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, De Standaard, 20 september 2000, p. 9. 40. “Muscles from Brussels, a muscled attempt to improve case handling in the Brussels Court of appeals” Managementthesis, mei 2000, niet gepubliceerd.

The Working Group was informed that most of the coups d’état — albeit instigated by mercenaries — also involved the collusion of Comorians, attracted not only by the prospect of financial gain but also by political power. The consequences of that difficult past should not be underestimated. (...) The constant changes of government and the lure of political gain have given rise to many factions and led to rivalry between, on the one hand, the three Comorian islands of Anjouan, Mohéli and Grande Comore, where the capital Moroni is located, and Mayotte, on the other. 29. (...) It was widely reported that the absence of political alternation was a key element in both the successive coups d’état and the question of mercenarism, since, in the context of a country with little experience of democracy, it encouraged Comorian politicians wishing to gain power to do so by force with the support of mercenaries from abroad.

The Special Rapporteur notes with great concern that partners and family members, including children, adolescents, women and the elderly, in order to gain access to penitentiaries, prisons and socioeducational centres to visit inmates, are often subjected to violent, humiliating and oppressive body searches and other forms of sexual violence. This entails stripping women and forcing them to squat over a mirror, contract their muscles and open their anus and vagina with the fingers to allow prison personnel to inspect them.

In paragraph 20 of the report it is stated that “some lawyers did, however voice the concern that in some instances of crimes related to terrorism, the possibility for the defence to gain access to documents related to prosecutions is in practice restricted”. 20. The authority of defence lawyers to gain access to and examine case files, has been ensured in Article 153 of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271. According to this article, defence lawyers have the authority to gain access to case files and obtain copies of documents contained therein, free of charge, during the investigation.

وعراقد اعةما عدة األمم املتحدة ممت د يي تتةمجـــــــ اع د امل شـــــــ ة و وتم ر اعثة د اعداهود ا ( مبةجمم د مجم واد ي ه جم تثجماه ت مقم اعت ةنذ اعرطين اوعراقد اعةما .2006) ١٧١٨ جمع ماا S/AC.49/2018/89 2/2 18-12125 الم جهة ىلر رسيس 2018تم ز/ لي 1٣مرفق المرةر الشأأأأأأأأأأ ة الم ر ة لدى األمم المتحد اللجنة من ال ة الداسمة لل راق األفراد - ألف (RI SU YONG) (KPi.052اا سر قرنئ ) - ١ (TSANG YUNG YUANتسجمنع قرنئ قراي ) - 2 الكيانات - باء ١ - CHANG AN SHPPING & TECHNOLOGY. 2 - CHONMYONG SHIPPING CO. 3 - FIRST OIL JV CO LTD. 4 - HAPJANGGANG SHIPPING CORP. 5 - HUAXIN SHIPPING 6 - KINGLY WON INTERNATIONAL CO. ٧ - KOREA ACHIM SHIPPING CO. ٨ - KOREA ANSAN SHPG COMPANY. 9 - KOREA MYONGDOK SHIPPING CO. ١0 - KOREA SAMJONG SHIPPING. ١١ - KOREA SAMMA SHIPPING CO. ١2 - KOREA YUJONG SHIPPING CO LTD. ١3 - KOTI CORP. ١4 - MYOHYANG SHIPPING CO. ١5 - PAEKMA SHIPPING CO. ١6 - PHYONGCHON SHIPPING & MARINE. ١٧ - PRO-GAIN GROUP CORPORATION. ١٨ - SHANGHAI DONGFENG SHIPPING CO LTD. ١9 - SHEN ZHONG INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING. 20 - WEIHAI WORLD – SHIPPING FREIGHT. 2١ - YUK TUNG ENERGY PTE LTD. 22 - WEIHAI WORLD – SHIPPING FREIGHT.

Having received a proportionate response from the Armed Forces of Armenia, the forces of Azerbaijan were repelled with losses. With no gain in the battlefield, the Azerbaijani military units began shelling the villages of Movses and Aygepar deliberately targeting the civilian infrastructures and the population.

ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ٠٦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ، ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ٠٤ﻭﺳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ -٣ :ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺭﺓ -٣١ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ BALTAMﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﳏﻠﹼﻞ ﺃﻃﻴﺎﻑ ﻣﻮﻟﹼﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳏﻠﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻲ ﻋّﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋّﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ 7 932.L/501.CA/A ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﳛﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻫﻮ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ )ﳏﻄـﺔ ﺃﺭﺿـﻴﺔ ﺗـﺆﺩﻱ ﻭﻇـﻴﻔﱵ ﺍﻻﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ (ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ، ﳏﻄﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻃﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﰲ ﺑﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﱐ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺢ -٤ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ١-ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ٢-ﺻﻔﺮ (ﺷﻔﻮﻳﺎ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﲨﺎﻋﻴﺔ)ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ٣-ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ )ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻠـﻴﺔ ٤-ﺻﻔﺮ (ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ :١ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ ١-١ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-١-١ ﶈﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﲑ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﳐﺘﱪﻳﺔ ٢-١-١ 8 932.L/501.CA/A ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ BALTAMﻗـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﶈﺎﻛـﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ٢-١ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٢-١ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍ Zﲢّﻮﻝ ﲢّﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﲢّﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﻣ ــﺜﻠﺔ ﻋ ــﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ــﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋ ــﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴــﺘﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﳉــﺔ ﺍﻻﺷــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤ ــﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﳐﺘﱪﻳﺔ/ﺎﺭﻳﻦﲤ ٢-١-١ BALTAMﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ :٢ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٢ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻴﺔﺍﳌﻮﺛﻮﻗ ﺍﻟ ــﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋــﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤــﺔ ﻟﻠﺴــﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﻜــّﻮﻥ ﺍﳋــﺎﺹ ﲟﻬﻤــﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ (ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻞ) 9 932.L/501.CA/A ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟــﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴــﻲ ﻭﺍﻟــﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴــﻲ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺧــﻞ ﺍﻟــﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔﺁﺛ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ٢-٢ ﺣﺴـــﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻣـــﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻗـــﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼـــﺎﻝ، ﲟـــﺎ ﻓـــﻴﻬﺎ ﳕـــﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸـــﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﳏﺎﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺗﻞ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﳏﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ :٣ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕﳏ ١-٣ ﶈﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ–ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻴﺔﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ٢-٣ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ/ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ :٤ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٤ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ 01 932.L/501.CA/A ﺭﺳﺎﻝﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ/ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﳐﺘﱪﻳﺔ ٢-٤ BALTAMﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ :٥ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ :ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﲨﻊ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻋﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺩﻳﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﱐ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ (ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ)ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐﺍ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﳐﺘﱪﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ٢-٥ 11 932.L/501.CA/A ﲡـــﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﻤﻠـــﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﻄـــﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﻓـــﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـــﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺑـــﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ :٦ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ :ﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺑﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ُﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﱪﻳﺔ ٢-٦ 21 932.L/501.CA/A ﲡـــﺎﺭﺏ ﻋـــﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻬـــﺰﺓ ﳐـــﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌـــﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤـــﺔ ﻭﻣﻌـــﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ :٧ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٧ ﶈﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﳔﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﲢـﺎﺩ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻼﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺪﻭﻟـ ــﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺣـ ــﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳـــﻲ ﻭﺍﲢـ ــﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺗﺼـــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـ ــﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌـ ــﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍ) ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳــــﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻵﺳــــﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﶈــــﻴﻂ ﺍﳍــــﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻬــــﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﳌﻌــــﺎﻳﲑ (ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺴــــﺎﺋﻞ ﲣﻄــــﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺸــــﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸــــﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺻــــﺔ ﺑــــﻨﻈﻢ :٨ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٨ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ 31 932.L/501.CA/A ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﺗﺴﺨﲑ ﺍ :٩ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ١-٩ –ﺗﺴـﺨﲑ ﺍﻻﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻏـﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤـﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﶈﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ :ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ (ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋ)ﺍﻟﺒﺚ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺨﲑ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺴــﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸــﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟــﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧ ــﻴﺔ ﺍﳌ ــﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘ ــﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋ ــﱪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ُﺑﻌﺪ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ٢-٩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻳﺎﺩﻱ :٠١ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻄﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻉﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮ 41 932.L/501.CA/A ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺗﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﺳـ ــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ ــﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋـ ــﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼـ ــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌـ ــﺘﻌ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺗﻴﺔ 15 A/AC.105/L.239 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻖﻓﺮﳌﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﻬﻨﳌﺍ Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions 0 Orientation course (1 week) 0.1 Introduction to the regional centre 2 0.2 Introduction to activities of the local host institution 2 0.3 Communication skills (oral, written, presentation, group discussion etc.) 24 0.4 Introduction to the host country 6 Geographic perspectives of the host country Social systems and customs Festivals of the host country 0.5 Local language—common phrases in the local language 6 Total 40 1 Communication systems and digital signal processing 1.1 Classroom lectures—communication systems (3 weeks) Telecommunications overview Distribution, traffic, signalling, switching 6 Analog and digital communications systems 2 Long-distance communications 1 Fibre optics technology and applications 4 Data networking 10 Signalling and modulation Local area network (LAN) Wiring plans Data services in public networks Introduction to transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) Internet Asychronous transfer mode (ATM) Personal communication services 4 Integrated services digital network (ISDN) 3 Packet switching fundamentals 3 Broadband—an overview 3 Protocols 3 Microwave theory and techniques 6 Transmission line parameters (Z, Y, ABCD, S) Waveguide and coaxial components Applications of microwave technology Introduction to computers 6 Computer architecture Complex instruction set computer (CISC) Reduced instruction set computer (RISC) Parallel processor Input/output (I/O) devices 16 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions I/O programming I/O controlling Interrupt Direct memory access (DMA) Operating systems Standard operating systems Disc operating system (DOS) UNIX and Linux Windows 95 NT Communication theory and mathematical tools Probability theory and basic statistics 10 Information theory 6 Spherical geometry 1 Linear algebra 4 MATLAB mathematical tools 8 Subtotal 80 1.2 Laboratory sessions Computer 4 MATLAB 8 Microwave measurements 8 Analog and digital modems 4 Fibre optics 8 Subtotal 32 1.3 Classroom lectures—digital signal processing (2 weeks) Discrete time signals and systems 4 Discrete time signals: sequences Discrete time systems Linear time-in variant systems Frequency domain representation of sampling Discrete time signals and systems Representation of sequences by Fourier transform Fourier transform theorems Discrete time random signals Sampling of continuous time signals 6 Periodic sampling Frequency domain representation of sampling Reconstruction of a band limited signal from its samples Discrete time processing of continuous time signals Continuous time processing of discrete time signals Changing the sampling rate using discrete time processing Practical considerations Z-transform 10 Properties of region of convergence for Z-transform Inverse Z-transform 17 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Z-transform properties Inverse Z-transform using contour integration Complex convolution theorem Parseval’s relation Unilateral Z-transform Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 6 Representation of periodic sequences Discrete Fourier series Properties of discrete Fourier series Fourier transform of periodic signals Sampling of Fourier transform Fourier representation of finite duration sequences Discrete Fourier transform Linear convolution using discrete Fourier transform Computation of discrete Fourier transform 8 Efficient computation of discrete Fourier transforms Goertzel algorithm Decimation-in-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms Decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithms Implementation of FFT algorithms FFT algorithms for composite N Implementation of DFT using convolution Effects of finite register length in DFT computations Structure for discrete time systems 6 Block diagram representation of linear constant coefficient differential equation Basic structure for infinite impulses response (IIR) systems Basic network structures for finite impulse response (FIR) systems Overview of finite precision numerical effects Effects of coefficient quantization Effects of round-off noise in digital filters Zero input cycles in fixed-point realizations of IIR digital filters Filter design techniques 12 Basic issues in digital filter design IIR filter design Frequency transformation of low-pass IIR filters Design of filters by windowing Optimum approximation of FIR filters FIR equi-ripple approximation Wavelet transform 2 Examples of DSP-based subsystems for satellite communications 4 Subtotal 58 1.4 Laboratory exercises/tutorial MATLAB-based exercises 10 18 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Design of FIR and IIR filters Implementation of DFT/FFT Examples of DSP-based communication subsystems Familiarization with and implementation of evaluation board 12 FIR and IIR filters Demodulator algorithm Viterbi coding FFT and discrete cosine transform (DCT) Subtotal 22 Totala 192 2 Satellite communication systems (6 weeks) 2.1 Classroom lectures Introduction to satellite communications 4 Evolution of satellite communications Elements of satellite communications Types of satellite orbits Geosynchronous satellite communications Satellite communications services Satellite orbits 4 Launch vehicles and launching of satellites 4 Satellite communications links 4 Frequency bands for satellite communications 2 Propagation effects on satellite communication links 2 Satellite communication techniques 28 Multiplexing techniques 4 Modulation techniques 6 Multiple access techniques 6 Code division multiple access (CDMA) 2 Coding theory and error correction techniques 4 IP over satellite 4 Satellite configurations 2 Space environment 2 Satellite bus subsystems 12 Mechanical structure 2 Attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) 2 Propulsion subsystem 2 Electrical power subsystem 2 Telemetry, tracking and command (TT and C) 2 Thermal subsystem 2 Communication transponder 2 Communication transponder subsystems 6 Antenna and feed 2 Receiver and transmitter 2 I/O multiplexer 2 19 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Advanced communication transponder on-board processing 4 Integration and testing of communication transponders 2 Integration and testing of satellites 2 In-orbit check out of communication payloads 2 Reliability and space qualifications 2 Reliability of satellite communication payloads 2 EMI, EMC and RFI 2 Electrostatic discharge hazards in satellite communications electronics 2 Life of a satellite 2 Satellite communications (video computer-based teaching (CBT) and tutorials) 28 Subtotal 120 2.2 Experiments/demonstrations Familiarization with measuring instruments 4 Determination of satellite look angles and optimization of Earth station antennas 4 Azimuth and elevation angles X-Y angles Optimization of sense of polarization Measurement of satellite link parameters 8 Total C/kT and down-link C/kT Antenna gain to system noise temperature ratio (G/T) and effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) Bit error rate (BER) versus C/kT Familiarization with and measurement of satellite transponder characteristics (communication simulator) 4 Familiarization with and operation of single channel per carrier (SCPC), spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) equipment 12 Testing of communication transponder subsystems 16 Multiplexer Receiver Power amplifier Antenna and feed Subtotal 48 2.3 Visits to laboratories and other facilities of the host institution 24 Communication payload research and development laboratories Communications techniques laboratories Payload fabrication facility Environmental test facility Communication system laboratories Remote sensing laboratories Subtotal 24 Totala 192 3 Earth station technology (3 weeks) 20 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions 3.1 Classroom lectures Satellite communications Earth station—an overview 2 Technology of Earth station subsystems 22 Antenna reflector and mount for large, medium and small Earth stations Feed system for large, medium and small Earth stations Antenna tracking system Low-noise amplifier (LNA) Solid-state power amplifier High-power amplifier (HPA) Frequency converter Modulator and demodulator Encoder and decoder Test-loop translator Electrical power supply system Foresight and rearward link Earth station design considerations 5 Earth station standards EIRP and G/T Antenna size and gain Radiation pattern and antenna coverage Redundancy and reliability Environmental specifications VSAT/mobile/briefcase/hand-held terminals Check out of Earth stations 8 Antenna measurements (farfield, nearfield, anechoic chamber) LNA and G/T HPA and EIRP Frequency converter Test-loop translator Reliability of Earth stations 1 Operations and maintenance of fixed and transportable Earth stations 2 Fabrication techniques 6 Mechanical fabrication techniques Electronics fabrication techniques Microwave integrated circuits (MIC) Subtotal 46 3.2 Local visits 24 Department of Telecommunications (DOT) Earth station Department of Electronics (DOE) Software Technology Park Antenna test facility (host institution) MIC facility (host institution) Electronics fabrication facility (host institution) Mechanical fabrication facility (host institution) Subtotal 24 21 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions 3.3 Experiments/demonstrations Familiarization with Earth station subsystems 4 Testing of Earth station subsystems 24 Testing of feed system Testing of HPA Testing of LNA Testing of frequency converter Testing of antenna tracking system (manual and auto mode) Subtotal 28 Totala 98 4 Broadcasting using communication satellites (3 weeks) 4.1 Classroom lectures Broadcasting system standards 6 Frequency modulation television (FMTV) High-definition television (HDTV) Digital video broadcasting (DVB) Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Digital television (video presentation) 6 Satellite links for TV broadcasting (analog and digital) 2 Frequency bands for satellite broadcasting and national/international regulations 2 Satellite TV and access systems 6 Cable TV Direct broadcasting satellite/direct-to-home (DBS/DTH) Conditional access Network management Satellite news gathering (SNG) for radio and TV 2 Radio networking 2 Digital audio broadcasting 2 Outdoor broadcasting van 2 TV studio and its operations 2 TV coverage of sports 2 Multicasting 2 Videoconferencing via satellite 2 Multimedia (video presentation) 2 Video on demand 2 Subtotal 42 4.2 Laboratory experiments/demonstrations 48 Familiarization with video baseband systems Measurement of video signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio versus carrier-to-noise (C/N) radio and video threshold Measurement of TV audio S/N Measurement of S/N versus FM deviation Measurement of TV signal parameters using waveform monitor, vectorscope and automated test equipment 22 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions SCPC/multiple channels per carrier (MCPC) digital TV Determination of transponder operating points for: Single carrier per transponder Multicarrier per transponder Familiarization with radio networking terminals Demonstration of operations of SNG terminals Setting up a TV direct reception system Digital sound and data broadcasting (DSDB) system Multimedia broadcasting/multicasting Subtotal 48 4.3 Local visits 12 TV broadcasting station of Doordarshan Radio networking system of All India Radio (AIR) TV studio of the Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU) Subtotal 12 Totala 102 5 Applications and trends in satellite communications (3 weeks) 5.1 Classroom lectures Satellite communications services 26 Rural/remote area communications 2 VSAT network 8 Time division multiplexing (TDM)-TDMA SCPC-demand assignment multiple access (DAMA) Remote terminals Hub Network management Meteorological data reception systems (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Indian National Satellite System (INSAT)) 2 News and meteorological data dissemination system 2 Data collection system 2 Disaster management using satellite communications 2 Search and rescue system 2 International Regional (INSAT) Cyclone warning dissemination system 2 Telemedicine 2 Time and frequency transmission system 2 Mobile and personal communication services (IMT-2000, 4G etc.) 8 Strategic satellite communication systems 4 Satellite navigation system 6 Satellite-based Internet system 2 Multimedia broadband satellite system 2 23 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Video CBT and tutorials 14 Subtotal 62 5.2 Laboratory experiments/demonstrations NOAA very high resolution radiometer (VHRR) data reception News and meteorological data dissemination system Search-and-rescue beacon Operations of Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and INSAT reporting system VSAT terminal and network Data and sound broadcasting system Subtotal 28 5.3 Local visit Press Trust of India (PTI) India Mobile Department (IMD) Airport National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET) Subtotal 16 Totala 106 6 Operational communications satellite systems (1 week) 6.1 Classroom lectures Overview of operational communications satellite systems 8 FSS MSS BSS Broadband multimedia system Operational communications satellite systems 18 International Telecommunication Union and other standardization organizations (ISO, APT, ETSI) 2 International regulations 2 Totala 30 7 Network planning/management/operational issues of satellite communications systems (1 week) 7.1 Classroom lectures Technical considerations for network planning 2 Planning for space segment 2 Traffic requirements Options for satellite transponder (coverage, power, bandwidth, bent- pipe/regenerative) Cross-pol isolation and collocated satellites Choice of orbits (geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), MEO, LEO) Planning for ground segment 2 Trade-off between space segment and ground segment HPA power and transmit antenna size Off-axis radiation pattern LNA noise temperature and receive 24 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Antenna size Cost Network operations and control 2 Management of communication satellite operations 4 Normal operations Operations of satellite control Earth station (tele-command, telemetry, tracking and ranging) Orbit determinations, station keeping and fuel management Sun outage and eclipse operations Loss of lock Intra-system/inter-system interference coordination 4 Space law 2 Financial aspects of satellite communications 2 Totala 20 8 Satellite communications for development, education and training (2 weeks) 8.1 Classroom lectures Satellite communications for development education and training—an overview 4 Indian experience with the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), Kneda Communications Project (KCP), Training and Development Communications Channel (TDCC), Jhabua Development Communications Project (JDCP) and University Grant Commission (UGC) 6 Hardware Software Social research Local broadcasting (TV, radio, cable network) 2 Planning for satellite communications for development 4 Research and evaluation Program production for development communications Hardware Cost Satellite technology for development, education and training 8 Receive system Transmit system Talk-back system DAMA control Value-added services Return video Data broadcasting Internet broadcasting Multimedia broadcasting Two-way videoconferencing Operational, technological and legal issues in transborder channels for development 2 Teleconferencing experiences of users for rural development 4 25 A/AC.105/L.239 Module/ submodule Topic Number of 45-minute sessions Disaster management 2 Subtotal 32 8.2 Demonstrations 20 Demonstration of talk-back systems (JDCP and TDCC) Direct reception system (analog and digital) Two-way video conference (Spacenet) 8.3 Field visits 24 Totala 76 9 Pilot project (10 weeks) Project definition Needs of the participant’s country Topic of interest of the participant The work leading towards the one-year project Suggested topics for the project Earth station subsystems Systems analysis for communications satellites Spacecraft design Antenna footprint design Communication systems design Network planning and relevant software development Applications of TV and radio for development communications Economics of satellite communications Domestic system definition Policy research aTotals do not include tests and examinations or library work (see also chap. (...) New Delhi, Prentice Hall, 1992. 27 A/AC.105/L.239 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺮﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﻬﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ AIR All India Radio AOCS attitude and orbit control system APT Asia Pacific Telecommunity ATM asynchronous transfer mode BER bit error rate BSS broadcast satellite service CBT computer-based teaching CDMA code division multiple access CISC complex instruction set computer C/kT carrier-to-receiver noise density C/N carrier-to-noise (ratio) DAMA demand assignment multiple access DBS direct broadcasting satellite DCT discrete cosine transform DECU Development and Educational Communication Unit DFT discrete Fourier transform DMA direct memory access DOE Department of Electronics DOS disk operating system DOT Department of Telecommunications DSDB digital sound and data broadcasting DSP digital signal processing DTH direct-to-home DVB digital video broadcasting EIRP effective isotropic radiated power EMC electromagnetic compatibility EMI electromagnetic interference ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FFT fast Fourier transform FIR finite impulse response 28 A/AC.105/L.239 FM frequency modulation FMTV frequency modulation television FSS fixed satellite service GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit GPS Global Positioning System G/T antenna gain to system noise temperature ratio HDTV high-definition television HPA high-power amplifier IIR infinite impulse response IMD India Meteorological Department IMT International Mobile Telecommunication INSAT Indian National Satellite System I/O input/output IP Internet protocol ISDN integrated services digital network ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU International Telecommunication Union JDCP Jhabua Development Communications Project KCP Kheda Communications Project LAN local area network LEO low-Earth orbit LNA low-noise amplifier MBS multimedia broadcast service MCPC multiple channels per carrier MEO medium-Earth orbit MIC microwave integrated circuit MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group MSS mobile satellite service NICNET National Informatics Centre Network NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OBP on-board processing PTI Press Trust of India RFI radio frequency interference 29 A/AC.105/L.239 RISC reduced instruction set computer SCPC single channel per carrier SITE Satellite Instructional Television Experiment S/N signal-to-noise (ratio) SNG satellite news gathering SSMA spread spectrum multiple access TCP/IP transmission control protocol/Internet protocol TDCC Training and Development Communication Channel TDM time division multiplexing TDMA time division multiple access TT and C Telemetry, Tracking and Command TVRO television receive-only system UGC University Grant Commission VHRR very high resolution radiometer VSAT very small aperture terminal

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GE.19-10107(A)  جملس حقوق اإلنسان الدورة احلادية واألربعون 4١2٢ متوز/يوليه