NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER THE PARIS AGREEMENT. REVISED SYNTHESIS REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT
All Parties provided information on mitigation targets or mitigation co-benefits
resulting from adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans in their NDCs (see
figure 1), which range from economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets to strategies,
plans and actions for low-emission development, to be implemented within a specified time
frame or implementation period:
(a) Some Parties included absolute emission reduction targets expressed as an
emission reduction from the level in a specified base year, ranging from 7.2 to 88.0 per cent.
(...) In addition, a few of
these Parties expressed their target as a carbon budget in addition to the absolute target,
establishing an overall limit on GHGs to be emitted over a specified period of time (e.g.
between 2021 and 2030);
(b) Many Parties included relative targets for reducing emissions below the
‘business as usual’ level by a specified target year, either for the whole economy or for
specific sectors, ranging from 5 to 103.5 per cent and thus achieving carbon neutrality; or
emission intensity targets for reducing specific GHG emissions per GDP unit relative to a
base-year (e.g. 1990) level;
(c) Some Parties included strategies, plans and actions for low-emission
development reflecting their particular national circumstances;
(d) Some Parties provided information on mitigation co-benefits resulting from
their adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, mostly in combination with
other targets.
34 Including emissions from countries that are not Parties to the Paris Agreement, a harmonization factor
to ensure comparability with SSP scenarios assessed by the IPCC, and emissions from international
aviation and maritime transport, which accounted for approximately 1.2 and 1.5 per cent,
respectively, of total global emissions in 2019.
35 In line with anthropogenic land-use emissions and removals in the scenarios assessed by the IPCC,
although actual directly induced net emissions from LULUCF could be higher.

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NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER THE PARIS AGREEMENT. SYNTHESIS REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT
All Parties provided information on mitigation targets or mitigation co-benefits
resulting from adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans in their NDCs (see
figure 1), which range from economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets to strategies,
plans and actions for low-emission development, to be implemented within a specified time
frame or implementation period:
(a) Some Parties included absolute emission reduction targets expressed as an
emission reduction from the level in a specified base year, ranging from 7.2 to 88.0 per cent.
(...) In addition, a few of
these Parties expressed their target as a carbon budget in addition to the absolute target,
establishing an overall limit on GHGs to be emitted over a specified period of time (e.g.
between 2021 and 2030);
(b) Many Parties included relative targets for reducing emissions below the
‘business as usual’ level by a specified target year, either for the whole economy or for
specific sectors, ranging from 5 to 91 per cent; or emission intensity targets for reducing
specific GHG emissions per GDP unit relative to a base-year (e.g. 1990) level;
(c) Some Parties included strategies, plans and actions for low-emission
development reflecting their particular national circumstances;
(d) Some Parties provided information on mitigation co-benefits resulting from
their adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, mostly in combination with
other targets.
34 Including emissions from countries that are not Parties to the Paris Agreement, a harmonization factor
to ensure comparability with SSP scenarios assessed by the IPCC, and emissions from international
aviation and maritime transport, which accounted for approximately 1.2 and 1.5 per cent,
respectively, of total global emissions in 2019.
35 In line with anthropogenic land-use emissions and removals in the scenarios assessed by the IPCC,
although actual directly induced net emissions from LULUCF could be higher.

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FCCC/KP/AWG/2009/MI
At the same time, it is necessary to pay
attention to improvement of rules and procedures connected to rationale, development
and implementation of such projects. (...) As it was repeatedly admitted, in order to achieve of ambitious emission reduction
targets in post-Kyoto regime it is necessary to involve all possibilities available to Parties.
(...) Introduce emissions trading based on sectoral targets
The Republic of Belarus considers that emission trade based on assigned amount
by sectors can facilitate better emission reduction activities in the sector.
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HUMAN RIGHTS BODIES AND MECHANISMS : WRITTEN SUBMISSION BY THE AZERBAIJAN: HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONER (OMBUDSMAN) : NOTE / BY THE SECRETARIAT
And as
implementation of measures enshrined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of
Azerbaijan dated July 1, 2004, the “State Program on improvement of living conditions and
increasing employment of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons”, as well as in the
amendments to this document dated 31 October, 2007 and 21 February, 2011, were
provided.
(...) As it is known that in the Summit at the
United Nations Headquarter in New York from 25-27 September 2015, the Heads of
member States decided on new global Sustainable Development Goals which include 17
Goals and 169 targets. The most of the targets directly or indirectly are linked to the
development of business which requires human oriented approach. For instance, the target
8 of the SDGs is about the “Decent work and economic growth” which shows that the real
economic growth can not be considered without human rights oriented approach.
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PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT : WRITTEN SUBMISSION BY THE AZERBAIJAN: HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONER (OMBUDSMAN) : NOTE / BY THE SECRETARIAT
.: General
6 September 2016
Russian
Original: English
A/HRC/33/NI/2
2 GE.16-15395
Annex
[English only]
Submission by the Azerbaijan: Human Rights Commissioner
(Ombudsman)
The Statement of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman)
of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Right to Development
The development is a comprehensive process embracing various fields of life and it is a
continuous improvement of welfare of individuals and population in a whole and obvious
display of measures undertaken by states at different levels for improvement of particular
spheres of society, well-being of population. (...) Successful application of national development
model basing on achieving targeted goals, consecutive socio-economic reforms,
improvement of legislation, building a civil society, legal statehood became basic factors
accelerated development in Azerbaijan.
(...) The State Program considered the establishment of the Ombudsman Institute in Azerbaijan
– a serious step forward in the field of improvement situation with human rights protection.

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FCCC/KP/AWG/2009/MI
Therefore, we consider that Annex I Parties should elaborate special conditions and a system allowing
achievement of such targets in aggregate and with consideration of economic, social and technological
capabilities of every separate country.
(...) Views and proposals on possible improvement of carbon
market mechanisms the Republic of Belarus has presented in Submission on improvements to emissions
trading and the project based mechanisms dated February 6, 2009.
(...) Emission projections show that Croatia cannot achieve emission reduction targets of 25-40% through its
own measures. To achieve this range, extensive emission purchase would be necessary.
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REPORT OF THE PANEL ON TROPICAL CYCLONES : ESCAP COMMISSION SESSION (62ND SESS.: 6-12 APRIL 2006 : JAKARTA, INDONESIA) ; NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT
Hydrological Component
The Committee noted the progress in various RCPIP projects under hydrology, especially
flood hazard mapping, sediment disaster forecasting and warning, evaluation and improvement
of operational flood forecasting system focusing on model performance, development of
guidelines for reservoir operation related to flood forecasting, and extension of flood forecasting
systems to selected river basins of WGH.
(...) It also requested the TCS to follow up on the registration of domain names for the improvement
of the TC website.
The Committee requested the Advisory Working Group (AWG) and TCS to develop an
annual work plan on specific action/measures to meet the objectives of RCPIP.
(...) The Committee welcomed the possible Italian-TC cooperation on the project proposal
Improvement of Forecasting and Early Warning for the Least-developed Members of the
Typhoon Committee.
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GE.11-71055 (R) 2
Assessment of the implementation of the Convention and The Strategy
Expected accomplishments Performance indicator
Parties assess the progress made in
meeting strategic objectives 1–4 of The
Strategy and related targets, and pro-
vide guidance on further steps to be
taken
CRIC draft decisions on further steps to be taken
to meet the strategic objectives, taking into con-
sideration the section of the mid-term evaluation
that deals with strategic objectives 1–4
Strategic objectives 1–3 analysed by the CST and
integrated into PRAIS
Target for 2012
Second assessment of implementation (2010–
2011) undertaken, including against impact indi-
cators
Target for 2013
Targets for strategic objectives 1–4 adopted, in-
cluding input by the CST
Parties assess the progress made in
meeting operational objectives 1–5 of
The Strategy and related targets, and
provide guidance on further steps to be
taken
CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to the eleventh
session of the COP (COP 11) on further steps to
be taken to meet the operational objectives
CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to the twelfth
session of the COP (COP 12) on further steps to
be taken to meet operational objectives, outcome
areas, performance indicators and related targets
that may be adopted/amended as part of the mid-
term evaluation at the performance level
Target for 2012
Second assessment of implementation (2010–
2011) against performance indicators
Target for 2014
Third assessment of implementation (2012–
2013) against performance indicators
Parties assess the mobilization and use
of financial resources and other sup-
port, and provide guidance on how to
enhance their effectiveness and effi-
ciency in the achievement of the objec-
tives of the Convention
CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 11 on
how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency
of financial resources and other support
CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 12 on
how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of
financial resources and other support, including
on new provisions that may be adopted as part of
ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗
GE.11-71055 7
the mid-term evaluation in this regard
Target for 2012
Second review of financial flows (2010–2011)
based on preliminary analysis submitted by the
GM to the secretariat
Target for 2014
Third review of financial flows (2012–2013)
based on preliminary analysis submitted by the
GM to the secretariat
Parties adopt methods that improve
communication of information, as well
as the quality and format of reports to
be submitted to the COP
CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 11 on
methods to improve communication of informa-
tion and the quality and formats of reports
Target for 2013
Complete the first iteration on reporting against
impact indicators and the second iteration on
reporting against performance indicators as part
of the mid-term evaluation
B. (...) Collaboration with the Global Environment Facility
Expected accomplishments Performance indicator
Parties assess the progress made in the
cooperation with the Global Environ-
ment Facility, and provide guidance on
further improvement in order for the
GEF to serve as a financial mechanism
of the Convention
CRIC draft decision submitted to COP 11 on a
revised memorandum of understanding with the
GEF
Target for 2014
GEF reports according to the revised reporting
requirements
F. (...) (b) Support to the review and assessment of progress in implementing The Strategy
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.1.3 Parties assess the relevance and effec-
tiveness of The Strategy, and recommend
appropriate measures for improving per-
formance and furthering its implementation
The extent to which the assessment of The Strategy is conducted
according to the modalities, criteria and terms of reference
adopted at COP 10
Target for 2013:
Linkages between GEF investment and the objectives of The Strategy
clarified, including alignment of the sets of impact indicators of the
GEF land degradation focal area and The Strategy;
The merits of a fixed timeframe, with 2018 being the final year of The
Strategy, versus a rolling system, as applied in the RBM framework
of the workplans of the institutions and subsidiary bodies of the Con-
vention, considered.
3.1.4 Parties assess the progress made with
the implementation of The Strategy and
recommend appropriate measures to im-
prove efficiency
The extent to which the assessment of progress made in the imple-
mentation of The Strategy is undertaken by referring to the baseline
assessment of CRIC 9 (as reflected in the pertinent decisions of COP
10) and the analysis of trends to be undertaken at CRIC 1, by mak-
ing use of the findings of the iterative process undertaken mainly in
2011 and 2012; and by considering how the results achieved under
the operational objectives contribute to the delivery of the expected
accomplishments under the strategic objectives
The extent to which PRAIS is implemented according to the provi-
sions contained in the relevant decisions of COP 11
ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗
GE.11-71055 19
3.1.5 Parties assess the CRIC and provide
guidance to improve its performance and
increase its effectiveness
The extent to which the assessment of the CRIC concerns its op-
eration under the terms of reference as modified by the relevant
decision of COP 11
Target for 2013
Assessment of the relevance, impact, effectiveness, appropriate-
ness of format and cost-effectiveness of CRIC meetings
3.1.6 Parties assess the CST, with reference
of it fulfilling operational objective 3 on
how best to measure progress on strategic
objectives 1,2 and 3
The extent to which the assessment of the CST concerns its ful-
fillment of operational objective 3 on how best to measure pro-
gress on strategic objectives 1,2 and 3
3.1.7 Parties assess PRAIS and provide
guidance on further improvement of its
effectiveness
The extent to which the assessment of PRAIS concerns its imple-
mentation according to the provisions contained in the relevant
decisions of COP 11
3.1.8 Parties assess the effectiveness of
existing institutional arrangements and
regional coordination mechanisms, and
provide guidance on further improvement
of regional coordination of the implemen-
tation of the Convention
The extent to which the assessment of the institutional arrange-
ments for RCMs supports the revision and amendment of these
arrangements
Outcome area:
3.2 A baseline based on the most robust data available on biophysical and socio-economic trends is developed
and relevant scientific approaches are gradually harmonized
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.2.1 Effective support to the CST to guide
the development of national and global
baselines for assessing progress in meeting
strategic objectives 1–3
The extent to which the background information provided by the
secretariat is reflected in CST recommendations
Target for 2013
At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is re-
flected in CST recommendations
ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗
20 GE.11-71055
Outcome area:
3.3 Knowledge of biophysical and socio-economic factors and of their interactions in affected areas is im-
proved to enable better decision-making
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.3.1 Effective support to the CST in ad-
vancing knowledge of the biophysical and
socio-economic factors of DLDD and of
related interactions in affected areas
The extent to which background information for and outcomes of the
Convention’s scientific conferences are disseminated in a timely man-
ner to a large group of recipients
Target for 2013
The outcomes of the second scientific conference are made available
online at least three months before COP 11
Outcome area:
3.4 Knowledge of the interactions between climate change adaptation, drought mitigation and restoration of
degraded land in affected areas is improved to develop tools to assist decision-making
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.4.1 Effective support to the
CST in addressing interlink-
ages between the agenda of
the CST and the agendas of
other organizations and bod-
ies relating to the interac-
tions between climate change
adaptation, drought mitiga-
tion and the restoration of
degraded lands
The extent to which the background information of the secretariat on interlink-
ages is reflected in CST recommendations
Target for 2013
At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST
recommendations
The extent to which the actions and needs of the CST are reflected in the work
of those scientific bodies and organizations that the secretariat has addressed
3.4.2 Improved knowledge
and understanding of the mu-
tual benefits of measures to
address drought mitigation
and the restoration of de-
graded land
The extent to which background information on drought mitigation is reflected
in CST recommendations and COP decisions
Target for 2013
At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST
recommendations
ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗
GE.11-71055 21
Outcome area:
3.5 Effective knowledge-sharing systems, including traditional knowledge,7 are in place at the global, regional,
subregional and national levels to support policymakers and end-users, including through the identification and
sharing of best practices and success stories
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.5.1 Effective support to the
CST in promoting the use of
scientific knowledge to sup-
port decision-making con-
cerning the Convention
The extent to which partners support or join the improvement of knowledge
management under the Convention
Target for 2013
10% increase of involved partners on 2011
Outcome area:
3.6 Science and technology networks and institutions relevant to DLDD are engaged to support the implemen-
tation of the Convention
Expected accomplishments
(2012–2015)
Performance indicators
(2012–2015)
3.6.1 The secretariat effec-
tively supports the CST in
improving the provisions for
the engagement of scientists
and scientific institutions
The extent to which the background information of the secretariat on how to
improve provisions for the engagement of scientists and scientific institutions is
reflected in CST recommendations
Target for 2013
At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST
recommendations
Subprogramme 4 – Capacity-building
To identify and address capacity-building needs to prevent and reverse desertification/land
degradation and mitigate the effects of drought.

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EMISSIONS TRADING AND THE PROJECT-BASED MECHANISMS : DRAFT CONCLUSIONS / PROPOSED BY THE CHAIR
Non-Annex I Parties may participate in emissions trading on the basis of agreed emission targets
established for sectors. The emission target for a sector shall be set below the level of projected
anthropogenic emissions by sources of GHGs within the sector boundary, or above the level of projected
enhancements in removals by sinks of GHGs within the sector boundary, and shall be based on the most
recent available data. (...) A participating non-Annex I Party shall be issued with emission allowances corresponding to its
sectoral target. Parties may devolve emission targets and allowances to legal entities.
62. (...) In relation to sectoral emissions trading, the CMP shall adopt modalities for:
(a) The governance of sectoral emissions trading and the means of reaching agreement on
sectoral targets;
(b) The determination of a sector boundary;
(c) The monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions within the sector boundary;
(d) Accounting of emission allowances, including their issuance;
(e) The treatment of potential leakage from within the sector boundary;
(f) Consequences of not achieving the target.

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SYNTHESIS REPORT ON THE AGGREGATE EFFECT OF THE INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS
Некоторые Стороны также указали,
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Other
Peak target
Intensity
Policies and actions
Absolute emission target
Reduction relative to BAUСокращение по
сравнению с ССП
Абсолютный
целевой показатель
выбросов
Политика и действия
Интенсивность
Целевой показатель
пика
Прочее
FCCC/CP/2015/7
GE.15-18808 7/66
что они резервируют за собой право пересмотреть свои ПОНУВ в свете ито-
гов процесса СДП.
16.
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