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Public-private cooperation .................................................................................................. 2 B. Healthcare financing through private health insurance ...................................................... 3 C. (...) HEALTHCARE FINANCING THROUGH PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE Another possible form of private sector involvement in healthcare services is financing of healthcare through private insurance. (...) With such growth and broad dependency on private health insurance, the concern now is to keep insurance costs at a reasonable level and ensure that the few insurance companies dominating the market do not gain a monopolistic advantage over healthcare providers. 47 Bahrain, on the other hand, seeks to assure full, equitable access to healthcare for its entire population, including non-nationals.

The high youth population currently in the Middle East has dwarfed the issue of healthcare; nevertheless, it is a long term issue that needs to be invested in. (...) One of the key factors that affect the Middle East and other LEDCs is fulfilling their duties in funding the healthcare system. In terms of financing, the following topics are of primary concern: "elements of equitable financing; household ability to pay for health care; linking population health needs to health spending; role of the social health insurance system in guaranteeing equity; and identifying best practices to develop and implement a national social health insurance system,". (...) For example, the World Bank is providing support in the development of strategic plans for national health reforms, as well as specific technical and policy advice on: health insurance regulation; food, drug and medical device regulation; and accreditation and quality improvement systems on-state actors such as NGOs, the WHO or the World Bank need to be included in this process of healthcare development.

A broader and more comprehensive economic development began in 1992. The pilot of healthcare security in China began in 1994. The cost of insurance for urban workers comes from a certain percentage of each person's salary. (...) Although China's healthcare system has made a lot of progress, but in some western regions, because the economy is not yet developed, the revenue of health insurance funds is limited. (...) Therefore, more support from the central government is also needed to enable people from western regions to enjoy high-quality and accessible healthcare services. China's health insurance system is a multi-level health security system.

In 2001, 10.2 million people had joined compulsory or voluntary social insurance; 52.4 million people (63% of the national population) had healthcare insurance and 8.1 million people took part in unemployment insurance. (...) Thanks to that policy, in the last 2 years, 29 million individuals who are of the poor or ethnic minorities can have free healthcare insurance, while the near poor had 70% of the fee sponsored. (...) People aged 80 and older who do not have pensions and social insurances are granted monthly allowances, healthcare insurance and financial support at the time of death.