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In another study, there were no adverse effects observed in the offspring of rats given oral doses of 4 or 6 mg/kg on day 9 or 15 of pregnancy (2). Once in the bloodstream, methyl parathion may cross the placenta (9). (...) Organ Toxicity Methyl parathion primarily affects the nervous system through inhibition of cholinesterase, an enzyme required for proper nerve functioning (9). (...) Fate in Humans and Animals Methyl parathion is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream through all normal routes of exposure. Following administration of a single oral dose, the highest concentration of methyl parathion in body tissues occurred within 1 to 2 hours (2).

After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form, the merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. (...) Most symptoms are caused by: • The release of merozoites into the bloodstream • Anaemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells • Large amounts of free haemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions.

Inhalation Female rats tolerated a daily one-hour inhalation exposure to fenthion of 0.163 mg/l for 30 days with inhibition of cholinesterase but no deaths. At 0.415 mg/l, all animals died within 10 days. (...) However, cholinesterase recovery is slow after inhibition by this compound. Cumulation of effect Repeated exposure may produce cumulative effect on cholinesterase. 2.1.6 Dietary studies Short-term Male and female rats were fed fenthion at dietary levels of 0.25, 0.50, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for three months. (...) At the lowest level, 0.25 mg/kg, the inhibition, approximately 10-20%, was not progressive with time.

Inhalation Female rats tolerated a daily one-hour inhalation exposure to fenthion of 0.163 mg/l for 30 days with inhibition of cholinesterase but no deaths. At 0.415 mg/l, all animals died within 10 days. (...) However, cholinesterase recovery is slow after inhibition by this compound. Cumulation of effect Repeated exposure may produce cumulative effect on cholinesterase. 2.1.6 Dietary studies Short-term Male and female rats were fed fenthion at dietary levels of 0.25, 0.50, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for three months. (...) At the lowest level, 0.25 mg/kg, the inhibition, approximately 10-20%, was not progressive with time.

Inhalation Female rats tolerated a daily one-hour inhalation exposure to fenthion of 0.163 mg/l for 30 days with inhibition of cholinesterase but no deaths. At 0.415 mg/l, all animals died within 10 days. (...) However, cholinesterase recovery is slow after inhibition by this compound. Cumulation of effect Repeated exposure may produce cumulative effect on cholinesterase. 2.1.6 Dietary studies Short-term Male and female rats were fed fenthion at dietary levels of 0.25, 0.50, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for three months. (...) At the lowest level, 0.25 mg/kg, the inhibition, approximately 10-20%, was not progressive with time.

Part 2 - Toxicology and risks 2.1 TOXICOLOGY-MAMMALS 2.1.1 Absorption route Absorbed by the intact skin as well as by inhalation and from the gastro-intestinal tract. 2.1.2 Mode of action Cholinesterase inhibition after conversion into the more toxic oxygen analogue in the body. 2.1.3 Excretion In rats 86% of an oral dose is eliminated in seven days (urine 45% and faeces 40%). (...) Inhalation Female rats tolerated a daily one-hour inhalation exposure to fenthion of 0.163 mg/l for 30 days with inhibition of cholinesterase but no deaths. At 0.415 mg/l, all animals died within 10 days. (...) However, cholinesterase recovery is slow after inhibition by this compound. Cumulation of effect Repeated exposure may produce cumulative effect on cholinesterase. 2.1.6 Dietary studies Short-term Male and female rats were fed fenthion at dietary levels of 0.25, 0.50, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for three months.

Several specialists have mentioned signs of etiolation in the leaves of plants growing in the immediate neighbourhood of a high density motor traffic area and have drawn attention to its inhibiting action on chlorophyll synthesis [8] and other metabolic changes such as a lowering in photosynthesis and foliar transpiration, diminution in the vitamin ratio, etc. [5,8,9 and 10]. 20. (...) Several authorities have commented, however, that symptoms of subclinical disturbances were detected both in adults and children when the amount of lead in the bloodstream was below the current limit of acceptability; these disturbances mainly affect the nervous system [27] and seem to be linked to certain types of mental retardation in children [28] or in animals [29] or even to certain kinds of delinquency [30]. (...) CARLSON et G.L. ROjjFE "Inhibition of corn and sunflower photosynthesis by lead" Physiol.

RNA interference can inactivate specific genes in the body, inhibit expression of important bodily proteins, disrupt physiological function and heighten the effects of a bioweapon attack. (...) High-Affinity Binding Reagents (aptamers) that modulate or inhibit the expression of specific peptide targets also demonstrate an antiviral activity. (...) J Virol. 2001;75:1205–10. 7 Bembridge GP, Lopez JA, Cook R, Melero JA, Taylor G (1998) Recombinant vaccinia virus coexpressing the F protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) does not inhibit the development of RSV-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whereas priming is diminished in the presence of high levels of IL-2 or gamma interferon. 8 Selgelid MY and Weir L.