VIEWS ON THE ELABORATION OF MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS :SUBMISSIONS FROM PARTIES
VIEWS ON THE ELABORATION OF MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS :SUBMISSIONS FROM PARTIES
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1953437.5
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/MISC.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
No solamente para propósitos
económicos,
también por
administración y
control, pero
tenemos pocas
transacciones con
ellas”
Empresas extranjeras
“Somos relacionadas por propósitos económicos y
estratégicos”
2008-2009 2010-2012 2013-2015
2008-2015
Principales Aspectos de Precios de Transferencia
Comparability Analysis
2008 - 2013 2014 - 2015
Main functions were
not according with
firm/sector reality
Companies “did not
had contracts”
Different market
segments in relation
with their comparables
Companies have
contracts or at least
they recognize they
have had in the past
Almost same market
segments in relation
with their comparables
Main functions are more
accurate with reality
5
Principales Aspectos de Precios de Transferencia
Selección de Metodos y
Ajustes de Capital
2008 - 2013 2014 - 2015
Precio
Comparable No
Controlado
Precio Comparable
No Controlado
Método del
Margen Neto
Transaccional
Principales Aspectos de Precios de Transferencia
Decisión de los Tribunales
2008 - 2013 2014 - 2015
La mayoría de las decisiones los
tribunales salen a favor de la
Administración Tributaria
6
Principales Aspectos de Precios de Transferencia
Cambios en el comportamiento
de los contribuyentes
2008 - 2013 2014 - 2015
Comportamiento No Cooperativo
(Reactivos)
Comportamiento Cooperativo
(Proactivo)
Curva de
Aprendizaje
Principales Aspectos de Precios de Transferencia
Carga de la
Prueba
Compañías Relacionadas
(2008-2010)
Selección del Método
(2011-2013)
Análisis de Comparabilidad
(2014 - ?)
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1951079.5
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https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-.../2015/08/2015TP_Ecuador_es.pdf
Fuente de datos: un
The Spanish "Iberdrola" and the American "AES" and "Constellation" have focused their operations in one country: in Guatemala, Iberdrola has a leader position in two segments (distribution and power marketer segments); in El Salvador, AES ownership of four distributors gives it the dominant position in distribution services, while in Panama, the Constellation distribution company is the second player in this market. (...) In El Salvador, the price of distributor's purchases is referenced to the spot or real time wholesale market. Regulator authorities must periodically review and approve electricity rates for each distribution company. (...) Distribution companies, as well as Large Consumers and power marketers (in El Salvador and Guatemala) have participated in the Wholesale Electricity Market. Distributors have carried out electricity purchases mainly in the forward contract market, and with exception of the Salvadorian agents, the spot market has been utilized only for circumstantial energy sales and purchases.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1933155
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https://www.cepal.org/es/publi...ucion-energia-electrica-paises
Fuente de datos: un
The Spanish "Iberdrola" and the American "AES" and "Constellation" have focused their operations in one country: in Guatemala, Iberdrola has a leader position in two segments (distribution and power marketer segments); in El Salvador, AES ownership of four distributors gives it the dominant position in distribution services, while in Panama, the Constellation distribution company is the second player in this market. (...) In El Salvador, the price of distributor's purchases is referenced to the spot or real time wholesale market. Regulator authorities must periodically review and approve electricity rates for each distribution company. (...) Distribution companies, as well as Large Consumers and power marketers (in El Salvador and Guatemala) have participated in the Wholesale Electricity Market. Distributors have carried out electricity purchases mainly in the forward contract market, and with exception of the Salvadorian agents, the spot market has been utilized only for circumstantial energy sales and purchases.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1933155
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https://www.cepal.org/fr/node/19595
Fuente de datos: un
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON THE QUESTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND EXTREME POVERTY, MAGDALENA SEPULVEDA CARMONA : ADDENDUM
While the independent expert welcomes the Government’s efforts to tackle unemployment
by addressing skills development and reinserting people into the labour market, she
reminds the Government that employment activation policies must be implemented from a
human rights approach.
54. (...) This is
particularly important when individuals are required to enter the job market in times of
recession and high unemployment. (...) Activation policies should be designed to increase the
participation of women in the labour market, while enabling them (in particular, single
mothers) to balance employment and parenting.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1629871.8
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/17/34/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
VISIT TO ZIMBABWE : REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD
The availability of food is predicated on the existence of sufficient food produced
from natural resources or for sale in the market to satisfy the needs of the population,
whether by cultivating land or by engaging in animal husbandry, fishing, hunting or any
other ways of obtaining food (A/HRC/34/48/Add.1, para. 24). (...) The Special
Rapporteur visited local supermarkets in Harare where she observed that while an ample
amount of diversified food was available on the market, high inflation rates and food prices
14 Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee, “2019 Urban Livelihood Assessment Report”,
Powerpoint presentation, 2019, p. 107. (...) Affordable basic
commodities should be available on the market for households with reasonable to low
incomes, in order to reduce the burden on social welfare.
59.
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Puntuación: 1588530.2
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...en&DS=A/HRC/43/44/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
.
• Elaborar un documento de información sobre los modelos de costos aplicados con fines de regulación por las administraciones para conocer y compartir experiencias relativas al establecimiento de tarifas o precios en los distintos segmentos del mercado de las telecomunicaciones.
Actividades: Las actividades que deberá desarrollar y describir el Grupo estarán referidas a las siguientes cuestiones:
1. (...) Terms of Reference
Common principles and basic guidelines regarding regulatory issues and information on cost models applied by TAL Group Administrations
Objectives:
• To facilitate the study and sharing of information in order to put together a document containing common principles and basic guidelines in the region regarding regulatory issues.
• To prepare an informative document on the cost models applicable by the region’s administrations with regulatory purposes with a view to learning and sharing experience relative to tariff or price setting in the different telecommunication market segments.
Tasks: The tasks to be undertaken and described by the Group concern the following matters:
1.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1506552.3
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https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/fina...-aires-05/rapport-final-es.pdf
Fuente de datos: un
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DEBT AND OTHER RELATED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS OF STATES ON THE FULL ENJOYMENT OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, PARTICULARLY ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, CEPHAS LUMINA : ADDENDUM
He further encourages the Government to
consider establishing mechanisms that would ensure transparent public consultation and the
free and informed participation of all segments of society, particularly ethnic minorities and
the poorest, in the decision-making relating to and monitoring of public finances.
31. (...) The slow recovery of the world economy may undercut growth prospects through
reduced or disrupted global trade and knock-on effects (e.g. trade protection barriers) on
Vietnamese exports, an important contributor to the country’s growth.38 GDP growth is
likely to slow over the medium term as a result of the financial market turmoil and
recessionary conditions in Europe and the United States, the country’s largest export
markets.
41. (...) Since 1986, the Government has pursued a policy of Doi Moi (economic renewal),
which laid the foundations for a market-driven economy. The country has since
experienced rapid economic growth, as well as improved economic opportunities and
incentives, permitting household incomes to grow along with increased household
consumption and savings.
46.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1469369.3
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...en&DS=A/HRC/20/23/ADD.1&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DEBT AND OTHER RELATED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS OF STATES ON THE FULL ENJOYMENT OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, PARTICULARLY ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS ON HIS MISSION TO TUNISIA : NOTE / BY THE SECRETARIAT
Shrinking the public sector may increase
unemployment and further entrench discriminatory patterns in the Tunisian labour market,
as a reduction of jobs in the public sector will disproportionally affect women working in
public administration, education and health services. (...) The Independent Expert would also like to express his caution about potential labour
market reforms. As underlined in a recent report, there is no empirical evidence that
14 Observatoire Tunisien de l’Economie, “Public debt: will Tunisia overcome the ‘Wall of Debt’?”
(...) A/HRC/37/54/Add.1
8 GE.18-03585
austerity-related labour market reforms, such as facilitating the lay-off of workers or
freezing or reducing wages, have resulted in increased economic growth, employment, or a
better situation for workers.19
B.
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Puntuación: 1438966.3
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https://daccess-ods.un.org/acc...en&DS=A/HRC/37/54/ADD.1&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHT TO FOOD, OLIVIER DE SCHUTTER : ADDENDUM
First, they must increase market access for agricultural products. All
quantitative restrictions or other non-tariff measures except those justified by health and safety
reasons should be replaced by tariffs (art. 4.2), which the members are subsequently bound to
reduce (art. 4.1). (...) In the Ministerial Doha Declaration of 14 November 2001, WTO members committed
themselves to comprehensive negotiations aimed at: substantial improvements in market access;
reductions of, with a view to phasing out, all forms of export subsidies; and substantial
reductions in trade-distorting domestic support. (...) That dependency is
further increased by the fact that, in order to comply with the standards of global retailers,
farmers wishing to be included in global supply chains must use external inputs, including
improved varieties of seeds, often supplied by companies which occupy an oligopolistic position
on the market. As a result, the farming sector is increasingly divided between one segment which
has access to high-value markets and therefore, to the best technologies, inputs, credit, public
support and political influence, and another segment which is left to serve only the low-value,
domestic markets, and is comparatively neglected and marginalized, particularly as new tastes
are introduced through international trade which they cannot satisfy.
26.
Idioma:Español
Puntuación: 1433319.1
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daccess-ods.un.org/acce...pen&DS=A/HRC/10/5/ADD.2&Lang=S
Fuente de datos: ods
