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In 2018, 19.8 per cent of the population in the Gambia was using the Internet, while only 9.6 per cent had a computer at home.18 Many access the Internet at Internet cafés or on their mobile telephone. (...) They often recommend dating websites and help the customers register. (...) It also plans to engage with Internet service providers, Internet cafes and social network platforms to develop child protection codes of conduct, ensure stricter monitoring and filtering and block modules of websites containing child sexual abuse images.

She visited the Internet Hotline Centre, and met with representatives of the Internet Content Safety Association and the Safer Internet Association. 4. (...) Thereafter, the Association provides Internet service providers and mobile network operators with lists of Internet addresses to be blocked. (...) Managed by the Internet Association Japan, it is a member of the International Network of Internet Hotlines and funded by the National Police Agency.

The Special Rapporteur has assessed complaints from civil society that in a number of schools there exist guidelines, which sanction and impose punishments for dating between school students. The facts of the matter are still being verified since it would appear that some of the data on which some of the complaints relied (2009-2013) may be too dated and the problem may have since been largely resolved. (...) In the case of illicit videos circulating online, victims are forced to continuously suffer unless those videos are removed from the Internet. Therefore, deletion support is critical for the recovery of victims. 5 The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic within a few months of the Special Rapporteur visiting Korea has meant that it was not possible to fairly assess whether the recommendation system does in point of fact work or whether it is too weak. (...) The Armed Forces have also confirmed wrongly using dating apps to identify male military personnel who had had sexual intercourse with other male members of the Armed Forces during investigations in 2017 35 individuals, and attempted to intimidate some of them to hand over their mobile phones in order to identify their sex partners.

The issue of data 14_ Quantifying child Sexual exploitation is a critical task_ Commercial Sexual exploitation of child工en (CSEC) is difficult to Ineasure because of the Inany factors linked to tl〕e characteristics of 迂le Phenomenon_ The illegality of CSEC， especially in its Inanifestations Within organized criIne， together Wi迂1 Social unaWareneSS of even c0mPlicity， make 迂le Phenomenon invisible and hence difficult to quantify_ IS_ The difficulty in quantifying CSEC is evident in the Wide disparity in estimates given by different Sources 山at Vaty from l00，000 to S00，000 cases_ o山er indicators of Social maladjustment highlight 迂le risk to Which 迂lousands of child工en are exposed_ 16_ The data available are 迂lose gathered by hotlines and Programmes that Provide assistance to Victims_ T丑ese Programmes Provide Inore assistance to Victims of Sexual abuse than Victims of Sexual exploitation_ The attitude of Sexually exploited ad0leScentS， Who Often do Ilot See 迂lemselves as VictiInS， coupled With the Pervasive Sense of impunity for Perpetrators and 迂le feeling 迂lat I10 red工ess Will be Obtained through 迂le judiciary， result in a Very limited number of cases being reported_ II1 addition to 迂lese factors that hamper 迂le quantifying of 迂le phen0men0n， all too Often Sexually exploited child工en and adolescents are 迂le Inost marginalized of S0ciety， E/CN_4/2004/9/Add_Z Page 8 living Sometimes Wi迂lout bir迂1 registration_ They are non一existent as far as institutions are concerned and Out of the reach of Social Services_ This Ineans 由at 迂le number of reported cases are only tl〕e tip of a Inuch bigger iceberg_ 17_ The Brazilian Multiprofessional Association to Protect Child工en and Adolescents (AS置口C艺况蔓反口 B厂况S萃Ze萃厂况 MMZZZ歹厂口万SSZ口邝况Z CZE P厂口ZE蔓反口 魔 Z邝仄′c重邝C萃况 6 魔 A丕Z口ZESC旨邝C艺况, ABRAPZA) ga迂lered data on cases of Sexual exploitation reported Via a hotline_ From February 1997 to Ianuary Z003， 4，893 cases Were reported_ Sixty一eight Per cent of 迂le cases reported concerned Sexual exploitation_ The remaining 32 Per cent alleged Sexual abuses_ AS regards cases of Sexual eXPl0itatiOn， 69 Per cent concerned child Pr0StitutiOn， ZS Per cent Were Internet一related， only 3 Per cent concerned Sex t0uriSIn， 2 Per cent related to 迂le Production and Sale of Pornographic Inaterial and 1 Per cent trafficking for Sexual eXPl0itatiOn_z AS of May Z003， 迂le hotline had been centralized by the Special Secretary On Human Rights but Inaintained the Same number (0800 99 0S00)_ From IS May [0 IS Novembef 2003 迂le hotline received 3，874 reports of Sexual abuSe， Violence and Sexual exploitation of child工en and adolescents_ of that I1uInber， S09 Were cases of commercial Sexual eXpl0itati0n， 1，Z03 concerned Sexual abuse and Z，l6Z involved other forms of Violence (negligence， Physical abuse and Psychological abuSe)_ B. (...) Prostitution is blatantly Visible in tourist resoft areas along 迂le c0aSt， as in 迂le States of Cear亘 and Rio de Ianeiro_ one night While driving along Copacabana beach in Rio de _TaneirO， 迂le Special RaPP0rteur， toge迂ler With educatOrS， Were able to Verify h0W Widespread the Prostitution of young Women is_ The Special Rapporteur Was also Sh0Wn bars and nightclubs 迂lat are knOWn as Places for Ineeting Inale and female Prostitutes_ The Same Was Observed in Belt毛In_ E/CN_4/2004/9/Add_2 Page 10 3. Internet一related crimes 28_ II1 the current information era， Some forms of child Sexual exploitation Occur through 迂le Internet_ The Unit to Prevent and Repress Crimes committed through the Internet， associated Wi迂1 迂le federal Police in Rio de _Taneiro (N乙ZCZE口 丕ZE P厂EVE邝薹反口 6 RE歹厂ESS反口 丕ZE C厂Z阴ES VZ况 Z邝ZE厂刀EZ, NUNE刀 reported 迂lat 70 Per cent of 迂le Internet一related crimes reported from May 2000 to November 2003 pertained to child Pornography_ NeVertheleSS， cases of Internet child Pornography reported to the Police are decreasing_ This is because perpetrators n0W tend to use e一mail Inore frequently to exchange Inaterial On child Pornography_ II1 this Way 迂ley escape detection by the Police_ A Inajor Obstacle to the investigation of Internet一related crimes is the time lapse betWeen 迂le time the crime is c0InInitted， tl〕e case is reported to tl〕e Police and tl〕e investigation takes place_ This lapse is Often too long for crimes based On information techn0l0gy， as perpetrators of crime all too Often have enough time to disappear_ Specific legislation is needed to tackle Internet一related crimes Inore effectively_ For inStance， tl〕e First International Conference On Child Pornography On the Internet held in Salvador in December 2002 SuggeSted， among O迂ler pr0pOSalS， tl〕e adoption of legislation rec吾uiring Internet Providers to register data On 由eir users and keep archives for at least three years_ C. (...) LEGISLATION 43_ Brazil has ratified the Inain international human rights treaties_ The compiled initial， first and Second Periodic reports Were Submitted to 迂le Committee on 迂le Rights of 迂le Child (CRC) a feW days before 迂le Visit of 迂le Special Rapporteuf in Brazil (CRC/C/3/Add.6S)_ The Portuguese Version of the report is available on 迂le Internet_13 44_ Brazil Signed but has Ilot ratified ei迂ler the Optional Protocol to the Convention on 迂le Rights of 迂le Child on 迂le Sale of child工en， child Prostitution and child P0rn0graphy， as Well as the basic Ineasures needed for their Prevention and eradication of the Protocol to PreVent， Suppress and Punish Trafficking in PerSOnS， Especially Women and Child工en， Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime_ 4S_ 1140 Convention NO_ 182 concerning 迂le Prohibition and immediate action for 迂le elimination of the Worst forms of child labour Was ratified but Ilot Convention N0_ 138 concerning Ininimum age for admission to employment_ Brazil ratified the Inter一American Convention On Connicts of Law Concerning the Adoption of Minors and 迂le Hague Convention On Protection of Child工en and Cooperation in Respect of Inter一country Adoption_ E/CN_4/2004/9/Add_2 Page 13 46_ Article 227 of the 1988 Constitution gives absolute Priority to child工en，S rights_ The 1990 Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ESZ况Z眈Z口 丕Z况 C厂Z况刀薹况 6 丕Z口 A丕Z口ZE占CE邝ZE, ECA) is a comprehensive act on child工en，S rights_ At 迂le time of its ad0PtiOn， it represented Significant advancement in 迂le recognition of child工en as People With rights_ ECA foresees 迂le establishment of an institutional fraIneWOrk to Protect child工en， S rights_ Thirteen years On from its ad0pti0n， Several Provisions of ECA are yet to be fully implemented_ 47_ Articles Z40， 241 and 244 (a) of ECA qualifies child P0rn0graPhy， and child Sexual exploitation as crimes_ Articles 240 and 241 Were amended in October 2003 to make child Pornography on the Internet a Punishable offence_ 48_ Article 231 of 迂le 1940 Penal code prohibits 迂le international trafficking of Women for Prostitution_ The definition of trafficking according to article 231 is limited_ FirStly， it only considers international and Ilot internal trafficking_ Sec0ndly， 迂le Only persons identified as Potential Victims are Women_ T丑is Ineans t壬1乏廿1t the legislation does Ilot cover trafficking of Inale adults (Inale child工en being covered by ECA) Ilor Inale to female transgenders if registered as Inen_ Thirdly， article 231 only considers trafficking for Prostitution and Ilot for o迂ler Purposes_ 49_ The penal code has Some Obsolete Provisions dating back to 1940_ For eXample， Sexual crimes are considered crimes against customs and Ilot against the Person_ The Same applies to 迂le code on Penal Procedure dated 1941_ The Special Rapporteur Was repeatedly told t壬1乏廿1t the System to Present evidence in 迂le Penal Procedure in cases of Sexual abuse and exploitation is inadequate and favours 迂le Perpetrators_ S0_ Over S0 d工aft laWS on 迂lese and o迂ler issues are to be discussed by Parliament二 these laWS Inainly concern child P0rn0graPhy， on 迂le Internet in Particular， the definition of 〔rafficking， Internet一related crimes and the Prohibition of tourist Inaterial Portraying naked of half一naked Women_ IV.

Racism in the media and on the Internet .................................................................................. 17 C. (...) The African presence in the Netherlands has a long history, dating back to the Dutch Empire’s participation in the transatlantic trade in Africans and the system of African enslavement, especially in the Caribbean. 7. (...) In addition, other institutions collect data about ethnic discrimination, such as specialized agencies against discrimination, the National Human Rights Institute, and the Registration Bureau for Discrimination on the Internet. Periodic “Monitors” are published on racial and other kinds of discrimination.

However, some stakeholders expressed concern at the growing risk of sexual exploitation online, given the proliferation of Internet cafes, concerning which there is very little supervision because of the limited capacity of the Central Office for the Suppression of Cybercrime. (...) They are linked to supply (families in great difficulty, poverty, lack of economic opportunities, problems of access to basic social services, school dropout, unsafe access to the Internet and certain social norms) and demand (growing demand for sexual services involving children, increasingly structured exploitation networks, rapid and frequent evolution of destinations for child sex tourism). 30. (...) According to the Ministry of Justice, the latest version, dating from August 2013, is to be considered by the National Assembly in early 2014.

Concerning child pornography, the National Bureau of Interpol is working together with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States of America in a special group monitoring the Internet. Ukraine also ratified the Convention on Cybercrime. (...) As for the distribution of child pornography via Internet and Ukraine-based child pornography websites, there is little information on that matter. 11 See footnote 10 above. 12 See footnote 3 above.

Racism in the media .......................................................................................... 76-78 15 C. Racism on the Internet....................................................................................... 79-80 16 D. (...) The African presence in the United Kingdom has a long history, dating back to the Roman Empire and continuing with the participation of England/Britain in the transatlantic trade in Africans and the system of African enslavement, especially in the Caribbean. (...) Some communities, for example in Liverpool, date back to the 1700s. Others are second or third generation immigrants descended from the Windrush generation of economic migrants and others are more recent groups who have migrated from Africa, the Americas and other parts of Europe for a variety of social, economic and political reasons. 10.

On June 8, 2010, amendments to the Criminal Code and other acts went into effect introducing more effective measures to counteract paedophilia in the Internet. The purpose of the Act was to introduce harsher penalties for perpetrators of sex offences against children below the age of 15. (...) Prior to June 2010, libel and slander committed in the mass media (the press, radio, television, book publications, electronic recordings or the Internet) was punishable by up to two years in prison. (...) As a result of the ECHR rulings, the Polish Parliament adopted the Act on Disclosure of Information about State Secret Service Documents dating from 1944-1990 and the Contents of Such Documents (the “Act”).

In the eight months of the present regime, more than 23,790 articles were deleted from internet sites for being "articles following the north", and hundreds of internet sites were forced to shut down. “Jaju Minbo”, the progressive internet newspaper – it represents the voice of justice – is in the state of shutdown, being accused of “pro-north”. (...) Critical living conditions created not only the “generation of giving up on 3 dos” such as dating, marriage and childbirth but also the “generation of complaining on 3 feels” such as anxiety, dissatisfaction and mistrust and the number continues to be increased.