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− Appreciates also that the Report contains mention of the beginning or consolidation of processes whose results are designed to provide a final solution to situations that adversely affect the exercise of the human rights of Colombians, accepting the need to redouble efforts already made in order to overcome the difficulties which still remain (...) The human rights situation Civil and political rights As shown below, the principal indicators on violations of the fundamental rights of Colombians continue (with certain exceptions mentioned in the report) to show a favourable trend: The human rights situation, results of operations of the forces of law and order Comparative January-December 2005 and 2006 2005 2006 Variation in the period Murders 18 111 17 479 -3% Victims of massacres 252 193 -23% Cases of massacres 48 37 -23% Murders of (former) mayors 6 5 -17% Murders of Councillors 26 23 -12% Murders of members of indigenous groups 49 44 -10% Murders of unions leaders 14 25 79% Murders of unionized teachers 26 33 27% Murders of non-unionized teachers 17 20 18% Murders of journalists 2 3 50% Kidnap 800 687 -14% Forced displacement 216 409 172 722 -20% Events with mines* 1 726 1 964 14% Civilians wounded by mines* 261 252 -3% Civilians killed by mines* 78 59 -24% Soldiers wounded by mines* 560 617 10% Soldiers killed by mines* 201 170 -15% Attacks on villages 5 4 -20% Attacks on communications towers 4 3 -25% Attacks on transmission towers 226 241 7% Attacks on oil infrastructure 155 106 -32% Attacks on bridges 16 12 -25% Attacks on highways 79 180 128% Attacks on water supplies - 2 100% Acts of terrorism 611 646 6% Paramilitaries demobilised 1 096 494 -55% Guerrillas demobilised 1 468 1 966 34% Paramilitaries killed in combat by the forces of law and order 322 198 -39% Paramilitaries captured 2 967 131 -62% Guerrillas killed in combat 1 870 2 165 16% Guerrillas captured by the forces of law and order 5 126 4 940 -4% A/HRC/4/G/11 page 7 Economic, social and cultural rights CONPES Social Document 102 of September 2006 created the Network for Overcoming Extreme Poverty (JUNTOS), as a basic strategy to prevent and overcome extreme poverty.

Following the attacks mentioned above, upon the proposal of the Turkish Cypriot side, a bi-communal Technical Committee on Education was established by the two Leaders in order to review current education systems and to research how education can counter prejudice and discrimination. (...) The Committee, which has the full support from the Turkish Cypriot side, through its activities, is expected to further ease relations between the two communities and contribute towards efforts to find a comprehensive solution to the long overdue Cyprus issue. Finally, I would like to underline that none of the UN Security Council resolutions and/or reports refer to an “occupation” or “occupied areas” in Cyprus.

In some instances, information and education may not be sufficient. A solution must then be found by means of legal regulations, possibly based on some form of international instrument. As mentioned above, UNCI~ would appear to be tbe appropriate body for this latter task • 72. huent administrative law or practice may also be a hindrance to the establishment of paperless procedures (cf. (...) The CCC has a central position in this area and, as mentioned earlier, bas already done important work to establisb international legal standards for automated Customs procedures.

In this regard, she has notably stressed her conviction that regional and sub-regional mechanisms “play a key role in providing a response that is both multilateral and sufficiently close to countries’ realities and the specificities within a certain region” (A/HRC/14/32, para. 2). In her above- mentioned report to the Human Rights Council, she noted an extraordinary number of encouraging and innovative anti-trafficking initiatives taken by regional mechanisms, as well as a number of areas of concern requiring attention. 5. (...) In the area of prevention, the participants agreed that continued efforts were needed to clarify definitions and terminology used in the area of trafficking, both among States and within society at large. Examples were mentioned of failures by State agents to react appropriately to trafficking cases owing to a lack of such understanding, and corresponding failures among members of civil society to exercise necessary vigilance owing to a lack of understanding or acknowledgement of the risks associated with trafficking. (...) The practice among several regional mechanisms of continually integrating research findings into prevention programmes with a view to formulating more appropriate, nuanced and targeted prevention messages was mentioned as another potentially effective strategy. 20.

Having experienced an atrocious war, many citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina mentioned that they related to the plight of migrants. (...) At the time of the visit of the Special Rapporteur, the Coordination Body for Migration had not yet adopted a comprehensive strategy for providing a durable solution to the current migration situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. (...) The Special Rapporteur expressed his concerns regarding the above-mentioned obstacles faced by asylum seekers in the country.

Item 4 contains the accord “Solution to the problem of illicit drugs”. Peacebuilding requires a definitive solution to the illicit drugs problem, which includes crops grown for illegal use and the production and sale of illicit drug s. (...) S/2017/272 15/278 17-06469 (C) In addition to the measures mentioned under this section and those referred to under section 1.1.1 on access to land, the national Government will establish, within the context of the programmes to stimulate agricultural production set out under section 1.3.3, measures to support income generation, poverty eradication and promotion of the solidarity-based and cooperative economy in the case of campesinos occupying land classified as a smallholding or microholding (mini - or microfundio). 1.1.5 Large-scale registration of small and medium plots With a view to legalizing and protecting rights pertaining to small and medium-sized rural properties, in other words, guaranteeing the rights of the legitimate owners and holders of the land, so that violence is never again used as a method of resolving land disputes and as a safeguard against dispossession of any type, the Government will gradually register all land occupied or held by the campesino population in Colombia, subject to constitutional and legal prov isions. (...) As there are currently various situations that impair legal certainty over land tenure or ownership in Colombia, and a solution needs to be found that takes account of realities in the country, without prejudice to the rules on land access, the Government will form a group of three experts on land issues, who will be given up to three months to make recommendations for regulatory and public policy reforms that make it possible, within a short time frame and as soon as possible, to: • regularize the property rights of bona fide owners, occupants and tenants, provided there is no dispossession or bad faith • guarantee the property’s social and ecological function • facilitate access for men and women workers with insufficient or no land • promote productive land use __________________ 2 The term “family agricultural unit” is used as defined in article 38 of Act No. 160 of 1994.

A concerted and coordinated approach among the international community and national authorities, that would address the housing needs of all IDPs, as well as access to livelihoods and income-generating activities, would go a long way in improving the living conditions of many IDPs and, for some, in finding a durable solution. V. FINDING DURABLE SOLUTIONS A. General remarks 34. (...) Moreover, authorities have an affirmative obligation to facilitate the integration of IDPs into the social, cultural and economic life of the community, regardless of the solution chosen. 36. Substantive conditions necessary to sustain any durable solution include: (i) physical security, (ii) full protection of the law, specifically non-discrimination on the basis of prior displacement; access to national and local protection mechanisms including police and courts; restored access to personal documentation; and access to property restitution or compensation mechanisms; (iii) matters affecting the ability of IDPs to (re)integrate economically, socially and A/HRC/8/6/Add.4 page 13 culturally, including access to shelter, livelihoods, and basic services. (...) At the time of the Representative’s visit, UNHCR had quick impact projects for livelihoods, as well as UNDP and FAO, and the 180-day plan for the East mentioned the need to prioritize agriculture and fishing, but this cannot begin to have the needed reach.

In 2006, estimates in five departments alone placed the number of IDPs at over 700,000 persons.10 This number fluctuated over the next several years, but fresh displacement reached a peak in March 2011 after the post-election violence, which provoked the internal displacement of over 800,000 persons – a figure compounded by the significant number of IDPs displaced by the previous years of fighting who had not yet found a durable solution. 17. In the past, as in the most recent crisis, the vast majority of IDPs have been housed with host families and communities. (...) By the time of the visit by this mandate, no IDP camps remained in the country, and internal displacement figures (from the post-election violence) had decreased to an estimated 81,000 persons.11 However, the Special Rapporteur found that this was not accompanied by solid durable solution strategies. 9 Ibid., para. 99. 10 A/HRC/4/38/Add.2, para. 12. 11 OCHA, Bulletin Humanitaire, p. 1. (...) He also met internally displaced families who had moved there during earlier crises, some dating back to 2002, who had never been able to move from the informal settlement and find a better solution. 44. With regard to evictions related to hazard areas, the Government confirmed that it has been trying to take measures to vacate informal settlements considered at risk, including through awareness-raising and the establishment of a fund to facilitate the search for new dwellings.22 Concerns have been expressed however, that the funds available for these purposes are limited and will not be able to provide for more solid housing for many.

The SRSG explained in his opening remarks that he saw no “single silver bullet” solution to the many issues raised in his mandate, including States’ roles. (...) Several participants mentioned that legislation could be used to help pierce the corporate veil considering that State judiciaries often seem unwilling to take innovative steps in this regard. 60. (...) Turning to international policy coherence, one participant mentioned the challenge of gathering systematic information about corporate activities, as well as differences in national priorities in how to respond collectively.

Countries such as France and Canada have established legal provisions aimed at ensuring transparency as to the functioning of algorithmic processes deployed by public bodies, while others have established guidance and criteria around transparency in relation to procurement.11 In a report on Artificial Intelligence and Privacy, and Children’s Privacy, authored by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy, the Rapporteur outlined “[a]s the processing of personal data of individuals always intrudes on the rights of the data subject, the data processing underlying an AI solution must have a sound ethical and legal basis.”12 This is also supported by the Article 22(1) of UK GDPR regulations, which states: the data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly affects him or her.13 Further concerns have been raised regarding how the data used in these systems may refer to protected characteristics, both directly or via proxies. (...) While other authorities stated they would monitor for overrepresentation of protected groups in RBV model, “[i]n light of the Covid 19 pandemic, the DWP had suspended the need to review the policy by local authorities.”18 RBV is often not mentioned in privacy notices for either housing benefits or council tax by public authorities, or, as in the case of Colchester Borough Council, it only includes the provider’s name. 19 Due to the complexity of the automated processes and the proprietary nature of the mechanisms, it is unclear whether they are in the position to offer more information to the public.