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Fourth, inorganic fertilizers may be masking soil nutrient depletion, rather than correcting it. The continued loss of soil micronutrients puts into question the possibility of maintaining yield levels over the long term.

联 合 国 A/HRC/31/57/Add.4 大 会 Distr.: General 29 January 2016 Chinese Original: English GE.16-01204 (C) 020216 080216 *1601204* 人权理事会

Interventions in the oceans • Ocean fertilization: fertilising the ocean with for example iron or nutrients to increase growth of phytoplankton and algae, which would absorb and draw down atmospheric CO2, acting as a carbon sink • Artificial upwelling: pumping up cooler, nutrient-rich water from the sea depths to the surface to stimulate phytoplankton growth and carbon sink potential • Enhanced marine weathering: adding carbonate minerals to ocean waters on a large scale to increase their alkalinity and carbon sequestration • Sea foam enhancing: pumping chemical foaming agents or tiny microbubbles into the oceans to increase ocean surface reflectivity by thickening natural sea foams • Ocean sequestration of crop residues: sinking biomass, such as crop waste, into the ocean, where it remains on the seabed, its carbon content sequestered • Engineering oceanic heat flows: downwelling ocean currents, thereby carrying carbon to the ocean depths, to increase their carbon concentration or volume B.

15 见 https://www.asean-agrifood.org/download/asean-guidelines-on-soil-and-nutrient-management- final-draft/?wpdmdl=10618&refresh=5d35c7e0efaa21563805664。

Smaling, EMA, JJ Stoorvogel and PN Windmeijer. 1993. Calculating soil nutrient balances in Africa at different scales. SSSA Special Publication no.51.

On the other hand, economically better-off families consume well over the recommended nutrient intake. E/CN.4/2005/47/Add.2 page 9 13.

Rationale: Some areas of the ocean support high production relative to surrounding areas due to patterns of light availability and nutrient transport, or through the natural aggregation or enhanced concentration of prey.

39 Martin Medina, “Low-tech option for wastewater treatment, water reuse and nutrient recycling”，Biocycle International（2000 年 10 月）。

Baanante, “Agricultural production and soil nutrient mining in Africa. Implications for resource conservation and policy development”， summary paper, International Centre for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development, Alabama, USA, 2006。

98 www.wfp.org/publications/2017-fill-nutrient-gap。 99 www.unscn.org/uploads/web/news/document/NCDs-brief-ZH-18092018.pdf。