By integrating the FFS methodology into universities’ agricultural extension curricula, countries can train current extension agents or mould future agents to become well versed FFS facilitators and master trainers. These extension specialists lead farmers through a season-long learning cycle.
(...) In Mpigi, Uganda, professors and lecturers from selected universities lead a problem-ranking exercise among FFS participants.
Language:English
Score: 842538.1
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https://www.fao.org/news/count...ractices/article/en/c/1382854/
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Improving clients' experiences with sexual and reproductive health care (2001-2002) Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe
Main contributor : United Nations Foundation (UNF) Objectives : To develop a strategic alliance with key United Nations Agencies to work together globally toward the improvements of the quality of sexual and reproductive health care and to conduct joint interventions in selected countries Main activities : Enhancing collaboration, coordination and networking within and among UN agencies, policy research institutions and NGO's, direct support to selected countries for the implementation of new initiatives aiming to improve the quality of sexual and reproductive health care Main results : Strategic alliance concluded between UNFPA, WHO, UNICEF and ILO, strategy document sharing effective approaches for achieving improvements of quality of sexual and reproductive health care produced, joint activities planned and conducted in selected countries.
5. (...) Development of pilot experiences in the field of social protection extension (2002-2003) Burkina Faso, Ethiopia
Main donor: France Objectives: To ensure a wider knowledge and better understanding of how micro-health insurance schemes may efficiently contribute to the extension of social protection Main activities: Setting up a steering committee in charge of follow-up activities, documentation and knowledge dissemination related to the implementation process of the two pilot projects Main results: Steering committee organized and assisting first project implementation activities.
5. Social protection for all: training for innovative community-based solutions for sustainable health care financing (2002-2003) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, D.R. of Congo, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
Main donor: Arab Gulf Fund (AGFUND) Objectives: To contribute to the extension of social protection in health through the development of a progressive training cycle to the benefit of promoters of various health micro-insurance schemes Main activities: Preparation and organization of a training cycle, monitoring of activities related to the various development phases of health micro-insurance schemes, evaluation of training impact and documentation of experiences Main results: Beneficiaries identified in selected countries, comprehensive set of didactical and impact evaluation tools under preparation.
6.
Language:English
Score: 842518.4
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www.ilo.org/public/engl...l/campagne/files/africaact.pdf
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Improving clients' experiences with sexual and reproductive health care (2001-2002) Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe
Main contributor : United Nations Foundation (UNF) Objectives : To develop a strategic alliance with key United Nations Agencies to work together globally toward the improvements of the quality of sexual and reproductive health care and to conduct joint interventions in selected countries Main activities : Enhancing collaboration, coordination and networking within and among UN agencies, policy research institutions and NGO's, direct support to selected countries for the implementation of new initiatives aiming to improve the quality of sexual and reproductive health care Main results : Strategic alliance concluded between UNFPA, WHO, UNICEF and ILO, strategy document sharing effective approaches for achieving improvements of quality of sexual and reproductive health care produced, joint activities planned and conducted in selected countries.
5. (...) Development of pilot experiences in the field of social protection extension (2002-2003) Burkina Faso, Ethiopia
Main donor: France Objectives: To ensure a wider knowledge and better understanding of how micro-health insurance schemes may efficiently contribute to the extension of social protection Main activities: Setting up a steering committee in charge of follow-up activities, documentation and knowledge dissemination related to the implementation process of the two pilot projects Main results: Steering committee organized and assisting first project implementation activities.
5. Social protection for all: training for innovative community-based solutions for sustainable health care financing (2002-2003) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, D.R. of Congo, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
Main donor: Arab Gulf Fund (AGFUND) Objectives: To contribute to the extension of social protection in health through the development of a progressive training cycle to the benefit of promoters of various health micro-insurance schemes Main activities: Preparation and organization of a training cycle, monitoring of activities related to the various development phases of health micro-insurance schemes, evaluation of training impact and documentation of experiences Main results: Beneficiaries identified in selected countries, comprehensive set of didactical and impact evaluation tools under preparation.
6.
Language:English
Score: 842518.4
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https://www.ilo.org/public/eng...l/campagne/files/africaact.pdf
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P.863.2 : Extension of ITU-T P.863 for multi-dimensional assessment of degradations in telephony speech signals up to full-band
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P.863.2 : Extension of ITU-T P.863 for multi-dimensional assessment of degradations in telephony speech signals up to full-band
Recommendation P.863.2 (07/22)
Approved in 2022-07-29
Status : In force
Table of Contents
Summary
The electronic attachment to Recommendation ITU-T P.863.2 (2022) can be downloaded from https://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/sigdb/genaudio/AudioForm-g.aspx?val=100015010
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., N − 1 and Z0 = 0, shall be further augmented so that the vector Zi has a Hermitian symmetry: Z i conj ( Z 2N i ) for Ni 1 to 2 N 1 10.4.4 Cyclic extension and windowing The cyclic extension provides a guard interval between adjacent symbols. This guard interval is intended to protect against inter-symbol interference. The cyclic extension also adds windowing that is necessary for spectrum shaping. (...) Therefore, the total number of samples transmitted per each symbol period, after cyclic extension and windowing, is 2N+ LCP. The values of β selected for upstream (βus) and downstream (βds) may be different.
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., for test purposes
• Solution: • ECN can be used to fill the gap between message content definitions and
message encoding
• Forces: • Separation of abstract message contents and auxiliary information • Specification of presence and length determinants • Complex message encoding => complex ECN
HiperlanHiperlan exampleexample • Purpose of the example:
• Show how messages that are originally specified using tables can be specified using ASN.1 and ECN
• Real-life Hiperlan protocol: • Existing ASN.1 definitions • Existing tables for message encoding • RLC-RADIO-HANDOVER-COMPLETE-ARG used as an example message
Hiperlan Hiperlan -- Message table formMessage table form 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Octet 1 Defined in DLC TS MSB Sequence number Octet 2 Sequence number MSB EXTENSION-TYPE Future use Octet 3 MSB RLC LCH PDU type Octet 4 Future use mac-id-old Octet 5 mac-id-old ap-id-old Octet 6 ap-id-old net-id-old Octet 7 net-id-old Octet 8 mac-id-new Octet 9 cl-id Octet 10 Duc-ext-ind cl-conn-attr-length(L) # of DUC:s Octet 11 # of DUC:s(N) Future use Octet12 (DUC1) direction dlcc-id
Octet(12+L) cl-connn-attr
Octet Y (DUC1-FW) allocation-type Future use cyclic-prefix fec-used ec-mode Octet ... (...) &encoding-space-size : nbits >} #INT ::= { ENCODING { ENCODING-SPACE SIZE nbits }
}
Collection of encodingsCollection of encodings • Encoding definitions are collected as an encoding object set
Hiperlan-Encodings #ENCODINGS ::= { rlc-radio-handover-complete-arg-encoding | duc-direction-descr-encoding | allocation-type-encoding | arq-data-encoding | fec-encoding | fca-descr-encoding
}
Hiperlan Hiperlan -- ELMELM • Encodings are applied to top-level types in the ASN.1 module
Hiperlan-ELM LINK-DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS #RLC-RADIO-HANDOVER-COMPLETE-ARG
FROM Hiperlan-ASN1 Hiperlan-Encodings
FROM Hiperlan-EDM;
ENCODE #RLC-RADIO-HANDOVER-COMPLETE-ARG WITH Hiperlan-Encodings COMPLETED BY PER-BASIC-UNALIGNED
END
HiperlanHiperlan example summaryexample summary • Application of ASN.1 + ECN for Hiperlan is straightforward
• ASN.1 definitions shall contain only application-specific definitions • Encoding structures contain also auxiliary fields like length and presence
determinants • Encoding objects
• specify relations between determinant fields and determined fields • specify special encoding (octet-alignment, padding, spare bits)
• The encoding link module applies the encoding objects to the ASN.1 types
ECN and specializationECN and specialization • Context:
• Protocol messages are defined using ASN.1 • Standard ASN.1 encoding rules (e.g., PER) are used to provide encoding for
messages
• Problem: • Standard encoding rules do not provide all the needed properties for encoding
• Solution: • Use standard encoding rules for the majority of encodings • Use ECN to specialize encoding for wanted properties
• Forces: • A kind of specialization vs. a generic property
Specialization of CHOICE index encodingSpecialization of CHOICE index encoding • Context:
• There is a top-level message container type which encapsulates specific messages and provides identification for them
Messages ::= CHOICE { a MessageA, b MessageB, c MessageC
}
• Problem: • New messages are wanted to be added in the container. • Encoding for the new messages should be similar to the old messages, i.e., no
extension container is needed. • The number of new messages is not limited
• Solution: • Encode CHOICE index using a Huffman-like encoding
Specialization of CHOICE index encodingSpecialization of CHOICE index encoding • The following encoding object specifies that the encoding structure for the Messages
type consists of • an "aux-messageId" field, which is used as a message determinant • a "message" field, which contains the selected message
messages-encoding #Messages ::= { REPLACE STRUCTURE
WITH #Messages-struct{< >} ENCODED BYmessages-struct-encoding{< >}
}
#Messages-struct{< #OriginalMessages >} ::= #SEQUENCE { aux-msgId #MessageIdentifier, message #OriginalMessages
}
#MessageIdentifier ::= #INT
Specialization of CHOICE index encodingSpecialization of CHOICE index encoding • The following encoding object specifies how the fields are encoded
• "aux-msgId" field is encoded as an open-ended integer field • "aux-msgId" acts as a determinant for the "message" field
messages-struct-encoding{<#OriginalMessages>} #Messages-struct{<#OriginalMessages>} ::= { ENCODE STRUCTURE {
aux-msgId msgId-encoding, message { ALTERNATIVE DETERMINED BY added-field USING aux-msgId }
} WITH PER-BASIC-UNALIGNED
}
msgId-encoding #MessageIdentifier ::= { USE #BITS MAPPING TO BITS {
0 .. 2 TO ‘000’B .. ‘010’B, -- 0 - MessageA, 1 - MessageB, 2 - MessageC 3 TO ‘1’B -- 3 - Extensions, like 10000, 10001, 10010 etc
} WITH self-delimiting-bits }
Length determinant forLength determinant for SEQUENCEsSEQUENCEs • Context:
• There is a group of SEQUENCE types which need to be extensible MessageA ::= SEQUENCE {
-- Whatever extensions MessageA-Extensions OPTIONAL
}
MessageA-Extensions ::= SEQUENCE { -- Extensible }
• Problem: • The size of the encoding needs to be smaller than in case of normal PER
extensibility
• Solution: • Introduce a length determinant for the selected SEQUENCE types • Length of encoding of extensions is delimited by the SEQUENCE length
determinant
Length determinant forLength determinant for SEQUENCEsSEQUENCEs • The following generic encoding structure is used as a replacement structure for
extensible SEQUENCEs
#Sequence-with-length-determinant ::= #SEQUENCE
• The following sequence-with-length-determinant-encoding #Sequence-with-length-determinant ::= {
REPLACE STRUCTURE WITH Seq-with-length-struct{< >} ENCODEB BY seq-with-length-struct-encoding{< >}
}
#Seq-with-length-struct{< #OrigSequence >} ::= #SEQUENCE { aux-length #INT (0..512), seq #OrigSequence
}
Length determinant forLength determinant for SEQUENCEsSEQUENCEs • The following parameterized encoding object specifies that
• the "aux-length" field is used as a length determinant for the "seq" field • length of "seq" field is measured in bits • otherwise the normal PER rules are used
seq-with-length-struct-encoding{< #OrigSeq >} #Seq-with-length-struct{< #OrigSeq >} ::= { ENCODE STRUCTURE {
-- aux-length as in PER seq {
ENCODING SPACE SIZE variable-with-determinant
MULTIPLE OF bit DETERMINED BY added-field USING aux-length
} } WITH PER-BASIC-UNALIGNED
}
Length determinant forLength determinant for SEQUENCEsSEQUENCEs • The generic encoding structure and encoding object are applied for selected
SEQUENCE types as follows:
RENAMES #SEQUENCE AS #Sequence-with-length-determinant IN #MessageA-Extensions, #MessageB-Extensions, #MessageC-Extensions
FROM Example-ASN1;
• As a result the property of length determined encoding is associated with the selected SEQUENCE types
• Context: • There are integer types which need to have limited extensibility • The maximum number of extensions can be predicted • It is specified what to do when a spare value is received
-- Used range in version 1 is 1..224, values 225-256 are spare values. -- If a spare value is received, then the following error procedure shall be initiated... ExtensibleInteger ::= INTEGER (1..256)
• Problem: • Minimize the encoding size • Make sure that senders do not send spare values
Extension of value sets of INTEGER typesExtension of value sets of INTEGER types
Ignore spare valuesIgnore spare values • The following encoding object specifies that
• it is not allowed to send spare values but it is allowed to receive them extensibleInteger-encoding #ExtensibleInteger::= {
ENCODE-DECODE { USE #INT (1..224) -- no padding bits needed MAPPING ORDERED VALUES WITH per-int-encoding
} DECODE-AS-IF per-int-encoding
}
per-int-encoding #INTEGER ::= { ENCODE WITH PER-BASIC-UNALIGNED
}
Encoding object setEncoding object set • Collect encoding objects in one encoding object set
MyEncodings #ENCODINGS ::= { messages-encoding | sequence-with-length-determinant-encoding | extensibleInteger-encoding
}
Encoding link moduleEncoding link module Example-ELM LINK-DEFNITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS #Messages, -- Implicit encoding classes #ExtensibleInteger
FROM Example-ASN1 #MessageA-Extensions, -- Explicitly renamed encoding classes #MessageB-Extensions, #MessageC-Extensions, MyEncodings -- Encoding object set
FROM Example-EDM;
ENCODE #Messages, #ExtensibleInteger, #MessageA-Extensions, #MessageB-Extensions, #MessageC-Extensions WITH MyEncodings COMPLETED BY PER-BASIC-UNALIGNED
END
ECN Presentation SummaryECN Presentation Summary • The basic concepts of ECN are fairly simple
• Application area and wanted encoding features affect a lot of how ECN can be applied
• Multiple ways to achieve the same goal • What is specified in ASN.1 and what in ECN • Generic ECN vs. specific ECN
Language:English
Score: 841765.2
-
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/a...ECN_Introduction_June_2001.pdf
Data Source: un
It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) Volume 2: Inland fishery case studies
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. (...) It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) – Volume 4: Training session plans
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Building capacity for mainstreaming fisheries co-management in Indonesia.
Language:English
Score: 841547.95
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https://www.fao.org/inland-fisheries/tools/training/es/
Data Source: un
It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) Volume 2: Inland fishery case studies
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. (...) It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) – Volume 4: Training session plans
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Building capacity for mainstreaming fisheries co-management in Indonesia.
Language:English
Score: 841547.95
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https://www.fao.org/inland-fisheries/tools/training/fr/
Data Source: un
It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) Volume 2: Inland fishery case studies
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. (...) It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Building capacity for mainstreaming fisheries co-management in Indonesia. (...) Search
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It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management training course (Inland fisheries) Volume 2: Inland fishery case studies
Global
Year: 2019
This Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management training course (Inland Fisheries) is designed as a complete training course for the sustainable management of inland fisheries using the ecosystem approach. (...) It is targeted at middle-level fishery and environment officers, extension workers, facilitators [...]
Building capacity for mainstreaming fisheries co-management in Indonesia. (...) Search
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