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7，8 4 RA Mundell，1961, A theory of optimum currency areas, American Economic Review, 51:657–665. 5 PB Kenen, 1969, The optimum currency area: An eclectic view, in: RA Mundell and AK Swoboda, eds., Monetary Problems of the International Economy, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 6 R McKinnon, 1963, Optimum currency areas, American Economic Review, 54(3):712–725. 7 P De Grauwe, 2009, Economics of Monetary Union, eighth edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. 8 P Krugman, 1993, Lessons of Massachusetts for EMU, in: F Torres and F Giavazzi, eds., Adjustment and Growth in the European Monetary Union, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 241- 269.

A streamlined operating procedure may be developed for the border interchange stations detailing the expected time for each mandated operation and indicating operations that can be carried out in parallel so that the overall time to complete border- crossing formalities and deal with break-of-gauge is minimized. The streamlined operating procedure can be in two parts: one that is general and applicable to all border interchange stations and one that can be tailored to the requirements of individual border crossings. (...) It will help increase the reliability of train operations and optimum utilization of rolling stock. In addition, direct railway connections from gateway ports to the hinterlands are encouraged to reduce overall transport times. (...) Different legal regimes for railway transport contracts Member countries may wish to become Parties to the International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods (1982), annex 9 of which deals with the facilitation of border crossing procedures for international rail freight.

A streamlined operating procedure may be developed for the border interchange stations detailing the expected time for each mandated operation and indicating operations that can be carried out in parallel so that the overall time to complete border- crossing formalities and deal with break-of-gauge is minimized. The streamlined operating procedure can be in two parts: one that is general and applicable to all border interchange stations and one that can be tailored to the requirements of individual border crossings. (...) It will help increase the reliability of train operations and optimum utilization of rolling stock. In addition, direct railway connections from gateway ports to the hinterlands are encouraged to reduce overall transport times. (...) Different legal regimes for railway transport contracts Member countries may wish to become Parties to the International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods (1982), annex 9 of which deals with the facilitation of border crossing procedures for international rail freight.

To achieve this, the Preparatory Committee shall allocate two or more half-day meetings to each of the sub-groups to hold their sessions during the period from 7 to 15 October; (f) The results of the work of each negotiating sub-group will be reported to the plenary of the Preparatory Committee not later than on 16 October 2008; (g) The drafting of the declaratory part of the outcome document may take place in parallel to other sections of the document, both as separate negotiating sub-group or within one of the sub-groups, possibly the one that deals with section five. Alternatively, its drafting may be undertaken after the first reading of the five sections of the action-oriented part of the draft outcome document by the Preparatory Committee is completed; (h) The Bureau of the Preparatory Committee may consider respective preparations for the negotiating process, including the drafting of relevant decisions. 11. (...) However, little has changed for those caught up in this sordid trade. Attempts to deal with the human consequences of trafficking have been largely A/CONF.211/PC.3/2 page 17 ineffective. (...) Measures of prevention, education and protection aimed at the eradication of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance at all levels • Language of DPA 35. The DPA deals with measures of prevention, education and protection.

The foreign trade and development cooperation policy also deals with climate action and mobilizing the private sector for sustainable and inclusive growth worldwide, as preconditions for future prosperity and development. (...) The National Water Plan specifies the strategies to be pursued with respect to areas particularly abounding in water, such as the Rhine-Meuse delta and the coastal area. It also examines optimum ways to accommodate water in the spatial planning of the Netherlands and the costs involved. 75.

Subparagraph 1 (c) should be deleted since it deals with matters other than illicit manufacturing and trafficking—matters that extend beyond the scope of the draft Protocol. 40. (...) Paragraph 3 should be deleted since its scope extends beyond individuals to include States, in addition to the fact that it deals with matters other than illicit manufacturing or trafficking.

The Ministers noted the effects of an inequitable global economic system which severely impede the ability of Member Countries to realize their optimum potentials for economic growth and development.

The references in Paragraph 10, to the recommendations received by the Government of Turkey during the twenty-first session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in relation to human rights situation in Northern Cyprus, is inappropriate as it only serves the political purposes and claims of the recommending countries and creates the impression that Turkey has authority and jurisdiction in Northern Cyprus and uses it to prevent the implementation of human rights. The report deals with human rights situation in Cyprus whereas the cited UPR session deals with human rights situation in Turkey and was not related to Cyprus.

Having considered a number of alternative arrangements for each component and agreed on its preferences, the AGSA has decided that the integrated scenario comprising the optimum arrangements for all components can be divided for operational purposes into a modular mechanism comprising three core modules: (a) A “Science-Policy Interface” (SPI), where representatives of the policy and science communities, and other stakeholders, would discuss, synthesize and communicate to the UNCCD scientific information and knowledge and policy-relevant advice on desertification/land degradation and drought (DLDD), and identify the needs of the UNCCD for such inputs. (...) The AGSA then divided the resulting integrated scenario, comprising the combination of optimum arrangements for all components, into three core modules for operational/planning purposes (see figure below): (a) A “Science-Policy Interface” (SPI), where representatives of the policy and science communities would discuss, synthesize and communicate to UNCCD scientific information and knowledge and policy-relevant advice on DLDD, and the needs of UNCCD for such inputs; 9 As footnote 8 above. 10 As footnote 8 above. 8 ICCD/COP(11)/CST/3 The role of the modular mechanism in the integrated scenario for providing scientific advice to the UNCCD (b) An “Independent Non-Governmental Group of Scientists” (IGS), whose representatives would meet with policymakers in the SPI (see para. 25 (b)).

The Child Protection Division of the Põhja Police Prefecture, which deals with cases of child abuse and child pornography, informed the Special Rapporteur of cases of boys as young as 7 or 8 who have traded sexual acts for consumer goods. 25. (...) Article 9, paragraph 3, of the Optional Protocol deals with the obligation incumbent on States parties to take measures to ensure appropriate assistance to child victims, including their full social reintegration and their full physical and psychological recovery. (...) Article 8 of the Optional Protocol deals with the protection of child victims of the practices prohibited under the Protocol throughout the entire criminal justice process.