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Given their situation of vulnerability, migrants face the risk of being trafficked and exploited during their journey. However, internal trafficking also occurs, especially affecting Roma communities. 5. (...) Reports indicate that such migrants only stay in the country until they find the means to continue their journey towards other European countries. In those circumstances, identification of cases of trafficking among migrants in transit is challenging. (...) The collaboration of the asylum system and the system of protection envisaged for trafficked persons can add a layer of protection and ensure that appropriate measures are taken for those who in their journey are, or can become, victims of trafficking and exploitation.

In the case of non-Nigerien migrants expelled from Algeria, IOM community mobilizers in Assamaka and Arlit inform them about their options and rights, namely to continue their migration journey, to receive assistance from IOM to return to their countries of origin, to be referred to UNHCR32 or to remain in the Niger as ECOWAS citizens or asylum seekers. (...) Some of them indicated that they could no longer endure the human rights violations they had been subjected to during their migration journey – such as racial discrimination, arbitrary arrest, torture, collective expulsion and sexual and labour exploitation – and the difficult situation in the transit centres, and they wished to return to their countries of origin.

GANHRI has embarked in its journey to strengthen the link between Human Rights, Climate Change and Development starting with its Strategic Plan for 2020-2022 and culminating with the issue of its outcome declaration after its Annual Conference on Climate Change last December, which includes deciding on the establishment of a GANHRI Caucus, to focus on Human Rights and Climate Change.

3 可参看的资料包括：Markar Malkonian，My Brother’s Road: An American’s Fateful Journey to Armenia (London and New York，I. B. Tauris，2005)，第 214页。

2 Markar Melkonian, My Brother’s Road: An American’s Fateful Journey to Armenia (London and New York, 2005), p. 214。

Most importantly, as the United States has increased its border control policies (e.g. by erecting a wall along its southern border with Mexico, carrying out radar surveillance, and increasing its technical and human capacity to do roundups and arrest and detain undocumented migrants, inter alia), the journey that the average Mexican with irregular status makes to the United States has become more dangerous. (...) Those deported to Central America often attempt to return to the United States, transiting through Mexico along the way, and often re-establishing operations with the gang networks during their journey. 32. Deportees are returned to their countries of origin stigmatized and with little assistance for integration and employment; some are not fluent in Spanish. (...) Due to the stress that detention causes for women migrants, many become sick upon arrival at the detention centre and some seek to attend to injuries or illnesses incurred before or during the journey. Care and treatment related to sexual violence needs to be further developed and offered more pervasively.

However, this is only the beginning of a long journey towards a fully democratic nation that the people of Myanmar have for so long been aspired to and strived for. (...) However, the people of Myanmar are resilient, determined, and solidly united behind the leadership of State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to overcome the obstacles on our journey to peace and prosperity, freedom, and democracy.

The Special Rapporteur observed that migrants are nevertheless vulnerable during the whole of their journey through Mexico. Extortion and attacks on the physical integrity and dignity of migrants 18. (...) When they kidnapped a migrant, the criminals would make contact with his or her relatives and the migrant would only be released and allowed to continue the journey to the north if money was paid. Migrants who need help from smugglers to get across the border pay up to US$ 1,500 each and run the risk of being abandoned and/or abused by the smugglers during the crossing. (...) These are young women, many of them illiterate, who stay temporarily in the south of Mexico in order to save sufficient money to continue their journey to the United States. The abuses most commonly suffered by these women are ill-treatment and extortion by certain officials, sexual abuse by police officers in exchange for not being deported, conditions of servitude, violence by employers and clients, unwanted pregnancies and discrimination. 45.

Many of them have hired smugglers, more commonly known as pasantes, pateros, coyotes or polleros, and have invested all their savings in the journey. They cross the border illegally, in a delicate physical and psychological state, with worrying signs of exhaustion, dehydration and malnutrition, and with no more belongings than what they are wearing. (...) Various church groups and NGOs in Tucson and Douglas presented the Special Rapporteur with their projects for installing antennas with water tanks in the desert in order to help migrants who become dehydrated during their journey. They reported that their initiatives had been opposed in certain sectors of the Border Patrol and the INS, which considered that such initiatives could encourage greater migration. (...) Many are prepared to take any risk in the final stage of a journey that, they believe, will bring them a more dignified future.

见 Carla Angulo-Pasel, “Complex migration: A woman’s transit journey through Mexico, 工作文件(联合国促 进性别平等和增强妇女权能署，2015 年 2 月)，p.15。 (...) 64 见 Carla Angulo-Pasel, “Complex migration: A woman’s transit journey through Mexico”, p. 14。 65 见难民署，“难民署对针对难民妇女儿童的性暴力的报告表示关切”，新闻报道，2015 年 10 月 23 日。 (...) 见 Jacob Townsend and Christel Oomen, Before the Boat: Understanding the Migrant Journey, (布鲁塞尔， 移民政策研究所，2015 年)，p.13。可查阅 www.migrationpolicy.org/node/15288。