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The non-traditional security threats such as pandemic infectious diseases and public health emergencies of great concern pose a serious challenge to global security. (...) The relevant international organizations such as World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have advantages in the field of disease surveillance, control and response, and could play an active role in helping States Parties enhancing their capacity building in such fields. The above-mentioned international organizations may, within their mandates, provide funding, equipment and technical assistance in public health and humanitarian field to States Parties which have practical difficulties.

In view of the importance of enabling all citizens to enjoy the right to health, a national campaign has been launched on citizens’ rights and responsibilities in the field of health. (...) The national campaign got under way in October 2004 and involves schoolchildren, adults and health providers in the so-called “Health Card” (Carta de la Salud) initiative, which allows members of the public to submit their ideas, needs and requests regarding health. (...) Infosalud consultations by subject area Subject area 2001 % 2002 % 2003 % 2004 % Total % Medication 1 313 12.4 8 217 26.5 11 328 46.2 16 126 34.3 36 984 32.7 Sexual and reproductive health 2 010 19.0 8 244 26.6 3 873 15.8 5 832 12.4 19 959 17.7 Psychological 881 8.3 3 161 10.2 4 057 16.5 10 384 22.1 18 483 16.4 General information 1 691 16.0 3 918 12.7 2 084 8.5 10 572 22.5 18 265 16.2 Comprehensive health insurance 60 0.6 893 2.9 924 3.8 1 422 3.0 3 299 2.9 Campaigns 0 0.0 209 0.7 1 258 5.1 233 0.5 1 700 1.5 Referred complaints 287 2.7 190 0.6 595 2.4 1 079 2.3 2 151 1.9 Social support referrals 0 0.0 74 0.2 59 0.2 897 1.9 1 030 0.9 Emergency/disaster 4 350 41.1 5 853 18.9 52 0.2 15 0.0 10 270 9.1 E-mail consultations 0 0.0 197 0.6 142 0.6 387 0.8 726 0.6 Other 0 0.0 0 0.0 149 0.6 0 0.0 149 0.1 Total 10 592 100.0 30 956 100.0 24 521 100.0 46 947 100.0 113 016 100.0 One of the main advantages of a system of this kind is that it helps reduce the bottlenecks in health facilities caused by consultations on issues such as administrative procedures, medication, social support, complaints and certain types of advice for which a personal consultation is not required (bearing in mind that telephone or web-based counselling services, particularly on medical matters, are not a substitute for personal visits).

It helps poor families in rural and urban communities to improve the education, health and nutrition of their children by cash transfers (generally delivered to women and mothers), educational grants, basic health-care services and food supplements. These advantages are linked to certain conditionalities, in particular regular school attendance and health clinic visits. 22. (...) In principle, sustainable rural towns should improve access to health care, including sexual health counselling, and to education, as women and children will not have to travel to centres in order to visit health-care centres and attend school.

queryid=558. 3 Conference Board of Canada, http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/hot-topics/recession.aspx. 4 Health Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 Nutrition (2004): Income related household food insecurity in Canada. (...) Though the situation of food insecurity is monitored through surveys such as the Canadian Community Health Survey, the Inuit Health Survey and the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study, data on food insecurity in Métis populations was not found. (...) It was repealed in 1996 and replaced by the Canada Health Transfer and Canada Social Transfer, which provide block-funding arrangements that permit provinces and territories to allocate health, education and social programme funding according to their own priorities.

The General Directorate of Basic Health Services is responsible for inspecting establishments causing health and environmental problems in order to prevent any threats to public health. (...) While the Ministry of Health has the authority to monitor any public health risks from incoming ships, it was alleged that no systematic control takes place. (...) The Special Rapporteur is aware of the economic advantages that accrue from the shipbreaking industry, but underlines its social, human and environmental costs, as well as the enormous risks to the lives, health and rights of the workers and others who may be exposed.

Therefore, a phase-out that replaces lamps at their natural end-of-life would avoid these impacts. Health/Environmental Risks and benefits of non-mercury alternatives The phase-out of halophosphate LFLs in the EU (in favour of tri-band phosphor lamps) resulted in a 53% decrease in mercury per lamp (Lighting Europe, 2015). (...) They also have limited impact on health and the environment relative to mercury. The EU is the only jurisdiction to implement a limit on mercury content in melt pressure transducers (0,1 %). (...) Alternatives exist for mercury containing tensiometers for all applications, and there are no significant health risks or technical feasibility restrictions associated with them.

Indebtedness is often deepened by exorbitant interest rates and an inability to cope with exceptional expenses, such as those linked to health treatments. When the amount of labour performed does not suffice to repay the debt, the labourer’s debt is passed on to the following generations until it is repaid.48 Protected areas 38. (...) A/HRC/50/38/Add.2 GE.22-07206 13 are fear of seeing a health-care provider unaccompanied (76.8 per cent), distance to a health facility (74.5 per cent) and lack of money (72.1 per cent).71 B. (...) Girls are more likely than boys to be out of school, and this is particularly true in the most disadvantaged ethnic/caste groups.76 In 2019, the mean years of schooling for girls was 4.3 years, while for boys it was 5.8; moreover, while 44.2 71 Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011, p. 144. 72 See Human Rights Watch, “I must work to eat”: Covid-19, Poverty and Child Labour in Ghana, Nepal and Uganda (2021). 73 ILO and Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal Child Labour Report 2021, p. 42. 74 Yogendra B.

Article 9 The right to international solidarity entails a human rights based approach to international cooperation and all global partnerships in responding to global challenges such as those relating to global governance, regulation and sustainability in the fields of climate change, the environment, humanitarian assistance, trade, finance, taxation, debt relief, human trafficking, dumping of toxic wastes, social protection, universal health coverage, reproductive and sexual health, food security, water management, renewable energy resources, social standards, migration and labour, and strengthening participatory A/HRC/26/34/Add.1 8 GE.14-12782 global governance in order to address structural inequalities such as gender inequality, and in creating a global enabling environment for a people-centred development. (...) In light of the common challenges of humankind in the contemporary world, the right to international solidarity requires States to act with common but differentiated responsibilities, taking into account their historical advantages and contributions to the challenges facing humanity. (...) It is the responsibility of States to cooperate in creating mechanisms on the national, regional and international levels, to hold accountable all relevant actors – State and non- 12 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (2000) General Comment No. 14: the right to the highest attainable standard of health. E/C.12/2000/4. A/HRC/26/34/Add.1 GE.14-12782 9 State entities alike – for their actions or inactions that have an impact on the full exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

P 11/8 AM Japan The infectious disease crisis such as acts of bioterrorism and pandemic influenza may exceed the public health capacity and should be responded as a national security issues. (...) To achieve this, public and private sector animal and public health policies together with investments in the systems needed to support these policies should be considered a priority in all countries; 2. At a national level, animal health, public health and security sectors should engage with each other to discuss areas of mutual interest, to share resources where appropriate, and to ensure that biological threat reduction is a cross-cutting national agenda item.

In this connection, the right to strike shall be exercised within the bounds of respect for the rule of law and the principle of continuity and in respect of those services the interruption of which endangers the life, personal safety or health of the whole or any part of the population. 10 A/56/63 E/2001/21 PART III—RULES GOVERNING RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE USERS The public service shall serve users in accordance with the following criteria: proximity and accessibility of services; participation, consultation and mediation; quality, effectiveness and efficiency; evaluation of services; transparency and information; speed and responsiveness; reliability and confidentiality of information. (...) With the exception of administrative departments such as the police and the judiciary, which may be authorized by law to maintain automated personal data files, no files shall contain information on the private life, views, health or individuals, or on any other type of information that may violate the privacy of individuals, without the express authorization of the individuals concerned. (...) Article 20: Physical safety, working conditions and security of tenure The administration shall guarantee minimum standards of health, security and safety in the workplace.