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With the advent of new technologies and business models in the region’s energy systems, traditional concepts of energy security and energy resilience may also have to evolve. 3. (...) Meanwhile, critical energy infrastructure is vulnerable to cyberattacks because it relies in many cases on outdated computer systems.[footnoteRef:5] Electric utilities are vulnerable across all parts of the system, from generation and transmission to distribution and metering (...) These materials are elements such as rare earth elements, lithium and cobalt that are used in wind turbine generators, solar panels, batteries and electric motors in electric vehicles, and high-efficiency lights.

Details of the theoretical topics are as follows: Module/ submodule Topic and hours 1 1.1 Structure, composition and dynamics of planetary atmospheres (60 hours) 1.1.1 Basic concepts of the Earth’s atmosphere (12 hours) Atmospheric nomenclature, hydrostatic equations, scale height, geopotential height; chemical concepts of the atmosphere; thermodynamic considerations, elementary chemical kinetics; composition and chemistry of middle atmosphere and thermosphere; thermal balance in the thermosphere; modelling of neutral atmosphere 1.1.2 Dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere (16 hours) Equation of motion of neutral atmosphere; thermal wind equation; elements of planetary waves; internal gravity waves and atmospheric tides; fundamental description of atmospheric dynamics and effects of dynamics on chemical species; lidar technique 1.1.3 Solar radiation and its effect on atmosphere (20 hours) Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere, attenuation of solar radiation in the atmosphere, radiative transfer, thermal effects of radiation, photochemical effects of radiation, modelling of radiative effects of aerosols 1.1.4 Atmospheres of planets and satellites (12 hours) Inner and outer planets; atmospheric structure and composition of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Saturn and their important satellites 1.2 Ionospheric physics (60 hours) 1.2.1 Structure and variability of the Earth’s ionosphere (12 hours) Introduction to ionosphere; photochemical processes; Chapman’s theory of photoionization; production of ionospheric layers; loss reactions and chemistry of ionospheric regions; morphology of the ionosphere 1.2.2 Ionospheric propagation and measurement techniques (16 hours) Effect of ionosphere on radio wave propagation; refraction, dispersion and polarization; magneto-ionic theory; critical frequency and virtual height; oblique propagation and maximum usable frequency; ground-based techniques—ionosonde; radars; scintillations and total electron content (TEC), photometers, imagers and interferometers, ionospheric absorption; rocket- and satellite-borne techniques—Langmuir probe, electric field probe, retarding potential analysers, mass spectrometers, magnetometers, vapour release, satellite drag for neutral density 1.2.3 Ionospheric plasma dynamics (16 hours) Basic fluid equations; steady state ionospheric plasma motions owing to applied forces; generation of electric fields; electric field mapping; collision frequencies; electrical conductivity; plasma diffusion; ionospheric dynamo; equatorial electrojet; ionospheric modelling 1.2.4 Airglow (8 hours) Nightglow; dayglow; twilight glow; aurora; applications of airglow measurements for ionospheric dynamics and composition 1.2.5 Ionospheres of other planets and satellites (8 hours) Ionospheres of Mars, Venus and Jupiter 3 A/AC.105/L.240 13 Module/ submodule Topic and hours 3.1 Solar wind, magnetosphere and space weather (60 hours) 3.1.1 Elements of solar physics (6 hours) Structure and composition of the Sun; the Sun as a source of radiation; sunspots and solar cycles; solar flares 3.1.2 Magnetic field of the Earth and other planets (12 hours) Models for generation of geomagnetic fields; secular variations of geomagnetic fields; international geomagnetic reference fields; local elements of geomagnetic fields; determinations of geomagnetic coordinates of stations; diurnal variation of geomagnetic fields; magnetic fields of other planets 3.1.3 Magnetosphere of the Earth and other planets (14 hours) Solar wind and its characteristics; interplanetary magnetic field and sector structure; formation of geomagnetic cavity, magnetopause; magnetosheath and bow shock; polar cusp and magnetotail; plasma sphere and Van Allen radiation belts; magnetosphere of other planets 3.1.4 Space weather (16 hours) Geomagnetic storms, sub-storms and current systems; coronal mass ejections; modification of the Earth’s magnetosphere during magnetic disturbances and its implications; effect of magnetic disturbance on high, mid, and low latitudes 3.1.5 Measurement techniques for solar and geomagnetic parameters (12 hours) Optical techniques for solar parameters; radio techniques for solar parameters; X-ray techniques for solar parameters; techniques for magnetic measurements 3.2 Astronomy and astrophysics (60 hours) 3.2.1 Introduction to astronomy and astrophysics (18 hours) Basic parameters in astronomical observations (magnitude scale, coordinate systems), stellar classification, Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, Saha equation, Jean’s criteria for stellar formation, stellar evolution, galaxy classification, cosmology 3.2.2 Astronomical instruments and observation techniques (12 hours) Telescopes: f/# (a telescope of focal ratio f/# has an aperture equal to one #th of its focal length), plate scale, types of telescopes, seeing conditions, diffraction limited resolution; photometers: spectrometers (interferometers, gratings), imaging detectors (microchannel plate (MPC), charged couple device (CCD) and IR arrays), high angular resolution techniques (speckle, lunar occultation, adaptive optics) 3.2.3 Optical and near IR studies of stars and galaxies (12 hours) Spectral energy distribution (in optical and IR bands) in stars, rotation of stars, study of binary stars, gaseous nebulae, extinction curve of interstellar matter, dust, rotation curves of galaxies, spectral energy distribution, colour-colour studies (imaging of galaxies in different bands) 3.2.4 High-energy astronomy (6 hours) Atmospheric transmission, detection techniques for X-rays and gamma rays, X-ray telescopes, imaging and spectroscopy, radiation processes, accretion disks in black holes and X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei 3.2.5 Radio astronomy (12 hours) Radio telescopes, aperture synthesis, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) techniques, very long base interferometry (VLBI), pulsars, radio galaxies, distribution of HI gas in galaxies, radiation mechanisms 3.3 Spacecraft design, construction and launch (details to be determined) A/AC.105/L.240 14 2. (...) Table 2 Syllabus followed in the second course Module/ submodule Topic Number of hours 1 1.1 Structure, composition and dynamics of the neutral atmosphere 50 1.1.1 Structure, composition, hydrostatic equilibrium, scale height thermodynamics A/AC.105/L.240 17 Module/ submodule Topic Number of hours 1.1.2 Solar radiation, its transfer through the atmosphere, aerosols and radiative effects of aerosols 1.1.3 Atmospheric dynamics, large-scale motions, tides’ gravity waves and turbulence 1.1.4 Greenhouse gases and trace gases: their chemistry and measuring techniques and global warming 1.1.5 Satellite measurement of neutral parameters 1.2 Plasma aspects of Earth’s environment 50 1.2.1 Geomagnetism, global electric circuit 1.2.2 Plasma physics 1.2.3 Magnetospheric processes and solar wind, solar activity 1.2.4 In-situ measurements of plasma parameters 1.2.5 Ionospheric irregularities 1.3 Astronomy and astrophysics 50 1.3.1 Basic astronomy (planetary, stellar and extragalactic) 1.3.2 Gamma-ray, X-ray and UV astronomy 1.3.3 Optical, IR and far IR astronomy 1.3.4 Millimeter wave, radio and solar astronomy 1.3.5 Recent advances in astronomical detection techniques 2 2.1 Measurement of mass of suspended particles 25 2.2 Surface monitoring of minor constituents 25 2.3 Determination of the slit function of a monochromator using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser as light source 25 2.4 Ionospheric sounding using an ionosonde 25 2.5 Low-current measurement using Langmuir probe 25 2.6 Optical imaging of plasma depletions 25 3 3.1 Ionospheric physics and radiowave propagation 3.1.1 Formation and structure of the ionosphere 3.1.2 Theory of ionospheric radio propagation 3.1.3 Radio sounding of the ionosphere (ionosonde, HF Doppler, meteor wind radar, spaced receiver technique, total electron content) 3.1.4 Ionosphere scintillations, tomography and GPS systems 3.1.5 Ionospheric radars (VHF backscatter radar, incoherent scatter radar and MST radar) 3.2 Optical and laboratory studies of space processes 3.2.1 Basic optics 3.2.2 Photometers and images 3.2.3 Spectral imaging of the atmosphere 3.2.4 Laser sounding of the atmosphere 3.2.5 Laboratory astrophysics A/AC.105/L.240 18 Module/ submodule Topic Number of hours 3.3 Modelling of atmospheric processes 3.3.1 Climate modelling 3.3.2 Modelling of the neutral atmosphere 3.3.3 Modelling of radiative effects of aerosol 3.3.4 Modelling of ionosphere 3.3.5 Numerical simulation of plasma bubbles 4 4.1 Absorption spectrometry to determine column density of minor constituents 25 4.2 Filter photometer for optical depth measurement 25 4.3 Measurement of Earth’s magnetic field by proton precession magnetometer 25 4.4 Interferometry using a Fabry-Perot interferometer 25 4.5 Measurement of transmission of MgF2 window 25 4.6 Characterization of interference filters 25 5 Pilot project a aTwo months. 5. (...) The detailed course content of the theoretical portion of the course was as follows: Module 1: Atmosphere Structure and composition, hydrostatic equilibrium, scale heights, thermo- dynamics, solar radiation and its transfer through atmosphere, aerosols and radiation Atmospheric electricity, global electric circuit Atmospheric dynamics, large-scale motions, tides, gravity waves, and turbulence Ozone, trace gases and chemistry, methods of measurements, ozone depletion; concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, global warming, long-term changes in atmosphere due to anthropogenic changes Module 2: Ionosphere and solar terrestrial interaction Basic plasma physics The sun, solar radiation, solar activity, solar wind, geomagnetism, magnetosphere Photoabsorption and photoionization, formation of ionospheric layers, magneto-ionic theory, radio propagation in ionosphere, radio sounding, maximum usable frequency (MUF) and high frequency (HF) radio link calculations, features of ionosphere at low latitudes, equatorial electrojet, equatorial sporadic-E and equatorial spread-F A/AC.105/L.240 21 Solar flares, geomagnetic storm and effects in the ionosphere, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling Radio propagation through ionosphere, Faraday rotation, differential phase and group delay measurements, ionospheric tomography, radiowave scintillations Radiowave scattering processes, coherent and incoherent backscatter radars Probe theory, probe characteristics, in-situ measurements, airglow emissions, principles of optical measurements, optical aeronomy High-energy astronomy, X-ray astronomy, X-ray sources, detection techniques; gamma-ray astronomy, sources, telescope and detectors in space, ground-based Cerenkov telescopes and very high energy gamma-ray astronomy; engineering trends and recent advances in detection techniques Space biology Module 3: Instrumentation techniques and data processing Radio sounding: ionosondes, HF Doppler technique, spaced receiver technique Radio beacon methods for electron content, tomography and scintillation studies Radars for atmospheric and ionospheric studies, coherent backscatter radar, incoherent backscatter radar, meteor radar and mesosphere/stratosphere/troposphere (MST) radar In-situ probes and artificial modification experiments, Langmuir probe, double probe, retarding potential analyser (RPA), magnetometer, mass spectrometer, and chemical release experiments; balloon-borne conductivity, ion density and electric field probes for stratosphere Optical aeronomy experiments, photometers, spectrometers, imaging camera for day and night airglow emissions Lidar techniques, principle and application, aerosol lidar, Rayleigh lidar, Doppler lidars and differential-absorption lidars (DIALs) Instrumentation for atmospheric chemistry and aerosol studies, Dobson absorption spectroscopy, cryosampler, gas chromatography, sun photometer, aerosol sampler, remote sensing techniques Techniques for laboratory measurements, instrumentation for laboratory experiments on photoabsorption and photoionization Instrumentation for astronomical observations, telescopes, polarimetry, high resolution and spectrophotometry and spectroscopy, array detectors Module 4: Modelling Ocean-atmosphere and land-atmosphere interaction, past climate studies Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone chemistry, aerosol-solar radiation interaction Continuity equation, ionospheric models, numerical simulation studies, ionospheric scintillations, planetary atmospheres A/AC.105/L.240 22 3.

Eligible focal area investments include de-centralized renewable energy with energy storage, electric drive technologies and electric mobility, accelerating energy efficiency adoption, and cleantech innovation. 6. (...) The key objectives of the program are to de-risk investments in electric vehicles through demonstration projects and to support participating countries in developing country- and context- specific policies and incentives for electric mobility. (...) As outlined in the 2018-2022 Adaptation Strategy, LDCF/SCCF project selection and approval transitioned in GEF-7 to a Work Program model at the start of this reporting period, under which projects selected based on strategic prioritization factors are presented for approval by the LDCF/SCCF Council.

For data on sustainable transport, efforts have been made to improve coverage of public and private investment in electric vehicles and charging infrastructure. However, high-quality data on private investments in sustainable agriculture, forestry and land use, water, waste, and adaptation and resilience are particularly lacking. (...) For the fourth BA, several new data sources have been used to track climate finance in areas that were not previously included, such as electric vehicle charging infrastructure, transport, water, waste and municipal investments. (...) Figure 2 Climate finance flows in 2017–2018 (Billions of United States dollars, annualized) Notes: (1) Value discounts transport energy efficiency estimates by 8.5 per cent to account for overlap with electric vehicle estimates, same as in previous years; (2) From Annex II to non-Annex I Parties.

Eligible focal area investments include de-centralized renewable energy with energy storage, electric drive technologies and electric mobility, accelerating energy efficiency adoption, and cleantech innovation. 5. (...) (c) In sustainable transport and urban systems, in the reporting period, ten additional country projects were approved in the Global Programme to Support Countries with the Shift to Electric Mobility, with $21.9 million in GEF funding, including PPGs and Agency Fees, leveraging $218.8 million in co-financing. (...) As outlined in the 2018-2022 Adaptation Strategy, LDCF/SCCF project selection and approval transitioned in GEF-7 to a Work Program model, under which projects selected based on strategic prioritization factors are presented for approval by the LDCF/SCCF Council.

Enabling Activities and Capacity Building ................................................................................ 92 Part IV: Evaluations by the GEF Independent Evaluation Office ....................................................... 98 Annex 1: GEF-7 Funding Envelopes and Allocations............................................................................ 103 Annex 2: List of FY21 Projects and Programs under the GEF Trust Fund ...................................... 108 Annex 3: List of FY21 Projects and Programs under the LDCF and the SCCF ............................... 126 Annex 4: Regional and Global Climate Technology Activities ........................................................... 138 Annex 5: National Climate Technology Activities ................................................................................. 148 Annex 6: Status Report on the LDCF and the SCCF for FY21 ............................................................. 170 Annex 7: Status Report on the CBIT Trust Fund for FY21 .................................................................. 179 FCCC/CP/2021/9 GE.21-13052 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Decisions Adopted by the UNFCCC COP 25 and CMA 2, Conclusions of SBI 51 and 50 and SBSTA 51 and 50, and GEF Response ................................................................................... 21 Table 2: Cumulative GEF Projects on Climate Change Mitigation by Region .................................... 55 Table 3: GEF Projects on Climate Change Mitigation by Phase ......................................................... 56 Table 4: GEF Funding for Project and Programs with Climate Change Mitigation Components ...... 60 Table 5: Expected Results from Project and Programs Approved in the Reporting Period .............. 60 Table 6: Core Indicators for the LDCF and the SCCF (2018-2022) ..................................................... 66 Table 7: Regional Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the LDCF in the Reporting Period.................................................................................................................................... 68 Table 8: Agency Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the LDCF in the Reporting Period.................................................................................................................................... 69 Table 9: Regional Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the SCCF in the Reporting Period.................................................................................................................................... 74 Table 10: Challenge Program for Adaptation Innovation Project Concepts Selected as at June 30, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Table 11: GEF Projects for Climate Technology Transfer and Financing Centers and the CTCN ....... 89 Table 12: Cumulative GEF Trust Fund Enabling Activities Projects by Region .................................. 92 Table 13: GEF Trust Fund Enabling Activities Projects by Phase ....................................................... 93 FCCC/CP/2021/9 6 GE.21-13052 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Cumulative GEF Projects on Climate Change Mitigation by Sectora .................................. 58 Figure 2: Annual and Cumulative Funding Approvals under the LDCF (as at June 30, 2021) ........... 67 Figure 3: Cumulative Regional Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the LDCF (as at June 30, 2021) ........................................................................................................... 68 Figure 4: Cumulative Agency Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the LDCF (as at June 30, 2021) ........................................................................................................... 69 Figure 5: Cumulative Regional Distribution of Projects Approved under the SCCF-A (as at June 30, 2021) ........................................................................................................... 72 Figure 6: Cumulative Regional Distribution of Projects Approved under the SCCF-B (as at June 30, 2021) ........................................................................................................... 72 Figure 7: Cumulative Agency Distribution of Projects and Programs Approved under the SCCF (as at June 30, 2021) ........................................................................................................... 73 Figure 8: Project Status of CBIT Portfolio by Fiscal Year (FY17 to FY21) ............................................ 82 Figure 9: CBIT Project Priorities per Type of Activity (as at June 30, 2021) ....................................... 84 FCCC/CP/2021/9 GE.21-13052 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AILAC Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean AMP Africa Minigrids Program BTR Biennial Transparency Report BUR Biennial Update Report C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group CAF Development Bank of Latin America CBA Community-based adaptation CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBIT Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency CBIT TF Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency Trust Fund CBO Community-based Organization CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCM Climate Change Mitigation CEIT Countries with Economy in Transition CEO Chief Executive Officer CGI Consultative Group of Experts CI Conservation International CMA Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CO2 eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent COP Conference of the Parties CSO Civil Society Organization CSP Country Support Program CTCN Climate Technology Centre and Network EA Enabling Activity EbA Ecosystem-based Adaptation EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECA Eastern Europe and Central Asia ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECW Expanded Constituency Workshop EST Environmentally Sound Technology ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FINTECC Finance and Technology Transfer Centre for Climate Change FOLUR Food Systems, Land Use and Restoration FSP Full-sized Project FY Fiscal Year GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GCA Global Commission on Adaptation GCF Green Climate Fund GEF Global Environment Facility GEFTF Global Environment Facility Trust Fund GGP GEF Gender Partnership GHG Greenhouse Gas GHGI Greenhouse Gas Inventory GHGMI Greenhouse Gas Management Institute GLEAM Global Livestock Environment Assessment Model GRP Global Resilience Partnership GSP Global Support Program HCFC Hydro-chlorofluorocarbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon IAP Integrated Approach Pilot ICAT Initiative for Climate Action Transparency FCCC/CP/2021/9 8 GE.21-13052 IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEO Independent Evaluation Office IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IGES Institute for Global Environmental Strategies INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IP Impact Program IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LAC Latin America and the Caribbean LCT Low-carbon Technology LDC Least Developed Country LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LDN Land Degradation Neutrality LEAP Low Emissions Analysis Platform LEG Least-developed Countries Expert Group LTV Long-term Vision MFA Multi-focal Area MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MoU Memorandum of Understanding MRV Measurement, Reporting and Verification MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MSP Medium-sized Project MSW Municipal Solid Waste Mt Megaton (106 tons) MTF Multi-trust Fund MTR Mid-term Review NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NBI Nature-based Infrastructure NbS Nature-based Solutions NC National Communication NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDE National Designated Entity NFMS National Forest Monitoring System NGI Non-grant Instrument NGO Non-governmental Organization ODS Ozone-depleting Substance OFP Operational Focal Point OPS Overall Performance Study PFAN Private Financing Advisory Network PFD Project Framework Document PIF Project Identification Form PIR Project Implementation Report PPG Project Preparation Grant PSES Private Sector Engagement Strategy PSP Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries SBI Subsidiary Body for Implementation SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice SCCE Strategic Country Cluster Evaluation SCCF Special Climate Change Fund SCCF-A Special Climate Change Fund Adaptation Program SCCF-B Special Climate Change Fund Program for Technology Transfer SCF Standing Committee on Finance SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SES Stakeholder Empowerment Series FCCC/CP/2021/9 GE.21-13052 9 SFM Sustainable Forest Management SGP Small Grants Program SIDS Small Island Developing State SLM Sustainable Land Management SME Small and Medium Enterprise SOFF Systematic Observations Financing Facility SPA Strategic Priority on Adaptation STAP Scientific, Technical and Advisory Panel STAR System for Transparent Allocation of Resources TAG Technical Advisory Group TAP Technology Action Plan TEC Technology Executive Committee TER Terminal Evaluation Report TNA Technology Needs Assessment UN-OHRLLS United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WRI World Resources Institute WWF World Wildlife Fund FCCC/CP/2021/9 10 GE.21-13052 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. (...) For CCA 18 projects and programs were approved which include financing toward CCA Objective 1 to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience through innovation and technology transfer for CCA, totaling $91.2 million, inclusive of GEF project financing, PPGs and Agency fees, and leveraged 9 This includes the Addendum to the project Global Programme to Support Countries with the Shift to Electric Mobility. 10 These projects are aligned with the objective of CCM-1: Promote innovation, technology transfer, and supportive policies and strategies. (...) Advancing coordination and collaboration in further expansion of the GEF-funded large-scale program on the Great Green Wall across the Sahelian countries; the Amazon Initiative; the SFM-REDD+ Initiative; and the implementation of the electric mobility portfolio are few examples. Gender Equality 42.

The project will focus on four components: (1) green buildings, including retrofitting existing buildings and piloting new near zero-emission buildings (including smart metering); (2) low-carbon energy mix, including on-site distributed generation from renewable energy and natural gas and purchase of green electricity; (3) green transport with a focus on electric buses; and (4) integrating green energy schemes to achieve low-carbon objectives. If successful, the Changning model has a wide replication potential in Shanghai and across China (...) The CEO endorsement request is to be submitted in May 2012. 21 Country Project title GEF Agency GEF Poznan Program Funding ($) Total GEF Funding ($) Co- financing ($) Comment on Progress Jamaica Introduction of Renewable Wave Energy Technologies for the Generation of Electric Power in Small Coastal Communities UNDP The Agency informed the GEF about its intention to cancel the project.

For summaries of these projects, please see Annex 2. 5 Table 1: Climate Change Mitigation Projects Approved under the GEF Trust Fund (From September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008) GEF Amount Country Strategic Program Project Type Project Title Agency Date of Approval (Mil $) Co- financing (Mil $) Indonesia OP7 FSP Micro-turbine Cogeneration Technology Application Project (MCTAP) UNDP 11/16/2007 2.59 12.38 China 2 FSP Thermal Power Efficiency World Bank 11/16/2007 19.70 143.80 China 1 FSP Market Transformation of Energy-Efficient Bricks and Rural Buildings (MTEBRB) UNDP 11/16/2007 7.00 28.00 China EA FSP Enabling China to Prepare Its Second National Communications to UNFCCC UNDP 11/16/2007 5.00 0.65 India 5 FSP Sustainable Urban Transport Project World Bank/UNDP 11/16/2007 22.50 352.73 Indonesia 3 FSP Sustainable Geothermal Power Generation Development Program World Bank 11/16/2007 4.00 5.17 Thailand 3 FSP Promoting Renewable Energy in Mae Hong Son Province UNDP 11/16/2007 2.99 4.00 Global 1 FSP Global Market Transformation for Efficient Lighting UNEP/UNDP 11/16/2007 5.00 12.00 Regional/Multi- country 6 FSP Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use of Peatland Forests in South-East Asia IFAD 11/16/2007 0.09 CC 4.21 BDLD 10.21 Global 6 FSP Carbon Benefits Project (CBP): Modeling, Measurement and Monitoring UNEP 11/16/2007 1.67 CC 3.33 BDLD 5.49 Ukraine 3 FSP Creating Markets for Renewable Power in Ukraine EBRD 02/22/2008 8.45 82.08 Iran 6 FSP MENARID Institutional Strengthening and Coherence for Integrated Natural Resources Management UNDP 04/24/2008 0.49 CC 3.83 BDLDIW 14.6 6 Turkey 1 FSP Promote Energy Efficiency in Buildings UNDP 04/24/2008 2.62 18.68 Iran 5 FSP Facilitating Sustainable Mobility in Tehran UNDP 04/24/2008 5.33 35.43 Mexico 2 FSP Mexico Rural Development World Bank 04/24/2008 10.50 127.30 India 2 FSP Chiller Energy Efficiency Project - under the Programmatic Framework for Energy Efficiency World Bank 04/24/2008 6.30 93.65 Turkey 1 FSP Market Transformation of Energy Efficient Appliances in Turkey UNDP 04/24/2008 2.71 2.30 Russian Federation 1 FSP Improving Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Russian Federation EBRD 04/24/2008 9.21 62.90 Russian Federation 1 FSP Improving Urban Housing Efficiency in the Russian Federation EBRD 04/24/2008 9.67 86.70 Malaysia 1 FSP Buildings Sector Energy Efficiency Project (BSEEP) UNDP 04/24/2008 5.00 21.47 Chile 2 FSP Promoting and Strengthening an Energy Efficiency Market in the Industry Sector IADB 04/24/2008 2.64 15.81 Uzbekistan 1 FSP Promoting Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings UNDP 04/24/2008 3.25 10.35 Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay 6 FSP Sustainable Forest Management in the Transboundary Gran Chaco Americano Ecosystem UNEP/UNDP 4/24/2008 2.45 CC 4.41 BDLD 18.12 Brazil 4 FSP Sugarcane Renewable Electricity (SUCRE) UNDP 07/28/2008 7.80 62.80 Russian Federation 1 FSP Transforming the Market for Efficient Lighting UNDP 07/28/2008 7.02 20.50 Russian Federation 2 FSP Market Transformation Programme on Energy Efficiency in GHG-Intensive Industries in Russia EBRD/UNIDO 07/28/2008 15.39 135.75 7 China 6 FSP PRC-GEF Partnership: Sustainable Development in Poor Rural Areas World Bank 07/28/2008 2.59 CC 1.68 LD 143 China 1 FSP Phasing-out Incandescent Lamps Energy Saving Lamps Promotion (PILESLAMP) UNDP 07/28/2008 14.00 70.00 Haiti 6 FSP Sustainable Land Management of the Upper Watersheds of South Western Haiti IADB 7/28/2008 1.72 CC 1.72 LD 18.1 Mauritius 1 MSP Removal of Barriers to Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation in Buildings UNDP 09/24/2007 0.91 5.24 Pakistan 1 MSP Promotion of Energy Efficient Cooking, Heating and Housing Technologies (PEECH) UNDP 10/15/2007 0.98 1.49 Marshall Islands 3 MSP Action for the Development of Marshall Islands Renewable Energies (ADMIRE) UNDP 11/26/2007 0.98 1.65 Montenegro 3 MSP Power Sector Policy Reform to Promote Small Hydro Development in the Republic of Montenegro UNDP 01/28/2008 0.98 3.47 India 2 MSP Achieving Reduction in GHG Emissions through Advanced EE Technology in Electric Motors UNDP 03/27/2008 0.25 1.11 India 1 MSP Mokshda Green Cremation System for Energy and Environment Conservation UNDP 03/31/2008 0.98 2.34 India 2 MSP Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Indian Brick Industry UNDP 04/03/2008 0.70 2.00 China 5 MSP Promoting Clean Electric Buses for the Beijing Olympics (CEBBO) UNDP 05/02/2008 1.00 12.30 Pakistan 3 MSP Productive Uses of Renewable Energy in Chitral District, Pakistan (PURE-Chitral) UNDP 05/13/2008 0.95 4.70 Yemen 3 MSP Yemen Geothermal Development Project UNEP 06/23/2008 1.00 1.10 Palau 3 MSP Sustainable Economic Development through Renewable Energy Applications (SEDREA) UNDP 07/22/2008 0.98 3.43 8 Kyrgyzstan 1 MSP Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings UNDP 08/13/2008 0.90 3.23 Total 198.29* 217.47** 1656.03 *Includes only funding from the Climate Change Focal Area; **Includes funding from other focal areas.

., 2019) In LFLs, ultraviolet light is generated by driving an electric current through a tube, which contains argon and mercury. (...) The strain gauge then converts the physical pressure into an electric signal (Gefran, 2017). In cases of excess pressure during extrusion, this process enables transducers to ensure safety, by switching off extruder driving systems when defined pressure limits have been exceeded (Bagsik, 2019). (...) However, models released by other companies display a mercury filling volume of 30mm3 – 40mm3 (Gefran, 2014).

The Ministers stressed the need that information and communications strategies be deeply rooted in historical and cultural processes and made an urgent appeal to the media in developed countries so that their opinions, models and perspectives respect those from the developing countries thus ensuring the continuation of the dialogue among civilizations. 31. (...) The Ministers expressed their full support to the Radio Rules (RR) of the International Telecommunications Union on this subject, recalling that these RR are an international treaty, aimed to harmonize the pacific use of radio electric spectrum among countries. 37. In order to serve as means to promote peace and understanding among countries, the Ministers encouraged media to respect the existing codes of conduct and professional ethics. 38. (...) Consider the South-South Information Gateway (SSIG) as a model for the exchange of radio and television programmes.