ITU, Geneve, January 23 2007
Technology and service neutrality (2)
• Technology neutrality: any available technology to date can be employed to provide a certain service in the used frequency band
• Service neutrality extends this concept, stating that any service can be offered in the frequency band of interest.
ITU, Geneve, January 23 2007
Service neutrality means system architecture neutrality?
• A true “service neutrality” requires to preliminarly solve technical problems related to different network architectures and duplexing approaches. • mesh network vs point -multipoint network • TDD vs FDD.
• To refine compatibility criteria since those adopted so far seem to be no longer adequate in a service neutral environment. • Block Edge Mask, EIRP limitations.
(...) Technology and service neutrality:a deeper insight
Technology and service neutrality
Technology and service neutrality (2)
Service neutrality meanssystem architecture neutrality?
Language:English
Score: 1444234.1
-
https://www.itu.int/osg/spu/st...ay_2_Final/frullone_geneve.pdf
Data Source: un
Characteristics of Land Relations in Transition Countries CEE Countries
Potential Private Ownership
Privatisation Strategy Allocation Strategy
Transferability
Poland
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Hungary
Albania
Romania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
All land
Sale of state owned land
Restitution
Restitution
Restitution+distribution
Distribution
Restitution+distribution
Restitution
Restitution
Restitution
Restitution
None
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Plots
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
Buy-sell, leasing
CIS Countries Russian Federation
Ukraine
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
All land
All land
HH plots only
HH plots
only
Legally unsolved
Distribution
Distribution
None
None
Legally unsolved
Shares
Shares
None
Shares
Shares
Leasing, buy/selling dubious
Leasing, buy/selling dubious
Use rights non- transferable, sell of HH plots dubious
Use rights transferable, sell of HH plots dubious
Use rights transferable
4
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Armenia Georgia Azerbaijan Moldova
None
All land
None
All land All land All land All land
None
None
None
Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution
Intra-farm lease
Intra-farm lease
Shares
Plots Plots Plots Plots
Use rights non- transferable
Use rights non- transferable Use rights
transferable Buy-sell, leasing Buy-sell, leasing Buy-sell, leasing Buy-sell, leasing
Source: Csaki, Lerman, Sotnikov, 2000 and Sedik, 2001
In practice, the allocation of land shares, rather than physical plots, in many CIS countries has not been successful in establishing robust and secure tenure rights, however, in avoiding pre-mature land fragmentation. (...) All laws dealing with these issues have negative or neutral influence for stimulating land fragmentation. (...) The influence of the existing legislation framework on land consolidation in Bulgaria
Laws/Regulations Impact on Land
Consolidation Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria Neutral LOUAL & Regulations of its implementation Negative Inheritance Law Negative Land Leasing Law Neutral Cooperative Law Neutral State and Municipal Ownership Law Negative Cadastre and Property Register Law Neutral Regulation on the terms and conditions for establishing the current market prices of agricultural land
Negative
Ordinance for Land Settlement of the Indigent and Landless Population
Negative
Source: FAO 2002
6
Thus, legal coherence is not attended to or not obtained regardless of numerous efforts in the less favourable CEE countries.
Language:English
Score: 1360537.1
-
https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/...NET/2002/GTZ_graefen_paper.pdf
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1346169.9
-
https://unece.org/media/press/370732
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1346169.9
-
https://unece.org/media/Sustainable-Development/press/370732
Data Source: un
Under the Educate A Child (EAC) programme and through UNICEF, the foundation is funding a gender-neutral cash transfer programme that targets both boys and girls in Kebbi and Zamfara States.
(...) Hadiza is happy that in addition to keeping three of her children in school, the cash transfer programme is empowering her financially. After buying uniforms, books and sandals for her children, she invests whatever is left of the funds in a groundnut oil-producing business. (...) “I no longer badger my husband for money for every little thing I want to buy. This makes him happy every day and our romantic relationship has improved tremendously,” she said with a straight face to the translator, trying hard not to smile.
Language:English
Score: 1344934.6
-
https://www.unicef.org/wca/sto...ers-help-children-enrol-school
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1343427.1
-
https://unece.org/climate-chan...energy-crisis-according-new-un
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1329570.6
-
https://unece.org/media/sustai...source-Management/press/370732
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1329570.6
-
https://unece.org/media/Sustainable-Energy/press/370732
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1329570.6
-
https://unece.org/media/sustai...Energy-Efficiency/press/370732
Data Source: un
Governments must embrace policy frameworks in support of carbon neutrality and create a level-playing field to finance a just transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems”.
(...) These actions will support buy-in and adoption from all stakeholders to build secure, affordable, and carbon-neutral energy systems.
(...) The publication forms part of the UNECE Carbon Neutrality Toolkit . Countries are invited to put into practice the UNECE Carbon Neutrality toolkit when developing resilient energy systems.
Language:English
Score: 1329570.6
-
https://unece.org/media/sustai...ethane-Management/press/370732
Data Source: un
