The Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines is responsible for providing recommendations to WHO regarding medicines on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc).
(...) This Summary reports the recommendations made by the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines for the 2019 Essential Medicines...
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Previous reports of the Expert Committee
30 January 2020
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2019) - TRS 1021
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2019) - TRS 1021
30 January 2017
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2017) - TRS 1006
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2017) - TRS 1006
30 January 2015
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2015) - TRS 994
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2015) - TRS 994
30 January 2013
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2013) - TRS 985
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2013) - TRS 985
30 January 2011
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2011) - TRS 965
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2011) - TRS 965
30 January 2009
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2009) - TRS 958
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2009) - TRS 958
30 January 2008
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2007) - TRS 950
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2007) - TRS 950
30 January 2008
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2007) - TRS 946
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2007) - TRS 946
30 January 2006
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2005) - TRS 933
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2005) - TRS 933
30 January 2004
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2003) - TRS 920
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2003) - TRS 920
30 January 2003
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2002) - TRS 914
The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2002) - TRS 914
30 January 2000
The Use of Essential Drugs (1999) - TRS 895
The Use of Essential Drugs (1999) - TRS 895
30 January 1999
The Use of Essential Drugs (1997) - TRS 882
The Use of Essential Drugs (1997) - TRS 882
29 January 1999
The Use of Essential Drugs (1995) - TRS 867
The Use of Essential Drugs (1995) - TRS 867
30 January 1996
The Use of Essential Drugs (1993) - TRS 850
The Use of Essential Drugs (1993) - TRS 850
29 January 1992
The Use of Essential Drugs (1991) - TRS 825
The Use of Essential Drugs (1991) - TRS 825
30 January 1991
The Use of Essential Drugs (1989) - TRS 796
The Use of Essential Drugs (1989) - TRS 796
30 January 1988
The Use of Essential Drugs (1987) - TRS 770
The Use of Essential Drugs (1987) - TRS 770
30 January 1986
The Use of Essential Drugs (1984) - TRS 722
The Use of Essential Drugs (1984) - TRS 722
30 January 1984
The Use of Essential Drugs (1982) - TRS 685
The Use of Essential Drugs (1982) - TRS 685
30 January 1980
The Selection of Essential Drugs (1979) - TRS 641
The Selection of Essential Drugs (1979) - TRS 641
30 January 1978
The Selection of Essential Drugs (1977) - TRS 615
The Selection of Essential Drugs (1977) - TRS 615
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Language:English
Score: 540573
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https://www.who.int/groups/exp...and-use-of-essential-medicines
Data Source: un
The first Essential Medicines List was published in 1977, and the first Essential Medicines List for Children was published in 2007.
The current versions, updated in September 2021, are the 22nd Essential Medicines List (EML) and the 8th Essential Medicines List for Children (EMLc).
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29 March 2020
Selection of essential medicines at country level. Using the WHO model list of essential medicines to...
Language:English
Score: 537788.67
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https://www.who.int/groups/exp...ines/essential-medicines-lists
Data Source: un
Like in many countries around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented impact on essential health services in Bangladesh, leading to a drastic reduction in utilization of the major essential health services across all levels of health systems during the period April to May 2020. (...) Among the most affected areas were essential maternal and newborn health services and supply chain of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCD) like hypertension, diabetes, mental health, and other chronic diseases and cancers.
(...) “Essential services are a core part of health systems and is important to maintain their continuity as the coverage of essential services has a direct link to poor health outcomes if the service is missed or not provided.
Language:English
Score: 531568.07
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https://www.who.int/bangladesh...d-due-to-the-covid-19-pandemic
Data Source: un
WHO | What are reproductive health (RH) essential medicines?
Reproductive Health Essential Medicines
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What are reproductive health (RH) essential medicines?
RH essential medicines, as identified on the Interagency list of essential medicines for reproductive health and the Interagency list of essential medical devices for reproductive health, are those that satisfy the priority reproductive health care needs of the population effectively, safely, and cost-effectively. (...) Related links
Interagency list of essential medicines for reproductive health
Interagency list of essential medical devices for reproductive health
WHO model list of essential medicines
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© WHO 2022
Language:English
Score: 531146.7
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https://www.who.int/rhem/about/en/
Data Source: un
WHO, UNFPA, and other agencies have collaborated to establish a common nonproprietary list of essential reproductive health medicines. This introductory guide is a companion to that work and provides an overview of the process for including reproductive health medicines on national essential medicines lists at the country level based on the essential medicines concept. (...) Appendix 1 is the Interagency List of Essential Medicines for Reproductive Health.
Appendix 2 is a checklist of activities to ensure that reproductive health medicines are included on national essential medicines lists.
(...) Essential medicines for reproductive health: Guiding principles for their inclusion on national medicines lists
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Reproductive health essential medicines
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Language:English
Score: 530643.5
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https://www.who.int/rhem/didyo...ow/path/guiding_principles/en/
Data Source: un
The EHM reference model, shown in Figure 9-1, exhibits two types of capabilities, EHM essential IoT capabilities derived from the EHM service requirements and EHM not essential IoT capabilities. (...) NOTE 2 – The distinction between EHM essential IoT capabilities and EHM not essential IoT capabilities concerning the capabilities described in each of the following subclauses is beyond the scope of this Recommendation. (...) Management capabilities Application EHM not essential IoT capabilities Security capabilities EHM essential IoT capabilities layer Service EHM not essential IoT capabilities EHM essential IoT capabilities support and EHM essential IoT capabilities EHM not essential IoT capabilities Network EHM not essential IoT capabilities EHM essential IoT capabilities EHM not essential IoT capabilities application support layer EHM essential IoT capabilities layer EHM essential IoT capabilities Device layer EHM not essential IoT capabilities Y.2065(14)_F9-1 Figure 9-1 – EHM reference model 9.2 Capabilities of the application layer 9.2.1 Information sharing Information sharing is one of the basic capability requirements for EHM.
Language:English
Score: 529062.9
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https://www.itu.int/wftp3/Publ.../files/basic-html/page325.html
Data Source: un
Currently in the 22nd and 8th editions, respectively, the lists are available to national and regional governments to help them create and update national essential medicines lists to guide procurement and supply of essential medicines at the national and local levels.
(...) This includes supporting countries to create evidence-based policies, building tools to monitor and measure programs, and promoting oversight of health care delivery.
Impact
208
essential medicines
The first WHO essential medicines list in 1977 identified 208 individual drugs.
1st List 1977
479
essential medicines
For meeting the priority health care needs of the population
22nd List 2021
350
essential medicines
For the priority health needs of children up to 12 years of age
8th List 2021
WHO Teams
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Essential medicines and health products
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Digital version of Essential Medicines list (eEML) launched
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Selection and Use of Essential Medicines
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23rd Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines
21 June – 2 July 2021
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30 September 2021
WHO model list of essential medicines - 22nd list, 2021
Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of a population. (...) Download
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30 September 2021
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children - 8th list, 2021
Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of a population.
Language:English
Score: 528753.86
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https://www.who.int/activities...-access-to-essential-medicines
Data Source: un
Establish Independent 5G Standard Essential Patent (SEP) Assessments (“Pillar 2”)
NGMN recommends submitting each patent considered as a 5G Standard Essential Patent to an independent essentiality assessment prior to licensing in order to ensure quality declarations. (...) Disclosure of potentially essential Patents – It is recommended that such SDOs consider requiring their patent holder members to disclose timely to the SDO Patents that they believe may be essential or potentially essential to a standard and declare the member’s licensing position for these Patents, and that the SDO makes these disclosures publicly available not later than upon publication of the adopted standard. (...) Details of disclosures – It is recommended that SDOs consider requesting that their members provide non-binding information in their disclosures that identifies at least one version and specific section(s) of the standard for which the member believes a Patent may be essential or potentially essential.
4. Voluntary update request – It is recommended that the SDO consider requesting that its members voluntarily update, according to their present belief, any past essentiality disclosures.
6
1/4 : Disclosure of potentially essential
Patents
1.
Language:English
Score: 528566.1
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https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/W...18/Serge_Raes_Presentation.pdf
Data Source: un
ICAO/McGill Symposium
1
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure
A Challenge for Developing Countries
Charles E. (...) Mongolia’s ATC $40 million) Bad governance (disappearance of funds, corruption, non transparent procurement)
5
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Three Financing Alternatives
1. (...) IATA GNSS procedures)
8
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Low cost solution
Good Example: Air Traffic Control
Mongolia 40,000 over- flights per year Procedural ATC US$ 40 million
9
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Low cost solution
Bad Example: Airport Safety & Security
The Caribbean West Africa
10
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Bad Airport Surveillance
11
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Three main sources Government funds from operational income and allocated general funds Financing by bilateral partners Financing by Multilateral Development Banks (MDB)
12
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Government funds Operational income must be allocated to the sector (e.g. landing fees, passenger taxes) If insufficient, general funds must be allocated (based on approved Masterplan)
13
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing Bilateral partners
Financing of airport or air traffic management infrastructure
Dar-Es-Salaam airport in Tanzania € 53 million grant / loan by the Dutch Government
14
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Traditional Financing
Financing by Multilateral Development Banks (MDB)
Regional Development Banks (African DB, Asian DB, Inter-American DB) Global Development Institutions (EBRD, The World Bank Group)
15
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
The World Bank Group
IBRD IDA
IFC MIGA
1945 1960
1956
1988
1966
ICSID
16
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
The World Bank Portfolio
6.2% 23%
275
1,204
19,274
IFC
13% 2.9%
12% 1.9%
15% 2.4%
Percent of rows above
925270380Air Transport
31,37314,50915,660Transport Sector
238,582120,907104,401Loans/Credit s outstanding
TotalIDAIBRDFiscal Year 2005 (in millions USD)
17
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Airport Infrastructure Projects
Runways, apron Lighting & navigation systems Power & water System Terminal improvements (for security & safety) Tools: Public-Private Partnerships
WB Air Transport Projects
18
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Safety Infrastructure Projects
Navigation aids (ILS,GNSS) Communication & surveillance (ADS-B) Fire & crash equipment CAA technical library Local capacity building Tool: Meet SARP & self- sustainable CAA
WB Air Transport Projects
19
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Security Infrastructure Projects
Passenger & cargo screening equipment Communication & CCTV Fencing & terminal improvements Local capacity building Objective: Meet SARP & self-sustainable (fees)
WB Air Transport Projects
20
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Private Participation
New emerging markets trend Private participation in infrastructure (PPI) have several modes Modern instruments of financing can facilitate foreign funding (e.g. securitization of ATC income) Good governance is essential to attract private investors
21
Financing of Essential Air Transport Infrastructure A Challenge for Developing Countries
Private Participation PPI
Private SectorPrivate SectorPrivate SectorGovernmentManagement/Operations
Wraparound Additions BOO Strategic Buyout
(e.g., MEBO, etc.)
Language:English
Score: 527897.8
-
https://www.icao.int/Meetings/...06-Conference/Schlumberger.pdf
Data Source: un
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Language:English
Score: 527508.2
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https://www.who.int/rhem/didyouknow/essential_medicines/en/
Data Source: un