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  Risk Phrases Used in the Countries of EU - International occupational safety & health information ce

R15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, highly flammable gas. R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. (...) R23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. (...) R26/27 Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. R26/28 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.

Score: 1396959.1 - www.ilo.org/legacy/engl...products/safetytm/clasann2.htm

  Microsoft PowerPoint - Pieter van Broekhuizen IFCS Dakar nano OHS workers.ppt

Unclear for workers’ representatives No clear role for labour inspector Physisal/chemical properties Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Individual susceptibility Toxicity Health effect Skin Inhalation Swallowing Exposure route Organising a precautionary approach Scheme for nano risk assessment Items in particular influenced by Nano Physisal/chemical properties Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Individual susceptibility Health effect Skin Inhalation Swallowing Toxicity (Some) relevant nano-specific properties Physisal/chemical properties Concentration Dose Health effect Nano-size + size distribution Dimension and form Matrix and availability NP Skin Inhalation Toxicity Swallowing Airborn behaviour of Nanoparticles Physisal/chemical properties Concentration Dose Health effect Agglomeration Gas-like behaviour Skin Inhalation Toxicity Swallowing Uptake characteristics inhalation Physisal/chemical properties Concentration DoseToxicity Health effect NP size ~10 – 80nm.… alveoli NP <10 and >100nm secondary ingestionSkin Inhalation Swallowing Uptake nano characteristics skin Physisal/chemical properties Concentration DoseToxicity Health effect Skin condition Surface charge (zeta) NP size Skin Inhalation Swallowing Nano-influence on toxicity Physisal/chemical properties Concentration DoseToxicity Health effect Increased surface Increased reactivity New chem/phys structures De-agglomeration Skin Inhalation Swallowing Individual differences Physisal/chemical properties Concentration DoseToxicity Health effect Skin Inhalation Swallowing Individual susceptibility Precautionary approach Taking measures Controling exposure Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Health effect Skin Inhalation Swallowing Physisal/chemical properties Adapting NP matrix Precautionary approach Taking measures Controling exposure Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Health effect Equipment Manual / automatic Brush / roller / spray Skin Inhalation Swallowing Precautionary approach Taking measures Controling exposure Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Health effect Closed systems Ventilation Skin Inhalation Swallowing Physisal/chemical properties Precautionary approach Taking measures Varying working organisation Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Health effect Work organisation Skin Inhalation Swallowing Physisal/chemical properties Precautionary approach Taking measures Last choice PPE Operation Working environment Concentration Exposure time Physical exertion Dose Health effect Skin Inhalation Swallowing Physisal/chemical properties Personal protective equipment Workers’ interests in nanotechnologies Safe Workplace Exposure control • Identify workers potentially exposed Full information on chemicals and products at the workplace Full information on lacking (eco)toxicological data • indication on SDS!

Score: 1352047.95 - https://www.who.int/ifcs/docum...orum6/ppt_nano_broekhuizen.pdf

  Microsoft Word - DGP.28.WP.035.2.en.docx

INTRODUCTION 1.1 To deal with liquids and solids with a Packing Group I inhalation toxicity, Special Provisions A4 and A5 in the Technical Instructions states: A4 Liquids having a vapour inhalation toxicity of Packing Group I are forbidden on both passenger and cargo aircraft. Liquids having a mist inhalation toxicity of Packing Group I are forbidden on a passenger aircraft. (...) A5 Solids having an inhalation toxicity of Packing Group I are forbidden on passenger aircraft.

Score: 1332381.25 - https://www.icao.int/safety/Da...s/DGP28/DGP.28.WP.035.2.en.pdf

  GINA_WR_2006_copyright

Almost all children can be taught to effectively use inhaled therapy. Different age groups require different inhalers for effective therapy, so the choice of inhaler must be individualized (Chapter 3, Figure 3-3). (...) The clinical response to inhaled glucocorticosteroids may depend on the inhaler chosen Figure 4.3-1. (...) Inhaler techniques should be carefully monitored as they may be poor in this age group.

Score: 1327006.9 - https://www.who.int/respirator...A_WR_2006_copyright%5B1%5D.pdf

  ghsc5.PDF

Chemicals can be allocated to one of five toxicity categories based on acute toxicity by the oral, dermal or inhalation route according to the numeric criteria expressed as (approximate) LD50 (oral, dermal) or LC50 (inhalation) values are shown in the table below. (...) Special Considerations for Inhalation Toxicity 7. Values for inhalation toxicity are based on 4 hour tests in laboratory animals. (...) Vapour inhalation values are intended for use in classification of acute hazard for all sectors.

Score: 1325500 - https://www.ilo.org/legacy/eng...fework/ghs/ghsfinal/ghsc05.pdf

  Sbp79-3b-ingles.p65

These levels are lower than those found in this study; 17.1% on average for inhaled corticosteroids. In Juiz de Fora8 levels of 4.6% of inhaled anti-inflammatory use were found, with inhaled corticosteroid therapy used by only 0.8% of the patients with persistent moderate and severe asthma. Levels of inhaled prophylaxis lower than those observed in Belo Horizonte were also found by Cabral et al.7 in the municipality of São Paulo who observed inhaled corticosteroid therapy use by only 6.0% of the patients. (...) Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma.

Score: 1324123.1 - https://www.who.int/gard/countries/camargos.pdf

  Agenda Item 2

Agenda Item 2 (2 pages) WP44.wpd DGP-WG/03-WP/44 13/2/03 DANGEROUS GOODS PANEL Dubai, 31 March to 4 April 2003 Agenda Item 2 : Development of recommendations for amendments to the Technical Instructions for incorporation in the 2005/2006 edition TOXIC BY INHALATION SUBSTANCES (Presented by R. Richard) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Paragraph 2.1.3 of the report of the 18th meeting of the Dangerous Goods Panel states that: "A proposal to forbid certain liquids having or estimated to have a vapor inhalation toxicity of Packing Group I (i.e. (...) Even though the Panel clearly took a decision in principle to forbid PG I inhalation toxicity liquids, there are still a number of toxic by inhalation liquids in the 2003-2004 Technical Instructions that are not forbidden on passenger and cargo aircraft. A list of toxic inhalation liquids with an LC50 < 1000 mL/m3 and a saturated vapor concentration greater than ten times the LC50 is provided below.

Score: 1322611.5 - https://www.icao.int/safety/Da...rousGoods/WG03/DGPWP03.044.PDF

  Asthma

People with asthma may need to use their inhaler every day. Their treatment will depend on the frequency of symptoms and the different types of inhalers available. (...) A spacer is a plastic container with a mouthpiece or mask at one end, and a hole for the inhaler in the other. A homemade spacer, made from a 500-ml plastic bottle, can be as effective as a commercially-manufactured inhaler.  Access to inhalers is a problem in many countries. In 2019, only half of people with asthma had access to a bronchodilator and less than one in five had access to a steroid inhaler in public primary health-care facilities in low-income countries (2).

Score: 1297664.4 - https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Asthma

People with asthma may need to use their inhaler every day. Their treatment will depend on the frequency of symptoms and the different types of inhalers available. (...) A spacer is a plastic container with a mouthpiece or mask at one end and a hole for the inhaler in the other. A homemade spacer, made from a 500ml plastic bottle, can be as effective as a commercially manufactured inhaler.  Access to inhalers is a problem in many countries. In 2021, bronchodilators were available in public primary health care facilities in half of low- and low-middle income countries, and steroid inhalers available in one third.  

Score: 1297664.4 - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Microsoft Word - DGPWG.07.WP.053.3.en.doc

Richard) SUMMARY This paper invites the DGP-WG to consider amending the Supplement to identify liquids which pose an inhalation hazard. Action by the DGP-WG is in paragraph 2. 1. (...) All materials are known to pose a severe inhalation risk and are currently forbidden from transport on both passenger and cargo aircraft in Table 3-1. (...) May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Causes burns.

Score: 1276959.5 - https://www.icao.int/safety/Da...%2007/DGPWG.07.WP.053.3.en.pdf