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All Parties provided information on mitigation targets or mitigation co-benefits resulting from adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans in their NDCs (see figure 1), which range from economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets to strategies, plans and actions for low-emission development, to be implemented within a specified time frame or implementation period: (a) Some Parties included absolute emission reduction targets expressed as an emission reduction from the level in a specified base year, ranging from 7.2 to 88.0 per cent. (...) In addition, a few of these Parties expressed their target as a carbon budget in addition to the absolute target, establishing an overall limit on GHGs to be emitted over a specified period of time (e.g. between 2021 and 2030); (b) Many Parties included relative targets for reducing emissions below the ‘business as usual’ level by a specified target year, either for the whole economy or for specific sectors, ranging from 5 to 103.5 per cent and thus achieving carbon neutrality; or emission intensity targets for reducing specific GHG emissions per GDP unit relative to a base-year (e.g. 1990) level; (c) Some Parties included strategies, plans and actions for low-emission development reflecting their particular national circumstances; (d) Some Parties provided information on mitigation co-benefits resulting from their adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, mostly in combination with other targets. 34 Including emissions from countries that are not Parties to the Paris Agreement, a harmonization factor to ensure comparability with SSP scenarios assessed by the IPCC, and emissions from international aviation and maritime transport, which accounted for approximately 1.2 and 1.5 per cent, respectively, of total global emissions in 2019. 35 In line with anthropogenic land-use emissions and removals in the scenarios assessed by the IPCC, although actual directly induced net emissions from LULUCF could be higher.

All Parties provided information on mitigation targets or mitigation co-benefits resulting from adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans in their NDCs (see figure 1), which range from economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets to strategies, plans and actions for low-emission development, to be implemented within a specified time frame or implementation period: (a) Some Parties included absolute emission reduction targets expressed as an emission reduction from the level in a specified base year, ranging from 7.2 to 88.0 per cent. (...) In addition, a few of these Parties expressed their target as a carbon budget in addition to the absolute target, establishing an overall limit on GHGs to be emitted over a specified period of time (e.g. between 2021 and 2030); (b) Many Parties included relative targets for reducing emissions below the ‘business as usual’ level by a specified target year, either for the whole economy or for specific sectors, ranging from 5 to 91 per cent; or emission intensity targets for reducing specific GHG emissions per GDP unit relative to a base-year (e.g. 1990) level; (c) Some Parties included strategies, plans and actions for low-emission development reflecting their particular national circumstances; (d) Some Parties provided information on mitigation co-benefits resulting from their adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, mostly in combination with other targets. 34 Including emissions from countries that are not Parties to the Paris Agreement, a harmonization factor to ensure comparability with SSP scenarios assessed by the IPCC, and emissions from international aviation and maritime transport, which accounted for approximately 1.2 and 1.5 per cent, respectively, of total global emissions in 2019. 35 In line with anthropogenic land-use emissions and removals in the scenarios assessed by the IPCC, although actual directly induced net emissions from LULUCF could be higher.

At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to improvement of rules and procedures connected to rationale, development and implementation of such projects. (...) As it was repeatedly admitted, in order to achieve of ambitious emission reduction targets in post-Kyoto regime it is necessary to involve all possibilities available to Parties. (...) Introduce emissions trading based on sectoral targets The Republic of Belarus considers that emission trade based on assigned amount by sectors can facilitate better emission reduction activities in the sector.

And as implementation of measures enshrined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated July 1, 2004, the “State Program on improvement of living conditions and increasing employment of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons”, as well as in the amendments to this document dated 31 October, 2007 and 21 February, 2011, were provided. (...) As it is known that in the Summit at the United Nations Headquarter in New York from 25-27 September 2015, the Heads of member States decided on new global Sustainable Development Goals which include 17 Goals and 169 targets. The most of the targets directly or indirectly are linked to the development of business which requires human oriented approach. For instance, the target 8 of the SDGs is about the “Decent work and economic growth” which shows that the real economic growth can not be considered without human rights oriented approach.

.: General 6 September 2016 Russian Original: English A/HRC/33/NI/2 2 GE.16-15395 Annex [English only] Submission by the Azerbaijan: Human Rights Commissioner (Ombudsman) The Statement of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Right to Development The development is a comprehensive process embracing various fields of life and it is a continuous improvement of welfare of individuals and population in a whole and obvious display of measures undertaken by states at different levels for improvement of particular spheres of society, well-being of population. (...) Successful application of national development model basing on achieving targeted goals, consecutive socio-economic reforms, improvement of legislation, building a civil society, legal statehood became basic factors accelerated development in Azerbaijan. (...) The State Program considered the establishment of the Ombudsman Institute in Azerbaijan – a serious step forward in the field of improvement situation with human rights protection.

Therefore, we consider that Annex I Parties should elaborate special conditions and a system allowing achievement of such targets in aggregate and with consideration of economic, social and technological capabilities of every separate country. (...) Views and proposals on possible improvement of carbon market mechanisms the Republic of Belarus has presented in “Submission on improvements to emissions trading and the project based mechanisms” dated February 6, 2009. (...) Emission projections show that Croatia cannot achieve emission reduction targets of 25-40% through its own measures. To achieve this range, extensive emission purchase would be necessary.

Hydrological Component The Committee noted the progress in various RCPIP projects under hydrology, especially flood hazard mapping, sediment disaster forecasting and warning, evaluation and improvement of operational flood forecasting system focusing on model performance, development of guidelines for reservoir operation related to flood forecasting, and extension of flood forecasting systems to selected river basins of WGH. (...) It also requested the TCS to follow up on the registration of domain names for the improvement of the TC website. The Committee requested the Advisory Working Group (AWG) and TCS to develop an annual work plan on specific action/measures to meet the objectives of RCPIP. (...) The Committee welcomed the possible Italian-TC cooperation on the project proposal Improvement of Forecasting and Early Warning for the Least-developed Members of the Typhoon Committee.

Assessment of the implementation of the Convention and The Strategy Expected accomplishments Performance indicator Parties assess the progress made in meeting strategic objectives 1–4 of The Strategy and related targets, and pro- vide guidance on further steps to be taken CRIC draft decisions on further steps to be taken to meet the strategic objectives, taking into con- sideration the section of the mid-term evaluation that deals with strategic objectives 1–4 Strategic objectives 1–3 analysed by the CST and integrated into PRAIS Target for 2012 Second assessment of implementation (2010– 2011) undertaken, including against impact indi- cators Target for 2013 Targets for strategic objectives 1–4 adopted, in- cluding input by the CST Parties assess the progress made in meeting operational objectives 1–5 of The Strategy and related targets, and provide guidance on further steps to be taken CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to the eleventh session of the COP (COP 11) on further steps to be taken to meet the operational objectives CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to the twelfth session of the COP (COP 12) on further steps to be taken to meet operational objectives, outcome areas, performance indicators and related targets that may be adopted/amended as part of the mid- term evaluation at the performance level Target for 2012 Second assessment of implementation (2010– 2011) against performance indicators Target for 2014 Third assessment of implementation (2012– 2013) against performance indicators Parties assess the mobilization and use of financial resources and other sup- port, and provide guidance on how to enhance their effectiveness and effi- ciency in the achievement of the objec- tives of the Convention CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 11 on how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of financial resources and other support CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 12 on how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of financial resources and other support, including on new provisions that may be adopted as part of ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗ GE.11-71055 7 the mid-term evaluation in this regard Target for 2012 Second review of financial flows (2010–2011) based on preliminary analysis submitted by the GM to the secretariat Target for 2014 Third review of financial flows (2012–2013) based on preliminary analysis submitted by the GM to the secretariat Parties adopt methods that improve communication of information, as well as the quality and format of reports to be submitted to the COP CRIC draft decision(s) submitted to COP 11 on methods to improve communication of informa- tion and the quality and formats of reports Target for 2013 Complete the first iteration on reporting against impact indicators and the second iteration on reporting against performance indicators as part of the mid-term evaluation B. (...) Collaboration with the Global Environment Facility Expected accomplishments Performance indicator Parties assess the progress made in the cooperation with the Global Environ- ment Facility, and provide guidance on further improvement in order for the GEF to serve as a financial mechanism of the Convention CRIC draft decision submitted to COP 11 on a revised memorandum of understanding with the GEF Target for 2014 GEF reports according to the revised reporting requirements F. (...) (b) Support to the review and assessment of progress in implementing The Strategy Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.1.3 Parties assess the relevance and effec- tiveness of The Strategy, and recommend appropriate measures for improving per- formance and furthering its implementation The extent to which the assessment of The Strategy is conducted according to the modalities, criteria and terms of reference adopted at COP 10 Target for 2013: Linkages between GEF investment and the objectives of The Strategy clarified, including alignment of the sets of impact indicators of the GEF land degradation focal area and The Strategy; The merits of a fixed timeframe, with 2018 being the final year of The Strategy, versus a rolling system, as applied in the RBM framework of the workplans of the institutions and subsidiary bodies of the Con- vention, considered. 3.1.4 Parties assess the progress made with the implementation of The Strategy and recommend appropriate measures to im- prove efficiency The extent to which the assessment of progress made in the imple- mentation of The Strategy is undertaken by referring to the baseline assessment of CRIC 9 (as reflected in the pertinent decisions of COP 10) and the analysis of trends to be undertaken at CRIC 1, by mak- ing use of the findings of the iterative process undertaken mainly in 2011 and 2012; and by considering how the results achieved under the operational objectives contribute to the delivery of the expected accomplishments under the strategic objectives The extent to which PRAIS is implemented according to the provi- sions contained in the relevant decisions of COP 11 ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗ GE.11-71055 19 3.1.5 Parties assess the CRIC and provide guidance to improve its performance and increase its effectiveness The extent to which the assessment of the CRIC concerns its op- eration under the terms of reference as modified by the relevant decision of COP 11 Target for 2013 Assessment of the relevance, impact, effectiveness, appropriate- ness of format and cost-effectiveness of CRIC meetings 3.1.6 Parties assess the CST, with reference of it fulfilling operational objective 3 on how best to measure progress on strategic objectives 1,2 and 3 The extent to which the assessment of the CST concerns its ful- fillment of operational objective 3 on how best to measure pro- gress on strategic objectives 1,2 and 3 3.1.7 Parties assess PRAIS and provide guidance on further improvement of its effectiveness The extent to which the assessment of PRAIS concerns its imple- mentation according to the provisions contained in the relevant decisions of COP 11 3.1.8 Parties assess the effectiveness of existing institutional arrangements and regional coordination mechanisms, and provide guidance on further improvement of regional coordination of the implemen- tation of the Convention The extent to which the assessment of the institutional arrange- ments for RCMs supports the revision and amendment of these arrangements Outcome area: 3.2 A baseline based on the most robust data available on biophysical and socio-economic trends is developed and relevant scientific approaches are gradually harmonized Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.2.1 Effective support to the CST to guide the development of national and global baselines for assessing progress in meeting strategic objectives 1–3 The extent to which the background information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST recommendations Target for 2013 At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is re- flected in CST recommendations ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗ 20 GE.11-71055 Outcome area: 3.3 Knowledge of biophysical and socio-economic factors and of their interactions in affected areas is im- proved to enable better decision-making Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.3.1 Effective support to the CST in ad- vancing knowledge of the biophysical and socio-economic factors of DLDD and of related interactions in affected areas The extent to which background information for and outcomes of the Convention’s scientific conferences are disseminated in a timely man- ner to a large group of recipients Target for 2013 The outcomes of the second scientific conference are made available online at least three months before COP 11 Outcome area: 3.4 Knowledge of the interactions between climate change adaptation, drought mitigation and restoration of degraded land in affected areas is improved to develop tools to assist decision-making Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.4.1 Effective support to the CST in addressing interlink- ages between the agenda of the CST and the agendas of other organizations and bod- ies relating to the interac- tions between climate change adaptation, drought mitiga- tion and the restoration of degraded lands The extent to which the background information of the secretariat on interlink- ages is reflected in CST recommendations Target for 2013 At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST recommendations The extent to which the actions and needs of the CST are reflected in the work of those scientific bodies and organizations that the secretariat has addressed 3.4.2 Improved knowledge and understanding of the mu- tual benefits of measures to address drought mitigation and the restoration of de- graded land The extent to which background information on drought mitigation is reflected in CST recommendations and COP decisions Target for 2013 At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST recommendations ICCD/CRIC(10)/L.1∗ GE.11-71055 21 Outcome area: 3.5 Effective knowledge-sharing systems, including traditional knowledge,7 are in place at the global, regional, subregional and national levels to support policymakers and end-users, including through the identification and sharing of best practices and success stories Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.5.1 Effective support to the CST in promoting the use of scientific knowledge to sup- port decision-making con- cerning the Convention The extent to which partners support or join the improvement of knowledge management under the Convention Target for 2013 10% increase of involved partners on 2011 Outcome area: 3.6 Science and technology networks and institutions relevant to DLDD are engaged to support the implemen- tation of the Convention Expected accomplishments (2012–2015) Performance indicators (2012–2015) 3.6.1 The secretariat effec- tively supports the CST in improving the provisions for the engagement of scientists and scientific institutions The extent to which the background information of the secretariat on how to improve provisions for the engagement of scientists and scientific institutions is reflected in CST recommendations Target for 2013 At least 75% of the information provided by the secretariat is reflected in CST recommendations Subprogramme 4 – Capacity-building To identify and address capacity-building needs to prevent and reverse desertification/land degradation and mitigate the effects of drought.

Non-Annex I Parties may participate in emissions trading on the basis of agreed emission targets established for sectors. The emission target for a sector shall be set below the level of projected anthropogenic emissions by sources of GHGs within the sector boundary, or above the level of projected enhancements in removals by sinks of GHGs within the sector boundary, and shall be based on the most recent available data. (...) A participating non-Annex I Party shall be issued with emission allowances corresponding to its sectoral target. Parties may devolve emission targets and allowances to legal entities. 62. (...) In relation to sectoral emissions trading, the CMP shall adopt modalities for: (a) The governance of sectoral emissions trading and the means of reaching agreement on sectoral targets; (b) The determination of a sector boundary; (c) The monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions within the sector boundary; (d) Accounting of emission allowances, including their issuance; (e) The treatment of potential leakage from within the sector boundary; (f) Consequences of not achieving the target.

Некоторые Стороны также указали, 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Other Peak target Intensity Policies and actions Absolute emission target Reduction relative to BAUСокращение по сравнению с ССП Абсолютный целевой показатель выбросов Политика и действия Интенсивность Целевой показатель пика Прочее FCCC/CP/2015/7 GE.15-18808 7/66 что они резервируют за собой право пересмотреть свои ПОНУВ в свете ито- гов процесса СДП. 16.