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There are instances where we find that there were no adequate or equitable benefits from international cooperation even in cases where samples are taken from developing countries (...) S 10/8 AM Bangladesh There is need for effective mechanism to ensure the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of Article X. (...) We may have to find a more effective approach to the extension of support to those countries that stand in need.

In particular, their rights to their lands, natural resources and territories, and to the benefits from their traditional knowledge should be protected. (...) The cost of their development should be equitably shared, and their benefits should be equitably distributed between and within countries. (...) Unsustainable debt burdens should not be permitted to threaten State efforts to fulfil their human rights obligations. All States would benefit from a permanent, fair and effective sovereign debt workout mechanism.

There are instances where we find that there are not adequate or equitable benefits from international cooperation even in cases where samples are taken from developing countries. (...) S 4/8 AM Iran (NAM) NAM and Other States Parties to the BWC therefore reiterate their firm position on the need for an effective mechanism to ensure the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of the Article X. (...) China calls on the States Parties to actively implement Article X, by giving full consideration to the reasonable need of developing countries for bioscience, materials and equipment, and further explore ideas and measures of international cooperation, to truly benefit the developing countries. S 4/8 AM China Relevant countries should not link Article III with Article X of the Convention S 7/8 PM Pakistan Pakistan reiterates the urgent need to develop an effective mechanism to ensure the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of Article X.

Moreover, there is no effective mechanism to ensure that victims of discrimination have access to a remedy. 15. (...) Since 1995 – when a new social security system came into effect –, key components have been covered, including social welfare services, assistance benefits, employment services and social insurance for working people to palliate the risk of falling into poverty.35 There are several schemes in place that provide financial support to a variety of vulnerable groups, including children, people with disabilities and older persons. 67. (...) Universal benefits can also reduce opportunities for corruption as they are available to all who meet the requirements, and there is no stigma attached. 75.

While recognizing the potential long-term positive effects and opportunities created by economic growth resulting from accession to the A/HRC/4/9/Add.2 Page 10 European Union and future Euro-Zone entry, due to persistent discrimination in the labour markets, the Roma will likely be the last to benefit from new employment opportunities. The urgent situation of the Roma warrants continued dedicated attention and funding by Government institutions, sufficient to ensure effective and sustainable solutions. 33. (...) A/HRC/4/9/Add.2 Page 14 54. Social welfare benefits are available upon application and are important in alleviating poverty. However, it is likely that due to lack of information and inadequate coverage of an effective social worker system in disadvantaged areas and isolated settlements, a relatively high percentage of Roma are failing to apply for full benefits to which they are entitled. 55.

He then gave a list of benefits and challenges for each of the four options. 26. (...) The following five questions were posed to guide discussions: a) Why do we need an effective UN body on forests? b) Why is the current one not effective? (...) The following five questions were posed to guide discussions: a) Why do we need an effective MG engagement? b) Why is the current MG engagement not effective?

Implementer: Member States, Commission Timeframe: 2002 onwards BWC/CONF.VI/WP.5 Page 8 Genetic resources Action 26 The Commission and the Member States will support the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in developing countries and their equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use by: (i) Supporting the development and enforcement of effective measures to conserve, to use sustainably and to provide access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge, as well as to share equitably the benefit arising from them, including income generated by intellectual property protection. (...) (iii) Supporting measures to promote greater regional co-ordination in legislation to minimise disparities in access, benefits and also trade in products derived from genetic resources, in accordance with international commitments. (...) The project resulted in the development of an action plan, which includes, inter alia: (i) Building a more sustained, pro-active and integrated approach to international surveillance for infectious diseases of humans, animals and plants; (ii) Developing effective and sustainable partnerships between richer and poorer countries that help provide infrastructure, technologies and skills to support detection, identification and monitoring activities, specifically the UK and Africa; (iii) A wide range of stakeholders will need to act together if the benefits are to be realised. 3.

Some additional questions may include whether men and women benefit equally from social insurance policies; whether social insurance benefits depend on marital status, linked to employment status, household or individual income, how long they last and what are conditions (for example, whether coverage is available to foreign workers, immigrants, refugees), among others. (...) Other questions concern who currently benefits from these revenues and how they may be redistributed more equitably as needed to advance social equity and human development. (...) Coordinated social action and implementation: Effective, responsive service provision employs a comprehensive approach to how people are involved with, receive and benefit from social services.

• Provide social protection and social security benefits particularly unemployment insurance, compensation for employment injury and old age pension for labor migrants while working abroad and/or upon their return (...) • Provide social protection and social security benefits particularly unemployment insurance, compensation for employment injury and old age pension for labor migrants while working abroad and/or upon their return (...) • Enhance the role of AU as well as other sub-regional/regional agencies in mobilizing financial/technical resources, harmonizing policies and programmes of action, and coordinating activities of Member States for effective border management. • Strengthen Inter-State Dialogue, Regional Consultations and Cooperation for effective migration and management of State borders.

The partial lapse of the statute of limitations should not be applied because, it takes into account the passage of time and thus it essentially has the same legal basis as the statute of limitations. If the effect of the partial lapse of statute of limitations is to preclude effective punishment, as required under the Declaration, it should not be applied. 29. (...) Firstly, the granting of any type of benefit must be subject to effective judicial oversight. Secondly, the particular seriousness of the offence must be considered when deciding to grant benefits. Thirdly, there must be a transparent process which provides appropriate public information on the criteria used for the granting of these benefits and the reasons for their award in each specific case.