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The by-laws to the 1999 Total National Budget Law provide for financial and saving facilities for both mass and individual constructors in order to enhance the performance of the national housing market. The by-laws also provide for the setting up of banking facilities for the purchase of housing units by the general public, with special attention to certain groups, such as the families of the martyrs of war. 21. (...) Similarly, access to housing saving accounts requires initial resource deposits normally out of range for the poorer segments of society. Due to the fact that large parts of the population cannot afford down payments, initial deposits and loan instalments, such programmes end up benefiting only the middle and upper-middle sectors of Iranian society. (...) The expropriations are considered a form of land confiscation by the affected population, particularly since prices paid in return for land are considerably lower than market values. Property confiscation 44. According to information provided by the World Bank,4 more than 30 per cent of Iran’s land is under public ownership.

In an increasingly digitalized and globalized economy, it is essential to ensure an equitable distribution of revenues among market jurisdictions in which economic activity occurs, often within developing countries. (...) The ability to conduct business remotely without being subject to tax on income generated from such activities in market jurisdictions is one of the most significant challenges currently faced by the tax world, with important implications for sustainable development. (...) In the past, business models involved moving from centralized to more decentralized structures, with business functions and segments being situated in different jurisdictions.

Thus, in the present section he shares observations on the situations of women, Swiss labour market for adults”, presentation, 30 September 2019; and Commercial-Industrial Education Centre Zug, presentation on a training programme for kitchen employees. 22 See Centre de Formation Professionnelle Biel-Bienne, presentation of 26 September 2019, slide 9. 23 Ibid., slides 11–16. (...) They deal primarily with issues such as violence against women, equality in the labour market and in education, reconciling work and private life, and the integration of immigrant women, advising individuals as well as acting at the policy level. (...) One of the obstacles to women’s equal participation in the labour market is the lack of sufficient early childhood care and its substantial cost.

In addition, the establishment of city councils in states and metropolitan areas, with the effective participation of diverse segments of society, ensures that issues related to gender, race and ethnicity are addressed and incorporated into urban and housing policies. (...) At the MTST-occupied Água Fria site in Recife, 160 families have been occupying land formerly used for an open market belonging to the Recife City Council. For nearly two years the families have been living in the remains of abandoned market shacks and in homes constructed of waste material, without access to water, sewage or drainage.

If they cannot access some of the credit-based subsidies, which even if provided at lower interest rates than the market rate (6.5 per cent as opposed to 10 per cent average at market level), the scheme may at times prove financially inaccessible. (...) To help stimulate the real estate market, protect home buyers and provide greater transparency and stability within the housing market, India passed the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016. (...) The Act also limits the amount of cash that can be used to purchase property, requiring cheques for the bulk of payments, allegedly to prevent black market purchases and unregistered foreign investment.

In 1990 Namibia emerged as an independent country, inheriting as legacies of colonial rule huge disparities in income, land distribution, participation in the labour market and access to services. Since independence, Namibia has enjoyed political stability and steady economic growth, achieving the status of a middle-income country. 5. (...) While health user fees are seemingly low (between 4-8 Namibia dollars), for the poorest segments of the population the payment of even the smallest user fee poses an insurmountable barrier to accessing health-care services, especially as this cost comes on top of transportation and other indirect costs that they have to bear to reach health centres. (...) Given the regressive nature of the user fee system, abolishing it may be a direct way to increase access to health services for the most disadvantaged segments of society and to diminish the existing inequalities in health service provision. 64.

The personal mobile communications market worldwide has grown to 50 million subscribers in 1995 from its inception in 1986. (...) Those new financially sound customers will be able to buy all the state-of the-art electronic devices available on the market as well as the value-added telecommunications services. 9. (...) A new satellite industry based on drastic progress in computer and microchip technology is currently emerging in response to this consumer market demand. The total communications satellite market will account for some 67.5 percent of the space missions planned for the next 10 year and the market for communications satellites for the same period has been estimated in the range of US$ 8 billion to US$ 15 billion. 36.

Proposal for new land reform and transition to a private market system 37. Maldives passed its new Land Act and Regulations in 2002 and there were major amendments to both in 2004. (...) As the root causes of the financial crisis show, land privatization in Maldives may not be feasible; rather, it may be better to reform the current system in order to increase availability and access to adequate housing. A private market would certainly increase the number of certain types of dwelling, attract foreign investors and create a real estate market. (...) The Maldives’ housing market is characterized by growing inflation as a result of increasing demand and a surge in the price of construction materials.

GE.19-03298 (S) 030419 040419  Conferencia de las Partes Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 24º período de sesiones, celebrado en Katowice

IV), la protección de los segmentos más pobres de la población (cap. V), el acceso a dietas adecuadas y la creciente incidencia de casos de sobrepeso y obesidad (cap. (...) Orderly marketing has helped ensure that a fair amount of market power remains in the hands of farmers, ensuring the viability of a number of food sectors. (...) Canada seeks to promote labour market participation as a long-term strategy to overcome poverty.