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A/63/256 08-4555124 Table 3 Technological classification of exports, by region and country group, 1996, 2000, 2003 and 2006 Percentage share of total exports 1996 2000 2003 2006 New EU members Primary products 10.5 7.4 6.2 7.0 Resource-based manufactures Agro-based 13.1 9.7 9.4 8.4 Other 8.3 7.3 6.3 7.8 Low-technology manufactures Textile, garment and footwear 13.4 10.8 9.5 5.9 Other products 16.1 14.5 14.7 13.9 Medium-technology manufactures Automotive 5.9 9.9 10.9 12.1 Process 9.1 7.0 6.5 6.8 Engineering 13.5 17.0 19.1 18.8 High-technology manufactures Electronic and electrical 6.2 12.8 12.9 13.4 Other 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.5 Others 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.3 Economies in transition Primary products 38.2 42.6 43.3 48.4 Resource-based manufactures Agro-based 7.1 5.6 6.2 5.3 Other 12.8 14.3 14.3 17.7 Low-technology manufactures Textile, garment and footwear 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.5 Other products 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.0 Medium-technology manufactures Automotive 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 Process 10.8 9.0 9.2 8.7 Engineering 5.1 5.1 4.4 3.5 High-technology manufactures Electronic and electrical 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.1 Other 1.3 2.2 2.5 1.0 Others 13.0 9.6 9.0 6.8 South-Eastern Europe Primary products 13.7 12.3 10.9 12.9 Resource-based manufactures Agro-based 16.0 13.9 13.4 14.7 Other 9.2 10.8 9.7 12.6 Low-technology manufactures Textile, garment and footwear 20.7 19.9 20.2 12.6 Other products 8.6 10.6 10.8 14.4 Medium-technology manufactures Automotive 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 A/63/256 2508-45551 Percentage share of total exports 1996 2000 2003 2006 Process 11.0 8.4 6.6 9.3 Engineering 12.6 15.2 16.4 13.7 High-technology manufactures Electronic and electrical 2.8 2.8 5.3 3.8 Other 3.1 4.1 3.6 2.6 Others 1.0 0.7 1.5 2.2 CIS Primary products 39.9 44.3 44.9 50.4 Resource-based manufactures Agro-based 6.5 5.1 5.8 4.7 Other 13.0 14.5 14.6 18.0 Low-technology manufactures Textile, garment and footwear 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.9 Other products 6.2 5.9 5.6 4.5 Medium-technology manufactures Automotive 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Process 10.8 9.0 9.3 8.6 Engineering 4.6 4.6 3.8 2.9 High-technology manufactures Electronic and electrical 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 Other 1.1 2.1 2.5 0.9 Others 13.8 10.1 9.4 7.1 Source: UN/DESA, based on United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE).

按企业和行业类型划分的南非企业对外 直接投资的动力和动机 行 业 动力和动机 企 业 国有企业 政府政策支持地区合作和基础设施发展 Industrial Development Corporation 投资机会 Eskom 东道国私有化 PetroSA 地区经营网络 Transnet South African Airways 民营企业 自然资源和农业 获得自然资源 Anglogold Ashanti 私有化提供的投资机会 Illovo Sugar 控制价值链 Metorex 进入市场 Sappi 低成本生产 制造业 进入市场和扩大增长 Mondi 提供原材料来源 Sappi 多元化 Steinhoff 贸易支持 DPI Plastics Spanjaard Universal Footwear Sasol, Illovo Sugar 服务业 进入市场和扩大增长 Datatec 私有化提供的投资机会 MTN 加强市场地位 Standard Bank 地区网络 Absa Bank 财务动机 Dimension Data 上转移市和筹集资本 Anglo American 资料来源：贸发会议。 (...) DPI 国际公司(毛里求斯)(100%) 锌、营销、铜和 钴 塑料制造 寻求资源 Metorex是中型矿务公司 寻求市场 Universal Footwear (Pty) Ltd 两家子公司在中国 零售――批发 提供原材料来源和获得 生产设备 资料来源：《约翰内斯堡证券交易所证券交易》，各类出版物。

Finally, it was alleged that workers were routinely sprayed (aerial sprays) with chemicals and pesticides as they worked in the fields, impacting the right to a safe work environment and right to health. 2. Footwear manufacturers 62. The supplier to two major footwear retailers was alleged to require male employees to pay a fee for hire, resulting in discrimination against males in employment.

Services provided and expected outputs 01: Food sector: (a) Services cover advice to support institutions and assisting with enterprise-level demonstration and training projects covering grain milling, bakery products, including enrichment; vegetable oils, fruits and vegetables (solar drying, canning, juicing and freezing); meat and fish; dairy products, including dried and powdered milk, yoghurt and similar items; sugar and derivatives; beverages; animal feed production using crop residues and wastes, including agro-industrial by-products; (b) UNIDO advises enterprises and helps demonstrate processing technologies, product testing and packaging procedures to ensure that products meet quality requirements, consumer health and safety (GMP and HACCP) and environmental concerns, and that they meet and maintain the product and process control standards necessary to succeed in local and export markets. 02: Leather sector: (a) Services encompass advice to support institutions at national and regional levels and assistance in the demonstration of environmentally-friendly processes and technologies for the tanning of hides and skins as well as in application of improved processes and production technologies to ensure competitively produced high-quality leather and footwear products; (b) Assistance is provided for the establishment of footwear and leather product market intelligence systems and of leather grading standards, in training of trainers and in the design and manufacture of products; (c) Advice is given on selection and use of equipment, process optimization (CAD/CAM), style and fashion trends and on promotion programmes for exporters. 03: Textiles sector: (a) Assistance is given to support institutions and enterprises in demonstration of modern textile and garment production technologies to optimize production and minimize waste when cutting out GC.9/11 Page 18 garments (CAD/CAM); on the use of natural fibres and synthetics for textiles; on selection and use of equipment for spinning, weaving and knitting; (b) Assistance is provided in the field of dyeing and finishing to help introduce computerized colorimetry and colour-matching to meet international standards and to reduce pollution from pigments; (c) Support is given to enterprises during the phase-out of the Multi-Fibre Agreement and to help the African textile industry benefit from the US-Africa Bill. 04: Wood sector: (a) Advice and demonstration activities are provided to increase value added to wood and non-wood (e.g. bamboo) forest products through manufacture of furniture and joinery items for building and the rational use of timber for the construction of durable structures; (b) Coverage includes technical cooperation to apply the related wood technologies of grading, drying and preservation; product design, selection of machinery and equipment for rough milling, machining, assembly and finishing plus structural design and demonstration of structures such as bridges, housing, farm and community buildings as well as to strengthening of support institutions and sectoral associations. 05: Agro-machinery and re-engineering: (a) Advisory services are provided to the agricultural machinery industrial system and cover the design and manufacture of basic machinery implements and tools used for agricultural production and processing, including technical inputs; (b) Advice is also given on the establishment of rural repair and maintenance workshops for cars, trucks and tractors, farm implements, tyre repair and re-treading, outboard motors, spare part manufacture and on equipment for storage, handling and packaging of processed agricultural products; and innovation, upgrading and/or re-engineering of factory production lines in agro-machinery sectors.

Of the few companies discussing other benefits, such as paid leave, a footwear and apparel company commits to provide workers with paid leave and holidays, the “greater of what is required by law or industry.”

GE.13-14166 (C) 040613 050613 人权理事会 第二十三届会议 议程项目 3 增进和保护所有人权―― 公民权利、政治权利、

64 https://unece.org/trade/traceability-sustainable-garment-and-footwear。 65 https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/city-all-investing-sustainable-urbanization-afghanistan。

60 另有一项研究记录了孟加拉国和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合 王国纺织业中性别与全球价值链的复杂关系，此项研究认为，达卡服装加工厂女 __________________ 55 劳工组织，“纺织品、服装、皮革和鞋类部门”，可查阅：www.ilo.org/global/industries-and- sectors/textiles-clothing-leather-footwear/lang--en/index.htm。 56 Chloé Bailey,“Her freedom, her voice”。

GE.17-17530 (C) 071117 081117  人权理事会 第三十六届会议 2017年 9月 11日至 29日 议程项目 2和 3

00-81702 联 合 国 Distr.: LIMITED PROVISIONAL ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/86 13 November 2000 Chinese ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ST 国际服务贸易统计手册草稿