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HUNGER AND FOOD INSECURITY IN MONGOLIA ..................... 6 - 18 5 A. The harsh winters and dzuds .................................................... 6 - 9 5 B. (...) HUNGER AND FOOD INSECURITY IN MONGOLIA A. The harsh winters and dzuds 6. Between 1999 and 2001, Mongolia suffered from two extremely harsh winters and dzuds (a Mongolian word used to define any condition that stops livestock from grazing grass). (...) Although Mongolia’s dry, short summers and harsh winters are not very conducive to crop agriculture, under the Soviet system of intensive, irrigated State farms, Mongolia was more than self-sufficient in grain production, and even exported wheat.

Khojaly, together with Shushi and Agdam, was one of the main strongholds from which Stepanakert, the capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, was being shelled continuously and mercilessly during the harsh winter months of 1991–1992 with barrages of artillery and missiles.

The members of the Working Group were also informed that indigenous persons were often discriminated against both when preventive measures were applied and when punishment was imposed, which often involved harsh imprisonment. 72. The Working Group received serious allegations concerning ill-treatment and abuse during apprehension and arrest, as well as during detention in police stations, particularly in tort of young Afro-descendants. 73. (...) Public policies that are “tough on crime” lead to a harsh trend of mass incarceration, while most States have neither the capacity nor the structure to deal with the consequences.

Khojaly, together with Shushi and Agdam, was one of the main strongholds from which Stepanakert, the capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, was being shelled continuously and mercilessly during the harsh winter months of 1991–1992 with barrages of artillery and missiles.

On 29 January, the ISU participated in the workshop entitled “Establishment of Quality Assurances for the Detection of Biological Toxins of Potential Bioterrorism Risk: Stakeholder Meeting, hosted by the Federal Public Service of Belgium: Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment” in Brussels, Belgium. A member of the Unit gave a presentation on toxins and the Biological Weapons Convention. (Piers Millett) 7.

The conditions of pre-trial detention are much worse than those of convicted persons (overcrowding, harsh conditions with severe restrictions of visits and contacts with family, no phone calls, lack of activities, and sometimes, lack of adequate facilities). (...) The Working Group was under the impression that harsh conditions of pre-trial detention are imposed so as to facilitate the outcome of the investigation, and that the task of those in charge is to actively support the achievement of this goal. (...) The conditions in pre-trial detention centres being as harsh as they are, self-incrimination is a safe passport to prison colonies, where living conditions improve.

Ahmet Mete, who has expressed in the recent pass racist statements backing Hitler’s opinions and practices against the Jews, statements that provoked harsh reaction of the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece.

Yesterday, Washington enforced new, harsh measures against the Cuban people and against Cubans living in the United States.

The bottom line is that much of the glue that has held British society together since the Second World War has been deliberately removed and replaced with a harsh and uncaring ethos. 6. There have been some positive developments as well. (...) The Special Rapporteur reviewed seemingly endless evidence illustrating the harsh and arbitrary nature of some sanctions, as well as the devastating effects of losing access to benefits for weeks or months at a time. __________ 61 Mandy Cheetham, Suzanne Moffatt and Michelle Addison, “‘It’s hitting people that can least afford it the hardest’: the impact of the roll out of Universal Credit in two North East England localities; a qualitative study”, November 2018, p. 3. 62 Parliament, “Engagements”, 5 December 2018, vol. 650. 63 Fitzpatrick, Destitution in the UK 2018, p. 31. 64 David Webster, “Briefings on benefit sanctions”, Child Poverty Action Group, 13 December 2018, p. 18. 65 Mike Bewer, David Finch and Daniel Tomlinson, Universal Remedy: Ensuring Universal Credit is Fit for Purpose, Resolution Foundation, 31 October 2018. 66 Josephine Tucker and Dan Norris, “Rough justice”, Child Poverty Action Group, August 2018, pp. 5–6 and 21–22. 67 House of Commons Work and Pensions Committee, “Universal Credit: childcare”. (...) Departmental and ministerial insistence notwithstanding, there is no clear evidence that blunt and harsh sanctions actually help claimants move closer to work.

With regard to punishment for illegal entry to Germany, the detention of foreigners for having crossed the border illegally, coupled with harsh sentencing, raises again the issue of proportionality and how this needs to be carefully addressed and remedied by the Government. (...) The detention of foreigners for having crossed the border illegally, coupled with harsh sentencing, raises the issue of proportionality. 65.