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62/3102/44.CA/S ﺍﻷﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ 3102 rebmeceD 31 lareneG :.rtsiD ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ cibarA hsilgnE :lanigirO )A( 81602-41 412070 412001 *8160241*

S 12/8 AM Cuba Developed countries should promote international cooperation for the benefit of developing countries and lift restriction to the free flow of ideas and equipment and to ensure that we can peacefully use our biological agents and toxins. To lift these barriers is an obligation on the States Parties. (...) In this context, [support] the establishment of a mechanism for full and effective implementation of Article X S 13/8 AM Iran (NAM) Full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of Article X is essential for the realization of the objective and purpose of the Convention and there is a legal obligation under Article X to promote the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the use of biological agents and toxins for peaceful purposes and not to hamper the economic and technological development of States Parties. (...) Iran (NAM) Reaffirm NAM proposal for strengthening Article X implementation as outlined in their Working Paper submitted to the Review Conference. 1) Identify and address the needs in terms of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information regarding the use of the bacteriological and toxin agents for peaceful purposes; 2) Identify and overcome the obstacles hampering the full, effective and non- discriminatory implementation of Article X of the Convention, including by addressing the denial cases of States Parties; 3) Mobilize the necessary resources, including financial resources, to facilitate the widest possible exchange of equipment, material and scientific and technological information regarding the use of biological and toxin agents for peaceful purposes, in particular from developed to developing States Parties; 4) Facilitate the development of human resources in developing States Parties in the implementation of the Convention, taking into account the special situation faced by them; 5) Coordinate cooperation with other relevant international and regional organizations for financial and technological support of activities for the use of biological and toxin agents for peaceful purposes.

The Convention applies to any ‘explosive or incendiary weapon or device that is designed, or has the capability, to cause death, serious bodily injury or substantial material damage’ or a weapon that has these effects through toxic chemicals, biological agents, toxins, or radiation. Alongside the Republic of Armenia’s responsibility as a State for internationally wrongful acts, violations by Armenia of international humanitarian and human rights law during the conflict amount to crimes under international criminal law.

., where firms allegedly exposed individuals or communities to toxins, failed to provide medical treatment or medical insurance, or engaged in physical or mental abuse of individuals or communities (directly or indirectly).

Arnon, “A Novel Strain of Clostridium botulinum That Produces Type B and Type H Botulinum Toxins,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 209, no. 2 (7 October 2013): 183-191, http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/10/07/infdis.jit449.short. (...) Handy et al., “First report of the use of a saxitoxin-protein conjugate to develop a DNA aptamer to a small molecule toxin,” Toxicon, Vol. 61 (January 2013): 30-37. )٧٧ ( Julie P. Meneely et al., “Development and validation of an ultrasensitive fluorescence planar waveguide biosensor for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine algae,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 41 (15 March 2013): 691-697.

Despite high figures for plea bargains, many of those interviewed felt they had no other option but to pay these fines in order to avoid harsh and lengthy sentences. One interviewee stated that he had paid 100,000 lari to reduce a sentence of 17 years to eight years. (...) The zero-tolerance policy, though reducing drastically the crime rate in Georgia, has had the concomitant effect of increasing imprisonments through lengthy and harsh sentences. The Working Group observed this problem in both criminal and administrative offences. 60. (...) In additional, sentences of imprisonment were considered harsh in relation to the alleged crimes committed, highlighting the need to address the issue of proportionality.

Since 1967, 73 Palestinian prisoners lost their lives in the Israeli occupation prisons because of harsh detention conditions and the Israeli medical negligence policy, in addition to dozens of others who consequently died after their release, because of serious diseases that they suffered during their detention. (...) In light of the failure to allocate special rooms for the sick, the poor food and the harsh detention conditions amid a shortage of cleaning, disinfectants and sterilization materials, this will lead to a real disaster.

It is the United States Government that allows anti-Cuban organizations within its territory to plan, organize and conduct terrorist activities against Cuba, while unjustly holding five young Cuban anti-terrorist fighters in prison, under incredibly harsh conditions including isolation. E/CN.4/2005/G/10 Page 3 It is the United States Administration that violates the rights of millions of American citizens by prohibiting them from travelling to or conducting business with Cuba, or even appreciating Cuban art and culture.

On January 21, 1990, despite all the pressures and hardships, demonstrating a political will, the National Leader Heydar Aliyev made a harsh statement related to this crime committed by the USSR leadership.

The EU welcomes the action of those of the five nuclear-weapon States which have decreed the relevant moratorium; 37. calling on all States concerned to take appropriate practical measures in order to reduce the risk of acci- dental nudear war: 38. pursuing consideration of the issue of security assurances to the non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the NET 39. d i n g on nuclear-weapon States to r e a f f i existing security assurances noted by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 984(1995) and to sign and ratify the relevant pMtocols on nuclear-weapon- free zones, drawn up following the requisite consul- tations. recognising that Treaty-based security assurances are available to such zones: 40. stressing the need for general disarmament 41. highlighting the importance of universal accession and implementation of the Biological and Toxins Weapom ~ Convention (BIVJC), the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the conventions, measures and initiatives contributing to conventional arms control: 42. calling for universal accession to and effective imple- mentation of the Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation: 43. working for the molution of the problems of regional instability and insecurity and of the conflict situations which are often at the root of armament programmes.