asia 1 129 534 485 498 1 476 517 318 821 -166 677 43 22 -34 South East Asia 190 668 35 056 222 018 25 264 -9 792 18 11 -28 West Asia 117 917 20 610 135 100 22 882 2 272 17 17 11 Asia (total) 2 826 043 752 472 3 254 105 466 842 -285 630 27 14 -38 Andean 41 447 20 599 49 272 13 254 -7 345 50 27 -36 Caribbean 23 531 7 539 24 255 7 397 -143 32 30 -2 Mesoamerica 13 668 3 586 15 152 3 335 -251 26 22 -7 South Cone 195 961 22 223 227 172 7 506 -14 717 11 3 -66 LAC (total) 274 608 53 948 315 851 31 492 -22 456 20 10 -42 NMED (total) 14 259 1 472 13 835 1 490 18 10 11 1 CEE (total) 91 769 9 313 87 453 6 072 -3 242 10 7 -35 Global 3 828 540 1 061 661 4 402 357 779 019 -28 2643 28 18 -27 Notes: LAC = Latin America and Caribbean, NMED = Northern Mediterranean, CEE = Central and Eastern Europe ICCD/CRIC(17)/4 16 GE.18-22577 Table 3 The number of times direct drivers were attributed to global trends in poverty Trend Deforestation Improper management of annual, perennial, scrub and tree crops Urbanization Over- grazing Over- exploitation of vegetation for domestic use Improper soil management Discharges Industrial activities Any other Decreasing 1 0 7 0 0 0 1 8 17 Increasing 9 11 5 5 6 10 1 2 12 Table 4 The number of times that indirect drivers were attributed to global trends in poverty Trend Population pressure Poverty Governance, institutional settings and policies Labour availability Land tenure Education, access to knowledge and support services War and conflict Any other Decreasing 1 3 13 4 3 15 0 5 Increasing 10 19 7 2 9 9 4 6 Table 5 Reported hotspots, brightspots and any other locations in relation to poverty and inequality Region Hotspots Brightspots Any Other Africa 61 16 10 Asia 28 3 5 LAC 38 8 1 NMED 2 0 0 CEE 7 0 1 Global 136 27 17 Notes: LAC = Latin America and Caribbean, NMED = Northern Mediterranean, CEE = Central and Eastern Europe IC C D /C R IC (1 7 )/4 G E .1 8 -2 2 5 7 7 1 7 Proportion of the population below the international poverty line figures Figure 1 Source of information used by reporting country Parties for trends in populations living below the international poverty line IC C D /C R IC (1 7 )/4 1 8 G E .1 8 -2 2 5 7 7 Figure 2 Percentage of total population living below the international poverty line as reported for the latest year by country Parties IC C D /C R IC (1 7 )/4 G E .1 8 -2 2 5 7 7 1 9 Figure 3 Annual average change in the total percentage of the population below the international poverty line for the reported period where country Parties reported for two or more years (note: each period is specific to each country Party). (...) Table 8 The number of times that direct drivers were attributed to global trends in income inequality (Gini index) Trend De- forestation Improper management of annual, perennial, scrub and tree crops Urbanization Over- grazing Over- exploitation of vegetation for domestic use Improper soil management Release of airborne pollutants Disturbance of the water cycle Discharges Industrial activities Any other Decreasing 1 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 7 14 Increasing 3 7 6 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 6 ICCD/CRIC(17)/4 GE.18-22577 23 Table 9 The number of times that indirect drivers were attributed to global trends in income inequality (Gini index) Trend Population pressure Poverty Governance, institutional settings and policies Labour availability Land tenure Education, access to knowledge and support services War and conflict Any other Decreasing 1 3 11 2 2 8 0 3 Increasing 7 7 8 5 4 11 2 3 IC C D /C R IC (1 7 )/4 2 4 G E .1 8 -2 2 5 7 7 Income inequality (Gini Index) figures Figure 5 Source of information used by reporting country Parties for trends in income inequality in affected areas (Gini index) ICCD/CRIC(17)/4 GE.18-22577 25 Figure 6 Histograms of the latest year of the Gini index and the annual rate of change of the Gini index IC C D /C R IC (1 7 )/4 2 6 G E .1 8 -2 2