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It advertises potent cannabis products with great variation in taste, strength and effect. (...) Cannabis varieties are marketed not merely for their psychoactive effects, but also for their taste and quality and the beauty of the plant. (...) This market presents itself as a “market of quality”: seeds are costly and promise potent cannabis products with great variation in taste, strength and effect.

The observer reported that the Expert Committee on Drug Dependence had noted that adverse effects of cannabis had been well documented. The immediate effects of consumption included impairment of movement and cognitive function, while long-term cannabis use was associated with increased risk of menta l health disorders such as anxiety, depression and psychotic illness. (...) The liability to abuse of Δ9-THC was almost identical to that of cannabis and the adverse effects of Δ9-THC were also almost identical to those of cannabis. (...) As Δ9-THC was liable to similar abuse as cannabis and had similar ill -effects, it met the criteria for inclusion in Schedule I of the 1961 Convention as amended.

There was also a trend among students to mix cannabis with other herbal preparation or with coffee or tea to make its effect more potent. 3. (...) Extent of cannabis cultivation 9. Cannabis cultivation was having a very negative effect on the subsistence economy of Ghana in the past few years. (...) Spraying by helicopter was much cheaper than the slash-and- burn operation previously utilized by the police and far more effective. 13. Cannabis was widely grown in Zambia.

He argues that the laws in question24 are applied in a way that negates the author’s right to practice and manifest his religion in as much as the freedom to use cannabis for religious purposes is denied to him. 5.5 The author submits that if exceptions to the prohibition of the use of cannabis could be made for medical and professional purposes and effectively enforced by the State party, exceptions to the prohibition of the use of cannabis could also be made and effectively enforced on religious grounds with no additional burden on the State party. (...) The Committee notes that the material before it is to the effect that the use of cannabis is inherent to the manifestation of the Rastafari religion. (...) CCPR/C/91/D/1474/2006 Page 14 the fundamental rights and freedoms of others, based on the harmful effects of cannabis, and that an exemption allowing a system of importation, transportation and distribution to Rastafarians may constitute a threat to the public at large, were any of the cannabis enter into general circulation.

We identify with those who were looking to free themselves from the grip of opiates however a side effect of the eventual elimination of this imperial trade in mind altering substances would cause cannabis to be no longer seen as a widely accepted ancient traditional herbal remedy and instead a dangerous narcotic. (...) In the United States, we have inherited a long effort to create patient access to cannabis medicine. In the mid 1800’s Dr O’shaughnessy brought cannabis to the attention of the medical profession inside of the United States and by 1900 cannabis had undergone serious inquiry by some of USA’s most prestigious institutions and cannabis was enshrined in the US pharmacopeia and dispensatory. (...) No one is advocating that all patients with cannabis-responsive disorders be forced to use cannabis.

When cannabis is used as a pain treatment, “given as an adjunct to opioids for chronic pain,”5 one of its best known characteristics is a “pill sparing effect,” which can help reduce the risk of opioid overdose and death. (...) The WHO acknowledged that cannabis is now well known to provide relief not available from other medications and with less negative side effects. (...) (Slovakia) CannaGIZ; Društvo-AREAL; Društvo-zeliščarjev-Pomurje; FIST-human-rights-association; Institut-ICANNA (Slovenia) Fields-of-Green-for-ALL (South Africa) ARSU; Asociación-Cannabio-Medicina-y-Adicción-La-Aldeilla; Dosemociones; APDO; CATNPUD; FEDCAC; Flecha-Verde; Fundación-Renovatio; Los-Mejores-Humos; OECCC; Pla-d'Accions-sobre-Drogues-de-Reus; Unión-de-Pacientes-por-la-Regulación-del-Cannabis (Spain) Spindoctor-Facilities (Suriname) IG-Hanf-Schweiz (Switzerland) Caribbean-Collective-for-Justice (Trinidad-and-Tobago) Athena-Women-Against-Cancer; Cannabis-Freedom-March-Kyiv; HPLGBT; Korolivskiy-lis; Ukrainian-Association-of-Medical-Cannabis; Urban-Initiatives-and-Social-Transformations; Veterans-Pro-Medical-Cannabis (Ukraine) Be:yond-Green; British-Hemp-Alliance; CANCARD; Cannabis-Trades-Association; CCGUIDE; Faircann-International; Hemp-Think-Tank; Northern-Ireland-Hemp-Association; Seed-our-Future-Campaign; UK-Medical-Cannabis-Clinicians-Society (United Kingdom) Academy-of-Cannabis-Education; A-Therapeutic-Alternative; Americans-for-Safe-Access; Anishinaabe-Agriculture-Institute; Association-of-Patient-Advocates; Balanced-Veterans; Berkeley-Patients-Group; California-NORML; Cannabis-for-Children-International; Cannabis-Health-Advocates; C.A.R.E.; Center-for-the-Study-of-Cannabis-and-Social-Policy; Decriminalize-Nature-Tucson; Drug-Policy-Forum-of-Texas; Ethical-Data-Alliance; Family- Council-on-Drug-Awareness; Full-Spectrum-Veteran; Hemp-for-the-Future; International- Medical-Cannabis-Patients-Coalition; Last-Prisoner-Project; Louisiana-Veterans-for- Medical-Cannabis; Marijuana-Policy-Project; Mendocino-Cannabis-Alliance; National- Cannabis-Industries-Association; New-England-Veterans-Alliance; National-Organization- for-Reform-of-Marijuana-Laws; Oaksterdam-University; Patients-Out-of-Time; Project-PC; Raha-Kudo-Design-for-Dying; Seattle-Hempfest; Society-of-Cannabis-Clinicians; Texas- Veterans-for-Medical-Marijuana; The-Grateful-Veteran; The-Veterans-Action-Council; TRUCE; Veterans-Alliance-for-Compassionate-Access; Veterans-Chapter-Pro-Cannabis- Medicinal-Inc.; Veterans-Ending-the-Stigma; Veterans-for-Medical-Cannabis-Access; Veterans-Initiative-22.

The Meeting was informed that the Government of Morocco and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime had completed a first survey of cannabis cultivation. The Office was called upon to develop the methodology for the cannabis survey in order to assist countries in Africa in assessing the extent of cannabis cultivation in the region. (...) Production of and trafficking in cannabis were linked to the proliferation of small arms and trafficking in other illicit commodities in Africa and contributed to instability in weakened countries; (b) Strong political commitment was required of the Governments of all African States in order for effective action to be taken against illicit cannabis production, trafficking and abuse; (c) Economic downturn in rural economies had led to a shift in many remote communities from the production of staple food crops to the illicit cultivation of cannabis, which offered significantly higher financial returns; (d) Cannabis was a cheap and easily available drug of abuse in most parts of Africa, despite intensified efforts to eradicate cannabis and seize cannabis consignments in Africa. The adverse effects of cannabis abuse was most serious among persons in the age groups that were the most productive in the African economy; (e) There was considerable smuggling of cannabis between countries in Africa; cannabis was also being smuggled out of Africa, to be sold on illicit markets in European countries and in the United States of America.