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The kafala system enshrines the power imbalance between employers and employees, leading to forced labour and exploitative practices, such as wage theft, unfair dismissals, overwork, restricted movements and violence. (...) Those interest rates were already deemed above market by the IMF in 201657 and represented windfall profits to the recipients to an equivalent of 10 per cent of GDP.58 While this operation arguably strengthened the capital buffers of banks,59 it weakened the financial stability of the banking sector by generating significant losses on the BDL balance sheet, ultimately leading to the currency collapse and depositor wealth destruction. (...) While respecting the independence of BDL, the Government must ensure in the definition of the BDL mandate that monetary policy does not lead to contravention of its human rights obligations. 2.

She also met with the United Nations resident coordinator and country team; the Pan American Health Organization coordinator for Hansen’s disease in the region; the more prominent academics in the fields of hansenology (leprology), public health, history and social sciences at the leading South American public health research centre (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz); law and health-care professionals and public health managers; members of civil society organizations and national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs); and members of MORHAN, the national Movement for the Reintegration of Persons Affected by Hansen’s disease, both its national coordination and regional branches. (...) Special measures 17. Brazil has been leading in the adoption of anti-discrimination laws and special measures12 for the protection of persons affected by Hansen’s disease and their family members. (...) Moreover, anticipated stigma seems to act as a barrier for the full participation of persons affected by Hansen’s disease in community life and society at large, leading to self- isolation, loss of self-esteem and deterioration of mental health.

As the international component was removed, the capacities of these institutions markedly decreased, leading to a deceleration of prosecutions and trials. (...) As a result of this inadequate and intricate legal and institutional framework, which has the effect of deterring the submission of claims, victims spend years in administrative and legal proceedings, in many cases to no avail, or, leading to new forms of harm inflicted by State or entity institutions.

研究和著作 • “Settlement of International Disputes under the Law of the Sea”, leading to the award of Ph.D. • “International Criminal Law: Crime Prevention and Punishment”, an article contributed in a book entitled “India and international Law”, 2005, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Moreover, 8 families were totally exterminated, 130 children lost one and other 25 children lost both parents. A number of world’s leading news agencies, “The Times”, “The Guardian”, “Reuters” and “BBC” reported about the brutal scenes of the criminal acts committed against humanity in Khojaly.

Concluded on 7 Apfil 2008 乏蚤 consultancy contract With the Nile Basin Initiative (N一BI) to Pfepafe 乏蚤 dIaft genefic Subsidiafy agfeement Tecognizing the legal Pefsonality of N一BI in all the Nile Basin counties and gfanting pfivileges and immunities_ M2丨in pr0feSSi0n2丨l 氮CtivitieS= 〇n Iune 18 2009) the United Nations employed him as human TightS， consultant to pfepafe 2】 h岫an IightS， Inanual fof national Sec肛ity officefs in Sudan Fofmef UndeTSecTetaTy， Ministfy of IuStice， 2000一2002 Solicitof Genefal fof H岫an Rights and H岫anitafian Law (Sudan)， 1998一2000 z4r涉ZZ7况扛口刃 况刃(彦 Zeg况ZPr况c颐ce，ˉ Nomin且ted as Co一afbitfatof by the CouIt of the Intemational Chambef of Commefce in Pafis in 日 dispute betWee1^l 日 Sefbian Company and both the Ministfy of Defence and the Ministfy of the Intefiof of the Republic of Sudan in 2009 Leading defence counsel of the National Electficity Co甲ofation of Suclan in 2】 dispute With an il宜tefnational Company befofe the Intefnational Chambef of Commefce in 2009 Pfepafed legal opinions in 2007 and 2008 about 2】 n岫bef of finance contfacts (Sukuk Salam) concluded between Sukuk Salam C0. (...) Ahmed E1 Mufti as co一 afbitfatof in an Intefnational Chambef of Commefce Afbitfation No_ 13838/I\/IS， Septembef 2005 Hifed by the Wofld Bank to do Some legal Wofk in co血ection With thei工 offices iJ^l KhaIt0uIn， Iune 2005 Legal Advisof fof the lafgest Inobile Phone company in the Sudan (2〇〇3一2〇〇6) Advocate and Commissionef fof 〇暑】t1宜S as ofFebruaTy 2002 Solicitof Genefal fof Contfacts and Intemational AgIeeInentS， Ministry of Iustice and Attofney GeneTal〕S ChaInbeIS， Sudan (1991一1998) Leading Defence Counsel in Sevefal commefcial law afbitfations befofe the Intemational Chambef of Commefce in Pafis (1994一1998) Membef and chaifman ofmany Local Afbitration Boafds GE 10一457Z7 5 CRC/SP/4Z/Add_1 Seconded ffom the Govefnlnent of the Sudan to Kuwait as legal advisof (1987一1990) Seconded ffom the Govemlnent of the Sudan to the AIab Authofity fof Agficult肛al Investment and Development (1985一1987) Head of tl^le Legal DePaItInent， Genefal Petfoleum C0TPoTation， Khafto岫 (1983一1985) Legal CounSel， M恤istfy of Enefgy and Mining， Sudan (l979一l98〇) Legal Advisef in the Ministfy of Iustice and Attomey Genefal ChaInbeTS， Sudan (1973一 Ianuafy 2002) Membef of 出C Advisofy Council of the Ministef of Intefiof (2003) Membef of tl^le Advisofy Council of the Ministef of Pafliamentafy Relations (2004) I/I/(珏乙卜er Z况WAˉ Consultant fof tl^le Gennan Development Fund (GTZ)， EthioPia， to caffy out Study on Tefonn of Sudan Watef legiSlation， 2007 Instfuctof hi工ed by the Applied Tfaining Institute (EgyPt) to delivef lectufes on the legal aspects of the integfated Watef Teso肛ces management (IWRI\/I)， 2007 Membef of 出C Advisofy Council of the Ministef of I扛igation and Watef ReSouIceS， 2003 Legal advisef fof the Nile Basin Initiative (I\IBI) undef 2】 Sefvice contfact With the United Nations Development Pfogfamme 旧NDP) in co皿ection With the negotiations With the Wofld Bank in Washington to f蚯ance N一BI pfoj ect 2002 Food and Agficult肛al Ofganization National Legal Consultant fof capacity一building Pfoject as of1999 Assigned as National Consultant by I则DP to RAB/96/008 pfoject (Legal Ffamewofk of the Watef Sectof in Sudan) fof the Ministfy of I扛igation and Watef Reso肛ces of the Sudan， Ianuafy 1999 艾"e况cZ′z艺刀吕汉 ex花De汀e刀ce.ˉ School 0fLaW， Univefsity of Kh且Tto岫 High Institute fof Envifonln ental StudieS， Kha苋oum Extemal examinef and Supefvisof of many mastefs and PhD_ degfees in LaW， fof example PhD in LaW fof the Student Abdalla Hamid IdIiS in the Quofan UniVeTSity， 〇mCluI]〕aIn， Sudan， 2〇〇l PhD degfee in Law fof Student Moftah Omef Hamad Defbash (ffom Libya) in Kha苋oum UniVeTSity， Sudan， 2004 PhD degfee PhD degfee iJ^l Law fof the Student DT. (...) Cyfil and Methodius UniVeTSity， Skopje Defence StudieS， Univefsity 0fBelgTade 1978一1982 Pfincipal Subjects/Occupational Skills c0VeTed= Defence/Pfofessof Name and type of ofganisation PI0ViCliJ^lg ofganisation and 住aining_ St_ CyTil and Me出odius UniVeTSity， Institute 0fDefe1^lce Studies GE 10一457Z7 CRC/SP/4ZZAdd_1 GE 10一457Z7 Computer skills 氮nd competences: Advanced Skills of MS D〇S， MS Windows and Office applications (又艾、ZoTd， Ffont Page， POWeT P0int)， Cofel DTaW， Adobe Page MakeT， Basic Skills of Micfosoft Access and Adobe Photoshop_ other m氮in 氮ctivities i丨l the fieId rel氮ted to the m氮nd氮te of the tre氮ty body concerned: 2007 一 Membef 0fNational Govefnlnental Commission fof childIen】S Tights 2007 一 Membef ofthe Boafd of Coalition 瀹瀹All fof Faif TTialS)， 2006 一 Pfesident of the Human Rights House in Macedonia一Intefnational H岫an Rights Netwofk 2004 一 Membef of Assembly of the Coalition 瀹瀹All fof Faif TTialS，) 2005 一 Membef of the National Team fof the National Stfategy of Child Pfotection 2005 一 Membef of the Local Committee of the LEAP 一 Community 44GoTce PetIoV，， 2004 一 Membef of the Council of the MCIC一Macedonian Centfe fof Intemational Coopefation 一 Membef of the Committee of Civil Platfofm ofI\/Iacedonia 2002 一 Membef of the Coofdinative body of the Association fof Equal Emancipation and Solidafity of the Women in the Campaign ，，FaInily Violenceyy 2001 一 Cfeatof of Code of Ethics of the Association of ChildIen、S Ofganizations in the Republic of Macedonia 1999一2001 Membef of the Commission in the Govefnlnent of Republic of Macedonia fof Pfevention ffom juvenile delinquency 2〇〇2一2〇〇3 Initiatof and foundef of 出C Macedonian Union fof Child Pfotection 1999一2000 Secfetafy Genefal of the Macedonian National NGO Child Rights Coalition 1999 一 Foundef of the NGO_ Defence fof Childfen Rights 1999 一 Membef of the Executive Boafd of the Defence fof ChildIen Rights 1998 一 Repfesentative of the United Towns Agency fof N0Ith South Coopefation Vice一chaifman of the Intefnational Executive Committee at the Univefsal ChildIen，S Slllnmit 1992 Foundef of the FCEWM Recognized and ackn0Wledged by the public opinion as haViJ〕g emphasized the Ineaning of childIen，S Iights in Macedonia Leading Pefson in the media covefage on questions and infofmation concefning child pfotection and childIen，S Tights Pfomotef of many activities to Stimlllate the business community to pa苋icipate Inofe actively and Inofe fonnally Within civil S0ciety， With intention to pfovoke C0IpoTate Social Responsibility Recognized as being the 瀹瀹Inoving foTce，) fof the child Iights movement in Macedonia Z置邂 CRC/SP/4Z/Add_1 Z4 Sec肛ed ovef 70 pef cent of intefnation旦ll funding fof all pTojectS， and othef donations of that l〈i1^lC1 ffom local businesses Difectof of the annual Summef Schools fof the childIen and y0uth， ofganized by FCEWM Tfainef and educat0T， Tfainef fof ChildIen Rights TTainiJ〕g fof judges and Public Pfosecutofs th工ough the Academy fof Iudges and Public Pfosecutofs Tfainefl I\/工T_ Dfagi Zminajac TIainiJ〕g Subject_ Repfesenting childIen as Victims of Sexual abuse and lobbying fof Inofe Sevefe Penalties ovef the Paedophiles and 乏蚤 Study Tegafding cases When the child Victim does not WithdIaW its Statement but latef being b肛dened by the family decides to WithdIaW the Statem ent_ The tfainings afe done on 28 Novembef 2008 in SkoPje， on 4 and 5 Februafy 2009 at the Academy fof judgeS〕 and Public Pfosecutofs】 tfaining in Skopje and 1 and 3 Iune at the Appeal C0uItS in Bitola and Stip_ TTainiJ〕g fof GO iJ^l the Sphefe of Tights and Inonitofing of childIen， Tegafding GO Which afe pa苋icipating in tl^le pfepafation of the Repoft fof Shading of tl^le childIen)S Iights and Iespect_ Date_ 2一4 ApTil， Kavadafci_ At the T二「2】i1^liJ^lg thefe Wefe 25 Pafticipants ffom 17 GO and 9 towns in Macedonia.

• Secretary General, National Council for Women (NCW), 2013-2015 Leading and managing an organization of approximately 400 employees with representation offices in all 27 of Egypt’s governorates. (...) This included guiding processes leading to the ratification by India of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1992 and UN CEDAW in 1993, and the establishment of India’s National Human Rights Commission. (...) He participated in the negotiations leading to the setting up the UN Democracy Fund, the UN Peacebuilding Commission and the UN Human Rights Council.

TheTefoTe， 廿钰e task of developing nofms and Standafds fof What Will eventually lead to the fofmulation of 2】 Clfaft declafation of tl^le Tight of Peoples and individuals to intefnational S0lidaTity， calls fof dialogue With StateS， United Nations and othef intefnational agencieS， and as Inany Stakeholdefs as Possible_ GeneTa1 Assembly Tesolutlon 55/2 (WWW麒un,ofg/mllle血lum/declaIat1on/aIesS52e,htm〕， KsThe Intematlonal Solldarlty麒 The Rlght to Development and 出B Agents of Changelv麒 Human Rlghts Councll panel Dn 【sT1柱邂覆 way FDIWaId ln 出B Reallzatlon of 出B Rlght to Development Between Pollcy and Practlcelv麒 seventh plenary T口邂三邂三t1ng麒 elghteen出 sesslon of 出B Human Rlghts Councll麒 14 SeptembeI 201 1麒 avallable at http //WWW,DhchI,Drg/EN/Issues/SolldaI1ty厂Pages/StatementS,aSpX, GE I宝一IISZS 置邂 A/王工RC/23/45/Add. 1 II. 5. (...) ty ls avallable at http //Www,dlplom atle,gouv,fr/en/IMG/pdf烟eclaratlDn一d邂三一N邂三W一YDIk一SuI一1一act1Dn一cDnLre一1a一falm 一邂冒t一1a」)2丨]~】孓/I邂冒弋L邂三一Z0一s【三1)弋L邂三TrIbI邂覆一Z004,pdf, 1膏邂 A/王工RC/23/45/Add. 1 14 Z4 ZS Z5 Z7 including AlgeTia， Angola， Cape VeIde， CaIneToon， (蔓h乏蚤n丑】， Guinea一BiSSau， M0ZaInbique， Sao Tome and PTinciPe， Senegal， the United Republic of Tanzania and Tunisia Z4 An office of the Bfazilian Agficult肛al Reseafch En旎Ipfise (EmbTaPa) Was established in AccTa， Ghana With 乏蚤 View to Suppo苋ing the technological and Pfoductive impfovement of Sava血ah agIicultuIe in Affica_ 55_ In L暑】tiJ^l Alnefica and Cafibbean Tegion， Bfazilian expefiences in agTicultuIe afe Pfoviding examples fof Inany initiatives undef implementation 酊 the Iegional and bilatefal coopefation undef I\丕ERC〇SUR， UNASUR and CELAC Tegional integfation PI0ceSSeS， in afeas Such as family fanning and tfansfef of techn0l0gy， among othefs_ The Hungef一Ffee Latin Amefica and the Cafibbean Initiative CITBWS ffom the Bfazilian expefience and is 乏蚤 commitment by the countries and ofganizations of the Iegion， With SuppoIt ffom FA〇， to contfibute actively in cfeating the conditions that Will lead to the efadication of hungef Pennanently by 2025.25 56_ Bfazil has also engaged in n岫efous agficult肛al coopefation pfojects in othef CleVel0PiJ〕g countfies in Paftnefship With donof countfies. (...) AgTicultuIe Iemains lafgely the key Sectof fof Social一economic development in the countfy employing 80 Pefcent of 出C labo肛 fofce.Z5 The EU一Bfazil Strategic PaTtneTSh_ip， Set up in 2008) Stafted to explofe oppo苋unities fof tfiangulaf coopefation Wi出 developing countfies in the field of agIicultuIe， th工ough pfomotion of i皿ovation leading to 2】 Inofe efficient pfoduction Within Affican countfies_Z7 57_ In the United NationS， key agencies Such as FA〇， WFP and the Intefnational Fund fof Agficult肛al Development (IFAD) afe engaged in coopefation Pfojects and initiatives With BTazil， Which has become 2】 Inajof donof fof intefnational h岫anitafian coopefation in Latin AIneTica， fof example in the case of Haiti， Palestine and the countfies in the Hom of Affical In 2011) WFP and tl^le Govefnlnent of Bfazil launched 乏蚤 Centre of Excellence Against Hungef based in BTaSilia， Which Will assist countfies to iInPTOVe， expand and eventually run theif own national School Ineal Pfogfammes_ The example of Embrapa S8_ The Bfazilian Agficult肛al Reseafch Cofpofation (EmbTaPa) undef the Ministfy of AgIicultuIe， Livestock and Food SuPPly， has been one of the Inost iInP0Itant actofs in the field of the c0untTy，S tech丑ical coopefation in agTicult【JIe.