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Several countries of the ECE region experienced multiple lockdowns that included stay-at-home orders. Others had such lockdowns only once, during the first months of the pandemic. (...) In Croatia the first nationwide lockdown was introduced from 8 March to 11 May 2020. (...) The first lockdown lasted slightly longer than two months, from mid-March to mid-May of 2020, and 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 1Q2020 2Q2020 3Q2020 4Q2020 1Q2021 2Q2021 3Q2021 P K M Lockdown 17.03-11.05.2020 Lockdown 30.10-15.12.2020 Lockdown 19.03-18.04.2021 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 P as se n ge rs Lockdown 12.03-18.05.2020 Lockdown 21.10-01.12.2020 Lockdown 24.12.2020-12.04.2021 ECE/TRANS/WP.6/2022/55 10 the passenger volume in the Dublin tram system was reduced during the second quarter of 2020 to 14 per cent of pre-pandemic levels.

A COLI is based on fixed preferences while consumer preferences have changed dramatically during the lockdown. Reservation prices will need to be estimated based on pre-lockdown data and pre-lockdown preferences and may not be suitable to estimate missing prices in the lockdown period. (...) (c) Information about imputation rates by product groups/sub-indices affected by the lockdown will be useful for users and can serve as a measure of the impact of the lockdown on the CPI. (...) If weights during the lockdown period are available or can be estimated, it may be possible to compile an analytical or experimental CPI reflecting the price development of the lockdown basket.

.: General 17 June 2020 English only A/HRC/44/NGO/15 2 Excessive use of force in enforcing COVID-19 lockdowns and impediments of access to justice Overview At the 44th Session of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC), the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) wishes to draw the Council’s attention to the human rights violations that have arisen and exacerbated due to the manner in which emergency measures, such as lockdowns, have been enforced in different Commonwealth countries to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The enforcement of lockdowns and emergency restrictions in many States have been punitive and authoritarian and imposed in an arbitrary manner that has undermined the rule of law and international human rights obligations. (...) Excessive use of force by police to enforce lockdowns Many States, with the view of limiting and containing transmission, have restricted freedom of movement domestically through lockdowns and curfews as well as by sealing their international borders.

The strict curfew and complete lockdown affected all shades of life, but women and children were the worst sufferers. Doctors predicted a rise in the number of cases presenting with stress and anxiety, as a consequence of complete lockdown and communication blockade. The lockdown prevented many from talking to their families or stepping out of home for fear that they will be unable to contact their families when out. (...) Regardless, of these reports, the present lockdown barred people accessing mental health care and other medical services.

E/CN.5/2023/NGO/38 22-26956 2/4 Statement Creating full and productive employment and decent work for all, particularly marginalised & vulnerable groups Effect of lockdown on market The lockdown during 2020 had a very disastrous effect, closing markets and shops, leading to food security crisis. (...) All workers interviewed post-lockdown said they would eventually return to cities once restrictions were eased. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) explains that the increase in agricultural jobs in 2021 was not due to an intentional urban to rural migration, but the result of migrant workers leaving cities due to the fear of new lockdowns. Post-lockdown policymaking Post-lockdown policymaking has especially been focused on improving access to the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and introducing new rural employment schemes, particularly for migrant workers, such as Garib Kalyan Rozgar Yojana.

The most extreme form of lockdown is that which is weaponised and carried out through systemic and relentless political repression. (...) Lockdowns for political and oppressive purposes is clearly in contravention of international humanitarian law and human rights law. (...) The Indian government imposed in the last summer of 2019 a complete lockdown of Indian Administered Jammu and Kashmir (IAJ&K).

Continuity of service during lockdown 1. Like so many other organisations, the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) of France and the ministerial Statistical Departments have had to adapt their working practices since mid-March. (...) However, the introduction of the lockdown has disrupted collection work in a number of areas. (...) What value should be placed on the criteria for unemployment as defined by the ILO (actively seeking employment and available to take up employment) in a lockdown situation? What value should be placed on price index weighting when entire swathes of consumption have decreased or disappeared altogether?

Coronavirus being highly contagious drifted people apart from each other and instead of sympathy, fear and hatred started filling the void created due to preventive measures like lockdown. Many countries even crossed the line for human rights violations by criminalising exposure to Covid-19 despite being aware of the fact that penalising transmission is a waste of time and resources, and it only heightens stigma and blame that comes in the way of response mechanism to deal with the crisis. (...) Surveillance and policing took a center stage during the lockdown with armed forces in many countries were tasked to impose the lockdowns so as to break the chain of transmission of the virus. It is worth noting that COVID instigated lockdowns have brought with them the most expansive police and military presence in many countries since the World War-II which also instilled a sense of fear.

.: General 5 September 2022 English only A/HRC/51/NGO/172 2 Human right and Draconian Lockdowns in China Recently, a video of Chinese shoppers attempting to escape an IKEA mall went viral despite the best efforts of the Chinese establishment, and the rapid removal of videos from social media platforms. (...) The initial COVID-19 lockdowns in China were widely accepted by the public, even when their implementation was often brutal. (...) Written statement* submitted by Victorious Youths Movement, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status Human right and Draconian Lockdowns in China

There are 7,701 new recoveries, increasing the total recoveries to 1,232,986.3 The government imposed a third hard lock-down for Metro Manila and nearby provinces known locally as enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) on 29 March 2021 until 30 April 2021, similar to the first hard lockdown in March 2020,4 following an alarming surge of cases, with the highest daily record of 15,280 on 3 April 2021.5 Infection rates rose steeply and swiftly by the end of the first quarter of 2021, due to the more contagious COVID-19 variants. (...) A/HRC/47/NI/1 3 GE.21-08249 June 2021, cases have been slowly trickling down in Metro Manila and adjacent towns, however, increased local transmission has shifted to the south of the Philippines.7 The Philippines has imposed quarantine restrictions with more than 25 million of its population, mostly in Metro Manila and adjacent provinces have remained under lockdown with differing levels of severity, rules and restrictions depending on infection rate per local government unit in the country, since 15 March 2020.8 There is a consistent reliance on lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus, with measures in the Philippines considered as one of the longest lockdowns in the world.9 The Commission recognizes that “the government’s position to restrict freedom of movement in the interest of public health and safety. (...) 3 August 2020, available at https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1316124/been-there-done-that-but-whats-difference-between-mecq-and- gcq (last accessed: 13 June 2021); Jim Gomez and Aaron Favila, Associated Press, "Philippines weighs extending lockdown as COVID cases top 1M," 27 April 2021, available at https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-southeast-asia-philippines-health-manila- 1ba0dd6a94aaee584786422cd49f79b8 (last accessed: 13 June 2021). 9 Aie Balagtas See, Time Magazine, "Rodrigo Duterte Is Using One of the World's Longest COVID-19 Lockdowns to Strengthen His Grip on the Philippines," 15 March 2021, available at https://time.com/5945616/covid-philippines-pandemic-lockdown/ (last accessed: 13 June 2021); Edson C.Guido, Journal of International Affairs, Columbia University, " How the Philippine Can Recover From One of the World's Longest Lockdowns, 16 May 2021, available at https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/online-articles/how-philippines-can-recover-one-world%E2%80%99s- longest-lockdowns (last accessed: 13 June 2021); Dan Olanday and Jennifer Rigby, The Telegraph, "Inside the world's longest and strictest coronavirus lockdown in the Philippines," 11 July 2020, available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/inside-worlds-longest- strictest-coronavirus-lockdown-philippines/ (last accessed: 13 June 2021). 10 Statement of CHR Spokesperson, Atty Jacqueline Ann de Guia, on the death of Darren Peñaredondo and the call for community service for quarantine violators, 7 April 2021, https://chr.gov.ph/statement-of-chr-spokesperson-atty-jacqueline-ann-de-guia-on-the-death-of-darren- penaredondo-and-the-call-for-community-service-for-quarantine-violators/ (last accessed: 13 June 2021). 11 Karl Hapal, “The Philippines’ COVID-19 Response: Securitising the Pandemic and Disciplining the Pasaway.”