MONETARY UNIONS AND REGIONAL TRADE IN AFRICA : NOTE / BY THE UNCTAD SECRETARIAT
Главный плюс таких союзов заключается в том, что
они позволяют снизить транзакционные расходы, а главный минус – в том, что
4
RA Mundell, 1961, A theory of optimum currency areas, American Economic Review,
51:657–665.
(...) Хотя использованная Роузом методология и вызывает критику некоторых
экономистов, позитивное влияние валютных союзов на торговлю подтвержда-
ется и в других эмпирических исследованиях, основанных на иных методоло-
гиях10, 11, 12, 13.
5
PB Kenen, 1969, The optimum currency area: An eclectic view, in: RA Mundell and AK
Swoboda, eds., Monetary Problems of the International Economy, University of Chicago
Press, Chicago.
6
R McKinnon, 1963, Optimum currency areas, American Economic Review, 54(3):712–725.
7
P De Grauwe, 2009, Economics of Monetary Union, eighth edition, Oxford University
Press, Oxford and New York.
8
P Krugman, 1993, Lessons of Massachusetts for EMU, in: F Torres and F Giavazzi, eds.,
Adjustment and Growth in the European Monetary Union, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, pp. 241–269.
9
A Rose, 2000, One market, one money: Estimating the effect of common currencies on
trade, Economic Policy, 30:9–45.
10
R Glick and A Rose, 2002, Does a currency union affect trade?

язык:Ру́сский
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GE.11-22992 (R) 1
They can be joined with most welding methods used for austenitic stainless
steels. For optimum weldment properties, however, the welding parameters may
have to be modified. (...) The general approach, if optimum weldment properties are required, is to use
designed fillers and a joint design that allows the use of filler.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 1172477.9
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LETTER DATED 68/07/03 FROM THE CHARGE D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF JORDAN TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Master Plan for Wide Area
A separate committee of ex
perts is finishing work on a
master plan for the whole
Jerusalem district, down to the
northern edge of Bethlehem.
This calls for an optimum pop
ulation of 500,000 by the year
2010.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 1150793
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DRAFT RESOLUTION, SPONSORED BY RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CO-SPONSORED BY CHINA, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) AND PAKISTAN: ADOPTION OF THE REGIONAL COOPERATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY TRANSPORT
A streamlined operating procedure may be developed for the border
interchange stations detailing the expected time for each mandated operation and
indicating operations that can be carried out in parallel so that the overall time to
complete border-crossing formalities and deal with break-of-gauge is minimized.
The streamlined operating procedure can be in two parts: one that is
general and applicable to all border interchange stations and one that can be
tailored to the requirements of individual border crossings. (...) It will help increase the reliability of train operations and
optimum utilization of rolling stock. In addition, direct railway connections from
gateway ports to the hinterlands are encouraged to reduce overall transport times.
(...) Different legal regimes for railway transport contracts
Member countries may wish to become Parties to the International
Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods (1982), annex 9 of
which deals with the facilitation of border crossing procedures for international
rail freight.

язык:Ру́сский
счет: 1082679.6
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ADOPTION OF THE REGIONAL COOPERATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY TRANSPORT : RESOLUTION / ADOPTED BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
A streamlined operating procedure may be developed for the border
interchange stations detailing the expected time for each mandated operation and
indicating operations that can be carried out in parallel so that the overall time to
complete border-crossing formalities and deal with break-of-gauge is minimized.
The streamlined operating procedure can be in two parts: one that is
general and applicable to all border interchange stations and one that can be
tailored to the requirements of individual border crossings. (...) It will help increase the reliability of train operations and
optimum utilization of rolling stock. In addition, direct railway connections from
gateway ports to the hinterlands are encouraged to reduce overall transport times.
(...) Different legal regimes for railway transport contracts
Member countries may wish to become Parties to the International
Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods (1982), annex 9 of
which deals with the facilitation of border crossing procedures for international
rail freight.

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счет: 1082679.6
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REPORT OF THE INTERSESSIONAL OPEN-ENDED INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING GROUP TO FOLLOW UP THE WORK OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE
To
achieve this, the Preparatory Committee shall allocate two or more half-day meetings
to each of the sub-groups to hold their sessions during the period from 7 to
15 October;
(f) The results of the work of each negotiating sub-group will be reported to the
plenary of the Preparatory Committee not later than on 16 October 2008;
(g) The drafting of the declaratory part of the outcome document may take place in
parallel to other sections of the document, both as separate negotiating sub-group or
within one of the sub-groups, possibly the one that deals with section five.
Alternatively, its drafting may be undertaken after the first reading of the five
sections of the action-oriented part of the draft outcome document by the Preparatory
Committee is completed;
(h) The Bureau of the Preparatory Committee may consider respective
preparations for the negotiating process, including the drafting of relevant decisions.
11. (...) However, little has changed for those caught up in this
sordid trade. Attempts to deal with the human consequences of trafficking have been largely
ineffective. (...) Measures of prevention, education and protection aimed at the
eradication of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and
related intolerance at all levels
• Language of DPA
35. The DPA deals with measures of prevention, education and protection.

язык:Ру́сский
счет: 988049.6
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NOTE VERBALE DATED 22 MARCH 2016 FROM THE PERMANENT MISSION OF TURKEY TO THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA ADDRESSED TO THE OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
The references in Paragraph 10, to the recommendations received by the
Government of Turkey during the twenty-first session of the Universal Periodic Review
(UPR) in relation to human rights situation in Northern Cyprus, is inappropriate as it only
serves the political purposes and claims of the recommending countries and creates the
impression that Turkey has authority and jurisdiction in Northern Cyprus and uses it to
prevent the implementation of human rights. The report deals with human rights situation in
Cyprus whereas the cited UPR session deals with human rights situation in Turkey and was
not related to Cyprus.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 958535.2
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LETTER DATED 2007/06/14 ADDRESSED BY THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE COORDINATION COMMITTEE OF SPECIAL PROCEDURES TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
It should accordingly be amended to read:
A/HRC/5/19
page 3
“Mandate-holders may resort to urgent appeals in cases of alleged violations of civil,
cultural, economic, political or social rights where the alleged violations are time-
sensitive and involve loss of life, life-threatening situations, or imminent damage to
victims that cannot be addressed in time by the procedure under Article 9.”
(v) Article 15 deals with accountability to the Council. This provision should address the
responsibilities of the mandate-holders and facilitate the implementation of the code.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 901375.2
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VISIT TO THE NETHERLANDS : REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY
The foreign trade and development cooperation policy also deals with climate action
and mobilizing the private sector for sustainable and inclusive growth worldwide, as
preconditions for future prosperity and development. (...) The National Water
Plan specifies the strategies to be pursued with respect to areas particularly abounding in
water, such as the Rhine-Meuse delta and the coastal area. It also examines optimum ways
to accommodate water in the spatial planning of the Netherlands and the costs involved.
75.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 892847.4
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UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW : INFORMATION / PRESENTED BY THE COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (OMBUDSMAN) OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN ; NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT
It should be mentioned that eleven points of the document
somehow deals with the activity of the Commissioner. The establishment of the
Ombudsman Institute was welcomed; in general the activity of the Commissioner was
highly appreciated in the Review on the Report of the Republic of Azerbaijan on UPR
worked out by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
язык:Ру́сский
счет: 883371.8
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