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We welcome the Rapporteur’s recognition that long term care, including home care is one of the key issues and concerns in ensuring older people enjoyment of their right to health. We share the Rapporteur’s concern about unreported violence directed towards older persons in care. As the Rapporteur recognises home care often allows for a greater degree of autonomy than institutional care but our inquiry findings show older people can suffer abuse and neglect in home care settings. (...) The Inquiry preliminary findings: The Commission is conducting a major inquiry into home care, which is investigating how well the home based care and support system in England is protecting the rights of people over 65.

It results from a significant deficit in the production of melanin and is characterized by the partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. Persons with albinism therefore often appear pale in comparison to members of their family and their communities. (...) The most common and visible type is oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the skin, hair and eyes. Within this type, subtypes reflect varying degrees of melanin deficiency in an individual. (...) This enables the prosecution of cases of trafficking of body parts such as limbs, hair and skin which would not, stricto sensu, match the definition of organs but which are often hacked off, trafficked and sold in cases of attacks against persons with albinism.

The most common and visible type is oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the skin, the hair and the eyes. Subtypes within this type reflect varying degrees of melanin pigment deficiency in an individual. 14. (...) In addition, free access to dermatological care for persons with albinism is necessary to ensure that skin cancer is detected early and treatment readily provided. 73. (...) The use of mobile clinics to ensure that persons with albinism in remote areas can be screened on a regular basis for skin cancer and vision assessment and care is a best practice established in the region.

It is currently pending adoption by Congress.10 Article 2 of the bill provides for: (a) Developing and implementing a national registry; (b) Developing the range of health-care products and encouraging the practice of self-care; (c) Organizing the flow of health care; (d) Defining the epidemiological profile; (e) Training and building capacity among staff in the Unified Health System so that they can address the various aspects of health care of persons with albinism; (f) Improving integrated health care for persons with albinism. (...) The Ordinance aims at ensuring the universality, completeness and equity of health care for persons with rare diseases in order to reduce morbidity and mortality, to establish care plans at all levels of the health-care system, to ensure comprehensive health care for persons with rare diseases in the health-care network, and to ensure that persons with rare diseases have timely access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources. 23. (...) She strongly encourages the training of all health-care professionals in the primary health-care system, including midwives, nurses and doctors, on albinism, and the provision of information to persons with albinism themselves. 65.

A/HRC/21/48/Add.1 GE.12-16375 7 burns, hair loss, finger discolouration, nausea and other symptoms of acute radiation poisoning. (...) The Marshall Islands has a national care agency for its population (approximately 55,000 people) run by the Ministry of Health. (...) The United States Department of the Interior also funds the 177 Health Care Program, which was established to meet the comprehensive health-care needs of people from Bikini, Enewetak, Rongelap and Utrok Atolls.

The best-known type is oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the skin, hair and eyes. Within this type are subtypes that may reflect varying degrees of melanin deficiency. (...) Furthermore, the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender and Children is in the process of developing the national guidelines on health-care fee waivers for persons with disabilities to facilitate access to health care for such persons, including persons with albinism. 33. (...) One of the main partners of the Centre’s mobile operations is the non-governmental organization (NGO) Standing Voice. Its mobile skin-care clinics bring dermatologists to 33 sites in eight regions of the country every six months.

This includes: shaking, slapping, hitting, kicking, burning, choking, pinching, paddling, shoving, whipping, biting, pulling hair, throwing things at a child, and stabbing and shooting of children.12 Physical and psychological violence mostly occurs in the form of punishment. (...) Although, section 119 (2) of the Children Act states that children in need of care and protection should “be placed in separate facilities from a child offenders’ facility”, children are mixed sometimes29. (...) Most police stations do not separate children in conflict with the law from those in need of care and protection. This increases the stigmatization of children in need, who are treated as suspects by the police after arrest.

It results from a significant deficit in the production of melanin and is characterized by the partial or complete absence of pigment in any or all of the skin, hair or eyes. Persons with albinism often appear pale in comparison to members of their family and their community. (...) The most common and visible type is oculocutaneous albinism, which affects all of the skin, hair and eyes. Nearly all human rights issues relating to albinism reported to date have been linked to the oculocutaneous form of albinism. (...) Some persons with albinism reported having access to “care packs”, which included sun-protective clothing and sunglasses, among other health-related items.

The Special Rapporteur also had discussions with the Chief of the police station in Al Manar, and the Directors and personnel of Al Hair and Dhahban prisons and the Mohammed bin Naif Counselling and Care Centre. (...) He was particularly impressed by the conditions of detention in two of the five prisons that he visited, which were dedicated to holding those convicted or suspected of having committed terrorist offences. He visited Al Hair and Dhahban prisons, examined the facilities and spoke with both staff and inmates at both institutions. The standard of care, and the conditions of detention in these facilities, including medical, vocational training and recreational facilities, appeared above the norm.

Furthermore, during their initial detention, transgender people are subjected to ill-treatment, such as having their long hair shaved and all attire judged to be “feminine” confiscated. 54. HIV prevalence among the prison population (24 per cent) is much higher than among the overall male population. HIV prevention, care and treatment are provided by health units in prison facilities and, in the absence of such units within the prison establishment, inmates are referred to an external health centre. (...) As key populations, the provision of health-care services to transgender persons or men who have sex with men is exclusively focused on HIV/AIDS. 61.