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When data are available on some of the indicators, the definition used for the collection and measurement of such data may diverge from the ideal definition required for measuring productive capacities. (...) The proxy is by no means ideal, though, since 17 LDCs are classified as middle-income economies and 5 of the 36 low-income countries are not LDCs.11 When possible, the LDCs that fall into the middle-income category have been excluded from that group in calculating the benchmark. (...) A more worrying trend is that the diversification of LDC economies has narrowed over the years judged from data on the evolution of the merchandise export concentration index since 1995 for LDCs as a group when the index value virtually doubled between 1995 and 2011 – from 0.22 to 0.43.

In many countries merchandise trade statistics record goods when they cross the border, not when they change ownership. Consequently, goods sent abroad for processing are included in the merchandise trade statistics. This implies that a change in ownership is always assumed (imputed). 15. (...) For each of these industries, it would be ideal to identify separately the processing fees component separately from other industries.

Though all EU Member States are part of the network, the exchanges are concentrated only to ten of them. Ideally, the use of the network should be seen as an elementary part of the FDI compilation process. 3. (...) Balanced international merchandise trade and international services trade statistics 34. (...) In both cases, while the lockout was short- lived, both the USCB and Statistics Canada had to delay their release of the international merchandise trade statistics. 62. Another challenge was the decision by the United States government to increase the timeliness of their international merchandise trade statistics program.

The pace of traffic growth on this route decelerated to 12 per cent in 2008, reflecting apparently the strong decline of merchandise trade between Europe and East Asia in the last quarter of the year.3/ 1/ For instance, GDP and freight transportation in the EECCA area declined (year-on-year) in the first quarter of 2009 by 11 per cent and 18 per cent respectively (http://www.cisstat.com/eng/mac1_ann.htm). 2/ For details, see the UIC quarterly traffic data at http://www.uic.org/spip.php? (...) The redistribution or use of such additional revenues is the responsibility of governments. Ideally, the authorities would use the extra revenue to improve society’s welfare. (...) Freight traffic will be affected by the decline in merchandise trade. Passenger traffic will see shifts to public transport modes, providing that they are available.

At this point in time, it is difficult to measure the size of goods sent abroad for processing. In many countries merchandise trade statistics record goods when they cross the border, not when they change ownership. Consequently, goods sent abroad for processing are included in the merchandise trade statistics. This implies that a change in ownership is always assumed (imputed). 14. (...) Many countries have indicated that it would be difficult for their custom authorities to identify goods for processing from other merchandise trade. If it was the case, balancing the SUTs in the context of goods send for processing will remain a challenge under the new standard.

.:.. 689 - 701 , 1. Merchandise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*.... 689 - 692 2.

TD/B/C.I/42 3 Figure 1 Evolution of merchandise import flows by volume, 2005–2017 (Q1 2005 = 100) Source: UNCTADstat database. (...) Figure 2 Evolution of merchandise export flows by volume, 2005–2017 (Q1 2005 = 100) Source: UNCTADstat database. (...) TD/B/C.I/42 4 Figure 3 Evolution of merchandise exports by value, 2000–2016 (Percentage) Source: UNCTADstat database. 8.

There is no single or ideal tool kit that can be applied to all evaluation assessments; rather, the methodological framework will need to be ‘tailor made’ to the requirements of the particular assessment, and different methods will be chosen to serve different tasks within the overall methodology. (...) In nominal terms, the value of LDCs’ total merchandise exports has increased from $83.3 billion in 2005 to $128.5 billion in 200712 and to about $172 billion in 2008. (...) In comparison, the value of total merchandise exports achieved in 2008 was $88.7 billion above the level in 2005 and $131.8 billion above the value in 2002.