This document sets out the proposed structure of the programme on managing
methane emissions in extractive industries and also includes a draft survey that has been
1 Note that the terms of natural gas and gas will be used interchangeably throughout the document.
(...) The programme for methane management in extractive industries will address
emissions from the coal, natural gas and oil sectors. (...) ECE/ENERGY/2016/2
4
Annex
Methane Management in Extractive Industries – Draft Survey
Note by the Secretariat
The objective of this survey is to provide an initial snapshot of how methane emissions in
extractive industries are monitored, measured, recorded, and reported.
Language:English
Score: 1205930.7
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https://unece.org/DAM/energy/i...M/CMM_CE/ECE.ENERGY.2016.2.pdf
Data Source: un
Resources are finite and depleting
However, the net effects of supply and demand changes are intertemporal because natural resource extraction depletes a finite resource. (...) The long-run payoff to cartel power is low or negative, although short-run use of market power can bring temporary efficiency losses.
Extraction is dependent on discovery
Natural resources must be discovered before they can be sold, the incentive for discovery being a share in the rights of extraction. (...) Processes for selling extraction rights are potentially appropriate for regulation by the WTO.
Language:English
Score: 1204283.7
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https://www.wto.org/english/re...e/wtr10_collier_venables_e.htm
Data Source: un
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The EU-UN Partnership on Land, Natural Resources and Conflict Prevention
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The challenges associated with preventing, managing and resolving natural resource-induced conflicts may well come to define global peace and security in the 21st century. (...) The EU-UN partnership has developed a number of practical guidance notes and training material on land and conflict, extractives and conflict, renewable resources and conflict, capacity building for natural resource management and conflict prevention in resource rich economies. (...) The on-line training programme begins with a global overview to enhance understanding of the link between natural resources and conflict. The second module focuses specifically on land and conflict, while the third and the fourth relates to extractives and renewable resources and conflict respectively.
Language:English
Score: 1203705.7
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https://www.un.org/en/land-nat...resources-conflict/index.shtml
Data Source: un
The Working Group is concerned at the lack of a clear, precise and legally defined role for each security actor operating in the extractive industry. This further raises concerns about the conduct of security providers, including PMSCs, and their involvement in alleged human rights violations and abuses committed in the context of natural resource exploitation. (...) The Working Group concludes the report with recommendations to assist States, the extractive industry, private military and security companies and other stakeholders to strengthen human rights protections in the delivery of security in the extractive sector. (...) It also calls upon States, extractive companies and private military and security companies to be more transparent with regard to security arrangements and responses to allegations of abuses.
Language:English
Score: 1199507.1
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https://www.ohchr.org/en/docum...ilitary-and-security-companies
Data Source: un
The use of PMSCs in extractive industries and human rights concerns
In the context of development, globalization and transnational business, extractive industries pose
particular challenges in countries where they operate. (...) Due to the nature of the industries,
transnational extractive companies and their private military or security forces are generally from more
developed countries, whereas the abuses and harassments often occur abroad, in countries with
institutions lacking the capacity to address these abuses. (...) What are the functions of PMSCs involved in extractive industries? What types of services are
provided by PMSCs in the extractive industry context?
Language:English
Score: 1196516.8
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https://www.ohchr.org/sites/de...ConsultationPMSC20July0217.pdf
Data Source: un
Resources are finite and depleting
However, the net effects of supply and demand changes are intertemporal because natural resource extraction depletes a finite resource. (...) The long-run payoff to cartel power is low or negative, although short-run use of market power can bring temporary efficiency losses.
Extraction is dependent on discovery
Natural resources must be discovered before they can be sold, the incentive for discovery being a share in the rights of extraction. (...) Processes for selling extraction rights are potentially appropriate for regulation by the WTO.
Language:English
Score: 1195892.6
-
https://www.wto.org/spanish/re...s/wtr10_collier_venables_s.htm
Data Source: un
Resources are finite and depleting
However, the net effects of supply and demand changes are intertemporal because natural resource extraction depletes a finite resource. (...) The long-run payoff to cartel power is low or negative, although short-run use of market power can bring temporary efficiency losses.
Extraction is dependent on discovery
Natural resources must be discovered before they can be sold, the incentive for discovery being a share in the rights of extraction. (...) Processes for selling extraction rights are potentially appropriate for regulation by the WTO.
Language:English
Score: 1195892.6
-
https://www.wto.org/french/res...f/wtr10_collier_venables_f.htm
Data Source: un
It is the poor population living in rural or remote areas that is directly or indirectly affected by extractive industry projects.
The marginalization of this segment of the society and persistent economic
inequality in spite of increasing natural resource revenues and economic growth is at the root of most conflicts related to extractive industries. (...) Past unresolved or traumatic conflicts in relation to extractive industries
contribute to building a negative perception of natural resource developments that makes it harder to try to find solutions. (...) A brief explanation of these three key governance problems follows:
a) Lack of local capacity: For the first time in the history of Peru there is an institutionalized fiscal decentralization policy that is actually effective in transferring funds from natural resource extraction to the local governments.
Language:English
Score: 1195104
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https://www.un.org/es/land-nat...rtnership%20october%202010.pdf
Data Source: un
Microsoft Word - CTA ANNATTO EXTRACTS Final.doc
Annatto extracts (CTA) 2006 - Page 1(21)
ANNATTO EXTRACTS
Chemical and Technical Assessment
First draft prepared by James Smith, Ph.D. (...) The following four products were investigated: annatto extract (solvent-extracted bixin) [B], annatto extract (aqueous-processed bixin) [E], annatto extract (alkali-processed norbixin, not acid- precipitated) [G], and annatto extract (alkali-processed norbixin) [F]. (...) Some present applications of the water soluble annatto colour include sausage casing, sausages, puddings, tomato sauce, breakfast cereals, butter milk desserts, chocolate fillings, smoked fish and pet food.
Annatto extracts (CTA) 2006 - Page 18(21)
The basic nature of annatto extracts makes it suitable in products where the pigment is absorbed by protein and/or starch.
Language:English
Score: 1194979.8
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https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/...s/pdf/jecfa/cta/67/annatto.pdf
Data Source: un
The pulp is subsequently extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The final extract consists of tomato oil in which lycopene together with a number of other constituents that occur naturally in tomato, are dissolved and dispersed. (...) This Chemical and Technical Assessment is partly based on data and information submitted by LycoRed Natural Products Industries Ltd1.
2. Introduction
The major colouring principle of lycopene extract from tomato is all-trans-lycopene. (...) The lycopene content of tomato extract ranges from 5% to 15%, depending on the nature of the fruit from which it was extracted, and the amount of tomato seed oil that is included in the extract.
Language:English
Score: 1194967.6
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https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/...copene_extract_from_tomato.pdf
Data Source: un
