Opportunities and Challenges
Investment/Savings Mismatches Investment/Savings Mismatches • Life-cycle consumption is higher in younger economies, creating a mismatch
between investment and savings
• The size and sign of the mismatch change as the demographic transition evolves in emerging countries
• There is an opportunity to trade financial assets between younger and older economies, including growing South-South capital flows in the future
Brazil = Bonus
China = Bonus
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 +
Consumption Labor Income
Source: National Transfer Accounts
Life-Cycle Surplus
Life-Cycle Deficit
Japan = Aging
Aggregate Life-Cycle Deficit/ Labor Income Ratio
Life-Cycle Deficit
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Brazil China Korea
Source: Own elaboration based on data from National Transfer Accounts
China: “Excessive” Life-Cycle Surplus Excessive Asset Accumulation =High-Growth Trap
Korea: Successful Demographic Transition
2. (...) Brazil vs. Korea
Brazil: “Excessive” Life-Cycle Deficit Deficient Asset Accumulation = Low- Growth Trap
Labor Income/Consumption Ratio
Investment/Savings Balance Investment/Savings Balance
18/11/2014
7
2.
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Puntuación: 1266627
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https://www.cepal.org/sites/de...s/events/files/2.3_fanelli.pdf
Fuente de datos: un
Conservation agriculture: The 3 principles
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Conservation agriculture: The 3 principles
Conservation agriculture systems utilize soils for the production of crops with the aim of reducing excessive mixing of the soil and maintaining crop residues on the soil surface in order to minimize damage to the environment.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1117711.9
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https://www.fao.org/resources/...ographics-details/es/c/216754/
Fuente de datos: un
REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION AND THE ACTIVITIES OF HER OFFICE, INCLUDING TECHNICAL COOPERATION, IN NEPAL : ADDENDUM
OHCHR is deeply concerned about the recent violence in the Terai area of southern Nepal
(see A/HRC/4/97, paragraphs 65 and 66) in the context of demonstrations by Madhesi, and the
often excessive responses from the Nepal Police and Armed Police Force.
9. (...) Nevertheless, many aspects of the police response mirrored the excessive and
unnecessary use of force employed by the security forces in response to the protests of
April 2006, documented in OHCHR public report of September 2006,2 which indicates that the
relevant recommendations made in that report have yet to be acted on by the law enforcement
agencies and the Interim Government.
12. (...) Most
significantly, police should ensure that they avoid excessive use of force. At the same time
all segments of society should engage only in peaceful forms of protest.
-----
2 The April Protests: Democratic Rights and the Excessive Use of Force - Findings of OHCHR
Nepals Monitoring and Investigations (September 2006), available online at
http://nepal.ohchr.org/reports.htm.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1051797.5
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...pen&DS=A/HRC/4/97/ADD.1&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN PALESTINE AND OTHER OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES :WRITTEN SUBMISSION BY THE INDEPENDENT COMMISSION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE STATE OF PALESTINE : NOTE / BY THE SECRETARIAT
The Israeli occupying
forces have used lethal and excessive force against peaceful protestors, who posed no
immediate threat to the lives of Israeli soldiers. (...) The unarmed civilians in the Great March of Return have continued been targeted. Israel’s
use of excessive force and unjustified violence against protestors resulted in the killing of
104 civilians, including 15 children and two persons with disabilities. (...) Continued crimes and
excessive use of force against peaceful protestors, that are supported by a decision from the
highest military and political levels, require an investigation, with a particular focus on
protected groups.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1013764.6
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...t?open&DS=A/HRC/38/NI/4&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ARBITRARY DETENTION : ADDENDUM
They referred to having been victim of the excessive use of
force, ill-treatment and beatings during apprehension and their detention in police stations.
82. The excessive use of pretrial detention contributes to overcrowding, the lack of
effective separation between convicted prisoners and pretrial detainees, and excessive resort
to condemnatory sentences.
83. (...) This type of confinement is to
be notified to the Public Prosecutor within 72 hours.
112. The excessive use of detention as a punitive measure for drug users raises questions
regarding various fundamental human rights.
113.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 991637.6
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/27/48/ADD.3&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRISIS : AN ECLAC PERSPECTIVE
In effect, they have
acted in an entirely procyclical way, promoting first
excessive investment in those markets and then huge
outflows of capital.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 976283.1
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...f/get?open&DS=LC/G.2040&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT, JUAN E. MENDEZ : ADDENDUM
Depending on the seriousness of the pain and
suffering inflicted, excessive use of force may constitute cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or even torture.
23. (...) The
Special Rapporteur considers such long-term collective punishment of all inmates serving
life sentences excessive and amounting to collective ill-treatment. (...) Even on those occasions, it is
the duty of law enforcement bodies to ensure public order without resorting to excessive
violence. During the presence of the mission in Laâyoune, one such demonstration was
held.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 971791.9
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/22/53/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP OF EXPERTS ON PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT ON ITS MISSION TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA : NOTE / BY THE SECRETARIAT
The rapid negative
escalation of situations and the excessive use of force disproportionately used on African
Americans demonstrates this concern. (...) During the country visit,
the Working Group was informed about and observed the excessive control and supervision
targeting all levels of the lives of African Americans. (...) Zero tolerance policies and heavy-
handed efforts to increase security in schools have led to the excessive penalization and
harassment of African American children through racial profiling.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 970761.3
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...en&DS=A/HRC/33/61/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ARBITRARY DETENTION : ADDENDUM
Basic legal safeguards .................................................................................... 42–46 10
E. Excessive use of detention on remand............................................................ 47–50 11
F. (...) That right should be granted
as a principle of law.
E. Excessive use of detention on remand
47. During its visits to detention facilities, the Working Group observed the excessive
use of detention on remand. (...) Regarding cases within its mandate, the Working Group found that torture and ill-
treatment were used to extract confessions and that protestors were subjected to excessive
use of force by law enforcement officials.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 954302.7
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/27/48/ADD.5&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF OPINION AND EXPRESSION, FRANK LA RUE : ADDENDUM
Hence, there are no
guarantees in place to ensure that the right to freedom of expression is protected from
arbitrary and excessive limitation, including the possibility of abuse by political figures to
censor criticism. (...) However, there
are concerns with regard to a de facto authorization system and a lack of accountability of
law enforcement officials for alleged use of excessive force against peaceful demonstrators.
59. (...) In this regard, the Special Rapporteur
would like to stress the importance of prompt and thorough investigations of all allegations
of excessive use of force by an independent body, and of bringing responsible persons to
account.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 935757.5
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/17/27/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
