The first Essential Medicines List was published in 1977, and the first Essential Medicines List for Children was published in 2007.
The current versions, updated in September 2021, are the 22nd Essential Medicines List (EML) and the 8th Essential Medicines List for Children (EMLc).
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29 March 2020
Selection of essential medicines at country level. Using the WHO model list of essential medicines to...
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https://www.who.int/groups/exp...ines/essential-medicines-lists
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Like in many countries around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented impact on essential health services in Bangladesh, leading to a drastic reduction in utilization of the major essential health services across all levels of health systems during the period April to May 2020. (...) Among the most affected areas were essential maternal and newborn health services and supply chain of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCD) like hypertension, diabetes, mental health, and other chronic diseases and cancers.
(...) “Essential services are a core part of health systems and is important to maintain their continuity as the coverage of essential services has a direct link to poor health outcomes if the service is missed or not provided.
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Score: 450147.17
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https://www.who.int/bangladesh...d-due-to-the-covid-19-pandemic
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WHO | What are reproductive health (RH) essential medicines?
Reproductive Health Essential Medicines
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What are reproductive health (RH) essential medicines?
RH essential medicines, as identified on the Interagency list of essential medicines for reproductive health and the Interagency list of essential medical devices for reproductive health, are those that satisfy the priority reproductive health care needs of the population effectively, safely, and cost-effectively. (...) Related links
Interagency list of essential medicines for reproductive health
Interagency list of essential medical devices for reproductive health
WHO model list of essential medicines
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Score: 449565.2
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https://www.who.int/rhem/about/en/
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WHO, UNFPA, and other agencies have collaborated to establish a common nonproprietary list of essential reproductive health medicines. This introductory guide is a companion to that work and provides an overview of the process for including reproductive health medicines on national essential medicines lists at the country level based on the essential medicines concept. (...) Appendix 1 is the Interagency List of Essential Medicines for Reproductive Health.
Appendix 2 is a checklist of activities to ensure that reproductive health medicines are included on national essential medicines lists.
(...) Essential medicines for reproductive health: Guiding principles for their inclusion on national medicines lists
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Score: 449232.3
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https://www.who.int/rhem/didyo...ow/path/guiding_principles/en/
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ICAO/McGill Symposium
1
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure
A Challenge for Developing Countries
Charles E. (...) Mongolia’s ATC $40 million) Bad governance (disappearance of funds, corruption, non transparent procurement)
5
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Three Financing Alternatives
1. (...) IATA GNSS procedures)
8
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Low cost solution
Good Example: Air Traffic Control
Mongolia 40,000 over- flights per year Procedural ATC US$ 40 million
9
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Low cost solution
Bad Example: Airport Safety & Security
The Caribbean West Africa
10
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Bad Airport Surveillance
11
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Three main sources Government funds from operational income and allocated general funds Financing by bilateral partners Financing by Multilateral Development Banks (MDB)
12
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Government funds Operational income must be allocated to the sector (e.g. landing fees, passenger taxes) If insufficient, general funds must be allocated (based on approved Masterplan)
13
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing Bilateral partners
Financing of airport or air traffic management infrastructure
Dar-Es-Salaam airport in Tanzania € 53 million grant / loan by the Dutch Government
14
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Financing by Multilateral Development Banks (MDB)
Regional Development Banks (African DB, Asian DB, Inter-American DB) Global Development Institutions (EBRD, The World Bank Group)
15
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
The World Bank Group
IBRD IDA
IFC MIGA
1945 1960
1956
1988
1966
ICSID
16
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
The World Bank Portfolio
6.2% 23%
275
1,204
19,274
IFC
13% 2.9%
12% 1.9%
15% 2.4%
Percent of rows above
925270380Air Transport
31,37314,50915,660Transport Sector
238,582120,907104,401Loans/Credit s outstanding
TotalIDAIBRDFiscal Year 2005 (in millions USD)
17
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Airport Infrastructure Projects
Runways, apron Lighting & navigation systems Power & water System Terminal improvements (for security & safety) Tools: Public-Private Partnerships
WB Air Transport Projects
18
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Safety Infrastructure Projects
Navigation aids (ILS,GNSS) Communication & surveillance (ADS-B) Fire & crash equipment CAA technical library Local capacity building Tool: Meet SARP & self- sustainable CAA
WB Air Transport Projects
19
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Security Infrastructure Projects
Passenger & cargo screening equipment Communication & CCTV Fencing & terminal improvements Local capacity building Objective: Meet SARP & self-sustainable (fees)
WB Air Transport Projects
20
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Private Participation
New emerging markets trend Private participation in infrastructure (PPI) have several modes Modern instruments of financing can facilitate foreign funding (e.g. securitization of ATC income) Good governance is essential to attract private investors
21
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Private Participation PPI
Private SectorPrivate SectorPrivate SectorGovernmentManagement/Operations
Wraparound Additions BOO Strategic Buyout
(e.g., MEBO, etc.)
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Score: 447199.46
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https://www.icao.int/Meetings/...06-Conference/Schlumberger.pdf
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WHO | WHO essential medicines
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WHO highlights the critical importance of 'rational antibiotic use'
The list of reproductive health essential medicines is incorporated into the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO produces the WHO Model Formulary
WHO supports the prequalification of reproductive health essential medicines
WHO supports the WHO Library on Essential Medicines
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https://www.who.int/rhem/didyouknow/essential_medicines/en/
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WHO | The list of reproductive health essential medicines is incorporated into the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
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The list of reproductive health essential medicines is incorporated into the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
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(...) WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines
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WHO essential medicines
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https://www.who.int/rhem/didyo...ential_medicines/rhem_list/en/
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WHO | Reproductive Health Essential Medicines (RHEM) Resource Portal
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Reproductive Health Essential Medicines (RHEM) Resource Portal
The RHEM Resource Portal is your one-stop source for information produced by WHO and partner agencies related to improving access to quality reproductive health essential medicines.
(...) This network fosters the sharing and exchange in and among countries of knowledge, information, experience, opinions, resources and tools on all issues related to improved access to and use of reproductive health essential medicines.
Highlights
What are reproductive health essential medicines?
(...) Important facts from key organizations working with reproductive health essential medicines
Key publications
Male latex condom: specification, prequalification and guidelines for procurement, 2010
The interagency list of essential medicines for reproductive health, 2006 [pdf 1Mb]
French version [pdf 621kb]
WHO model list of essential medicines, 2010
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Signpost: WHO essential medicines
Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. (...) In addition to reproductive health specific materials, the WHO essential medicines site contains a wealth of technical information and publications related to general essential medicine programmes and activities.
WHO essential medicines web site
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WHO | WHO model list of essential medicines and WHO model formulary
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WHO model list of essential medicines and WHO model formulary
Authors : WHO
Publication details
Publication date : 2010
Languages : Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish
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WHO model list of essential medicines
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OVERVIEW
The Model List is a guide for the development of national and institutional essential medicine lists. The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines has been updated every two years since 1977. (...) The Formulary is the authoritative guide on how to make effective use of the medicines on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, and the 2008 edition follows the structure and sections used in the List.
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Score: 443523.63
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https://www.who.int/rhem/polic...ntial_medicines_model_list/en/
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